Impedance Properties Research Articles

The closing resistor in a circuit breaker are prone to damage during operation due to extreme factors such as over-voltage, over-current, and mechanical shock, which alter their high-frequency impedance characteristics. Comparing impedance before and after damage can indicate the severity of degradation. However, the high-frequency impedance properties of damaged closing resistors remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates three classic damage types through simulation and external testing on a physical circuit breaker, validating the accuracy of the simulation results. Further high-frequency impedance measurements inside the tank examine the characteristics under varying damage degrees. Results show that external testing reflects the intrinsic impedance changes in the resistor string, exhibiting primarily resistive and inductive traits, with negligible capacitive influence. In contrast, internal measurements are affected by the tank’s capacitance, leading to a resonance point in the high-frequency range. Different damage degrees cause noticeable shifts in the resonance frequency and a gradual increase in impedance magnitude. These findings offer practical guidance for field inspection of circuit breaker closing resistor conditions using high-frequency impedance techniques.

Structural, Electrical, and Impedance Properties of Nd0.6Sr0.3Ba0.1MnO3 Perovskite with Potential for Advanced Electronic Devices

Influence of Ba Substitution on the Phase, Microstructure, Dielectric, and Impedance properties of CaTiO3 Ceramics

Abstract: In present work, (1-x)[BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3]-(x)[Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3] (BZT-BCT) (where x = 0.50, 0.60 and 0.75) were fabricated by solid-state reaction technique. Structural, dielectric and impedance properties of the synthesized composites were investigated and discussed in detail. The X-ray diffraction technique shows that all the samples possessed a double-phase polycrystalline sample with a tetragonal-rhombohedral structure. Dielectric and impedance behavior were investigated in a wide range of temperatures (room temperature (RT) - 500˚C) and frequency (100 Hz ≤f ≤ 1 MHz). A broad dielectric constant peak was observed around the phase transition temperature.

Investigation of electrocaloric effect and scaling behavior with correlation of structural, electrical, and impedance properties in Sn-substituted NBT–BT ceramics near MPB

Abstract The Al0.8Cu0.2‐xZnxTiO3+δ (x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16) (ACZT) nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The structural behavior was investigated using the x‐ray diffractometer (XRD). The average crystallite size is increasing from 48.9 nm to 92.2 nm with increase in “x” from 0.04–0.16. The microstructure was examined at 200 nm, and 50 nm scale. The optical bandgap tuning of x = 0.04–0.16 took place from 2.893 eV to 2.259 eV by substituting the Zn content. The photocatalytic activity was observed for x = 0.04–0.16 samples. The room temperature dielectric, and impedance properties was investigated for x = 0.04–0.16 during the frequency range of 42 Hz to 8 MHz. The dielectric constant varies from 22.48–46.54 while the loss changes from 2.306–4.776 as a function of composition. Besides, the x = 0.16 is noticed as lossy dielectric material suitable for absorber applications. The mass loss of all samples was studied using thermogravimetric (TG) measurement. The x = 0.08 shows the high mass losses in the TG curves.

Binder Influence on Rheological Impedance and Graphite Anode Properties

Exploring optical, electrical, and impedance properties of Al/α-Fe₂O₃ nanoflakes/FTO heterojunction device

Analysis of Co-Ce substituted BaCoxCexFe12-2xO19/PANI Composites: Correlating structural, dielectric, magnetic, and impedance properties for enhanced microwave absorption

HighlightsDielectric, impedance and ac conductivity properties with temperature has been studiedDielectric constant and loss, have been examined in relation to frequency and temperatureDielectric constant increased with increasing Mn concentration.The Raman spectra validate the cubic spinel phase in all samplesThe ac conductivity plateau nature expands to higher frequencies as temperature rises.

Exploring multifunctionality: optical, impedance, and photocatalytic properties of Dy0.5Er0.5CrO3 nanomaterial synthesized via sol-gel method

Design and evaluation of sandwiched embroidered textrodes for long-term sEMG monitoring with enhanced impedance properties

The growing need for sustainable energy has intensified research on photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a promising photoanode due to its stability, suitable bandgap (~2.4–2.8 eV), and strong visible-light absorption. However, performance limitations arise from short hole diffusion length and high recombination rates. This study examines the effect of substrate rotation during magnetron sputtering on WO3 thin films' morphology and PEC performance, employing the glancing angle deposition technique to achieve nanostructured films that enhance light trapping. SEM analysis reveals that films deposited without rotation exhibit greater porosity, improving light absorption and charge transport. As a result, these films demonstrate higher photocurrent density and enhanced electrochemical impedance properties. These findings highlight the significance of deposition dynamics in optimizing WO3 for PEC applications. This study provides insights into controlling thin film morphology to improve PEC efficiency, contributing to the development of more effective water-splitting devices.

ABSTRACTRational design on the microstructure and chemical composition is a feasible strategy to boost the performance of some conventional microwave absorbers. In this study, we designed and synthesized unique hydrogenated yolk–shell C@TiO2 composites (C@TiO2‐H2). The results indicate that the as‐prepared composite can effectively modify the matching degree of characteristic impedance and dielectric loss property by high complex permittivity carbon cores, crystal/disorder microstructure of TiO2 shells, and yolk–shell microstructure. The maximum reflection loss is −76.8 dB at 7.6 GHz with an absorber thickness of 3.0 mm. With an absorber thickness of 2.0 mm, the bandwidth over −10.0 dB is 4.5 GHz from 10.7 to 15.2 GHz. Notably, C@TiO2‐H2 outperformed TiO2, hydrogenated TiO2 (TiO2‐H2), carbon microspheres (Cm), as well as unhydrogenated yolk–shell C@TiO2 (C@TiO2‐N2) microspheres, where superior reflection loss and wide response bandwidth can be achieved simultaneously. Therefore, the yolk–shell C@TiO2‐H2 microspheres are expected to be promising candidates for microwave absorption applications.

Structural correlation with dielectric, impedance, AC-conductivity, magnetic, and electric property studies of Bi0.5La0.5FeO3 ceramics

Frequency and temperature dependent impedance, conductivity and dielectric properties of Gd2FeCr0.75Mg0.25O6 for high-temperature electronics

Effect of Temperature on Dielectric, Impedance, and Optical Properties of Al-Doped ZnO by Wet-Chemical Process

This work presents the behavior of adjusting the dielectric and impedance characteristics by varying the voltage and illumination for a metal–organic semiconductor material-semiconductor (MOmS) configuration for optoelectronic applications. We analyzed the ε′, ε′′, tan δ, M′, M′′, σac, Z′, Z′′, θ characteristics of the metal-organic semiconductor–semiconductor diodes at a illumination intensity of 0- 120 mW/cm2, bias voltage range of − 4 V; + 4 V and at 1 MHz. The Cole–Cole plot showed a single semicircle at dark and in the different illumination intensity. The new phenomena that have seemed are the presence of a peak in the ε′′, M′′, and Z′ characteristics. With increasing voltage ‘and illumination intensity, it was discovered that the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss ε′′ increased. The illumination increases from 0 to 120 mW/cm2, increasing the values of ε′ and ε′′ from 3.52 to 3.56 and 0.204 to 0.606, respectively. The BOD-Z-EN organic semiconductor layer exhibited a illumination-dependent electrical relaxation phenomenon, as seen by the M′′-M′ graphs. Consequently, this work examined the dielectric characteristics of the BOD-Z-EN-based photocapacitor structure and came to the conclusion that it could be a good dielectric material. Additionally, the material's high modulus, impedance, and phase angle properties suggest that it may find application in photonic devices. This study highlights that the fabricated Au/BOD-Z-En/n-Si device is a photosensitive capacitor.

This study examines the dielectric, electrical, and impedance properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites enhanced with activated carbon (AC) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10% over a frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz. The analysis includes capacitance, dielectric permittivity (ε′, ε′′), loss tangent (tanδ), alternating current conductivity (σac), electric modulus (M′, M′′), and impedance spectroscopy (Z, R, X, θ) to assess charge transport, polarization effects, and relaxation behavior. Results show that increasing AC content enhances interfacial polarization and charge mobility, improving dielectric performance and influencing conductivity mechanisms. Among the investigated composites, AC7 achieved the best balance of properties, with a dielectric constant of 54.47 at 10 kHz, an ac conductivity of 0.0169 μS/cm, and a loss tangent of 0.054 at the same frequency. This composition exhibited high charge storage capacity, stable impedance, and low dielectric losses, making it ideal for wearable technology, embedded capacitors, and supercapacitors. Its optimized electrical properties also support applications in flexible sensors and electronic packaging, where controlled impedance is crucial. This study highlights the importance of optimizing filler concentration to develop TPU-based composites with improved dielectric properties and minimal energy loss, making them suitable for high-frequency and energy-efficient applications.

Morphologically controlled tuning of structural, magnetic and impedance properties of iron titanate (FeTiO3) for multilayered structures