ABSTRACT Much of the scholarship on military effectiveness focuses on major powers and land warfare, leaving naval domains and small states underexplored. Debates on the impact of technological change also tend to overlook how non-Western small states adapt in asymmetric settings. This article fills these gaps by examining Vietnam’s approach to asymmetric maritime conflict in the South China Sea. It argues that Vietnam’s tactical approach reflects Stephen Biddle’s “modern system” principles – cover and concealment, dispersion, and combined arms – while embedding them within its enduring doctrine of people’s war. With the rise of artificial intelligence, autonomous technologies, Vietnam has invested in such capabilities and sought to integrate them into its asymmetric approach. Yet, significant challenges, including limited combined-arms training, Army-centric command structures, interoperability and doctrinal issues, continue to constrain its efforts to field an effective modern force.

The weaponization of artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating.Embodied intelligent systems, especially humanoid robots, are expected to dominate the next generation of artificial intelligence arsenal.These platforms are expected to replace human combatants as the primary force on the future battlefield.This article takes the safety dilemma as the theoretical mainline and takes humanoid robot technology as the entry point to construct a multi-level analytical framework that integrates technology, ethics, and international relations, and prospectively grasps the impact of technological changes on war and international relations.This article also calls for "good governance" of technology and proposes that China's great power responsibility is to promote multilateral consensus, cocreate governance structures, and transform survival risks into strategic opportunities.

The study focuses on the development and evaluation of predictive models for forecasting labour demand in the metallurgical industry of the East Kazakhstan Region, with particular emphasis on the impact of production volume and labour productivity. The methodological framework combines classical econometric approaches with modern machine learning techniques, which makes it possible to capture nonlinear dependencies and more accurately assess labour market dynamics. The research is based on regional statistical data for the period 2015–2023. Several modeling approaches were tested, including linear regression, a parametric specification, and a hybrid machine learning model that integrates decision trees with local linear regression. Model performance was validated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), followed by forecasting labour demand for 2024–2028. Results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms the alternatives by achieving the lowest prediction error and producing the most plausible projection of moderate employment growth. The parametric model, although less precise, offers a high level of interpretability and is well suited for strategic analysis, while the linear regression model has limited effectiveness under nonlinear conditions. The practical value of the research lies in the possibility of embedding the developed models into decision support systems for government bodies and industrial enterprises, enabling early assessment of the impact of technological changes and production dynamics on employment. The outcomes may contribute to shaping balanced human resource policies, aligning educational programs with labour market needs, and conducting scenario analyses. Furthermore, the findings establish a foundation for extending the methodology to other industries and incorporating additional variables related to digitalization and innovation activity.

This study models the broiler chicken supply chain in East Java Province using a dynamic system modeling approach to improve food security. The research focuses on the broiler chicken supply chain system, which, despite increasing production, still faces challenges of availability and price volatility. The main problem addressed is the lack of dynamic model capable of capturing the complex and non-linear relationships within this system, which hinders the development of proactive strategic insights. The dynamic model was successfully validated with a high degree of accuracy, with the E1 error value being less than 2.59% and E2 less than 2.09%. Simulation results demonstrate that the adoption of industrial technology has a significant and measurable impact. The automated cage technology (closed-house) scenario can increase average production by 5.5% in the long term, with projected production reaching 633,684 tons by 2034. This is explained by a decrease in mortality rates from 4–5% to 2–3%, which creates a positive reinforcing loop. Meanwhile, the big data scenario can increase the accuracy of demand predictions by 3.7%, enabling better and more stable supply adjustments and consequently reducing the gap between production and consumption. The key advantage of these findings is their ability to predict long-term system behavior and integrate the cumulative impact of technological changes, a feature that conventional static methods lack. The solution can be used by policymakers and industry players to design proactive, data-driven strategies. The results can be applied to formulate investment policies, resource allocation, and supply chain management strategies to ensure a stable supply of animal protein in East Java, directly contributing to the achievement of sustainable food security goals

This article examines changes in the labor market due to the development of high-tech production, as well as under the influence of digitalization of all sectors of the economy.In particular, employers' requirements for employees are changing, but at the same time new horizons are opening up for inclusive employment.The authors describe the methodology for forming the main indicators of the labor market, Kazakhstan's digital labor platforms.The authors studied the employment rate to the population aged 15 years and older in the first quarter of 2023, which amounted to 65%, to the labor force -95.2%.The article examines the unemployment rate (according to the methodology of the International Labor Organization), the number of unemployed, the proportion of NEET youth who do not work and are not engaged in education or vocational training.The authors show that poorquality data on the number of unemployed do not allow taking adequate measures to solve employment problems, retraining and optimal territorial distribution of labor resources.At the same time, they reduce the effectiveness of state programs to increase employment.

The object of this research is the impact of technological changes on the dynamics of economic development of enterprises. The main hypothesis is the assumption of the presence of such an impact for a significant number of companies. The implementation of this research made it possible to make a certain contribution to the process of solving the problem of finding ways to accelerate the economic development of business entities. At the same time, technological changes were divided into three groups, namely: resource-saving; changes that ensure the improvement of the quality of the enterprise's products; changes that ensure the improvement of management, sales and other processes at enterprises. A methodological approach to assessing the impact of technological changes on the dynamics of economic development of companies was also developed. This approach involves the implementation of two main methods of assessment, namely: establishing the presence or absence of such an impact and determining the magnitude of the impact of technological changes on the dynamics of economic development of enterprises. The testing of the developed tool on a sample of industrial enterprises showed that the impact of technological changes on the dynamics of their economic development exists and is statistically significant. At the same time, the average impact of technological changes on the growth of financial results of enterprises is quite high. In particular, the average values of the indicator of the impact of technological changes on the net profit of those enterprises that have undergone at least two types of such changes, by type of economic activity, range from 11.25% to 13.32%. Since a significant number of the enterprises studied have not carried out technological changes in recent years, at least some of these enterprises may have significant potential to accelerate their economic development. The developed toolkit for assessing the impact of technological changes on the dynamics of economic development of enterprises can be used to establish the presence and extent of such an impact both at the level of an individual company and at the industry level. This will allow owners and managers of enterprises to increase the validity of the strategies for technological renewal of these enterprises.

The author focuses on a person in a new socio-communicative space complicated by the information and technological impact of network culture, transforming socialization processes. The object of the study is a per-son's ability to think critically, doubt and evaluate their actions and deeds in the new information and communi-cation space of culture in the context of a rapidly accelerating pace of life, clip consciousness, simplification and unification of life activities. The subject is a change in the processes of human cognition in the digital so-cio-communicative space, where goals and results are often replaced: instead of creative search activity, a per-son uses the resources of artificial intelligence, which instantly gives an answer accepted as the truth. The aim of the article is to identify the impact of technological changes on human cognitive abilities, to identify key chal-lenges in the complex context of the cultural and educational environment. The author presents the ideas of value rethinking of human cognitive activity, discussed in the scientific community, in the context of the task of preserving the key goal of education, ensuring the harmonious development of future generations. Regarding the current state of the level of critical thinking and reflection, the author expresses a position related to the need for further study of factors that both stimulate and restrain its development.

Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have limited research attention regarding the impact of technological change on the labour market. While existing studies offer many insights into developed countries, research on CEE countries, which have not yet achieved the level of prosperity seen in Western nations, does not take into consideration the following paradox – the existing labour force deficit and lack of technological innovation at the same time. This makes the region particularly valuable for the analysis in the context of technological change. Our study expands current theoretical understanding of the relationship between technological change and employment by examining the effects of passive labour market policies. The empirical analysis, using fixed-effects models, reveals that the overall effect of digitalization on employment is inconsistent, suggesting that the direct relationship between ICT capital and employment is not robust across specifications. This may result from the balancing of both positive and negative effects of technological change on the labour market. However, three models find a positive and statistically significant moderating effect of social protection benefits, while two showed insignificant estimates. This suggests that higher social protection can help mitigate digitalization’s negative employment effects by sustaining demand and supporting jobs in non-automated sectors.

Technological change has significantly reshaped labor markets globally, with the manufacturing sector being particularly affected. This study examines the impact of technological advancements on the labor market in Zambia's manufacturing sector, focusing on Zambian Breweries. The research evaluates the extent to which technological advancements have led to job displacement, assesses the emerging skill requirements, examines the effectiveness of policies and interventions addressing skill gaps, and investigates the impact of technological changes on wage structures and employment stability. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study reveals that while automation and digitalization have improved production efficiency, they have redefined workforce requirements, emphasizing technical and digital competencies. Job displacement is noted in repetitive roles, but new opportunities have arisen in technology-driven positions. Existing policies and training programs partially address skill gaps but require alignment with evolving labor demands. Additionally, technological changes have influenced wage structures, creating disparities between traditional and technology-intensive roles and affecting employment stability. These findings underscore the need for strategies to balance productivity gains with equitable labor market outcomes in Zambia’s manufacturing sector.

This study focuses on the impact of technological changes, particularly the development of generative artificial intelligence, on government–citizen interactions in the context of government services. From a psychological perspective with an emphasis on technological governance theory and emotional contagion theory, it examines public perceptions of the simulated emotions of governmental chatbots and investigates the moderating role of age. Data were collected through a multi-stage stratified purposive sampling method, yielding 194 valid responses from an original distribution of 300 experimental questionnaires between 24 September and 13 October 2023. The findings reveal that public expectations significantly enhance the simulated emotional perception of chatbots, with this effect being stronger among older individuals. Age shows significant main and interaction effects, indicating that different age groups perceive the simulated emotional capabilities of chatbots differently. This study highlights the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence on government–citizen interactions and the importance of integrating AI technology into government services. It calls for governments to pay attention to public perceptions of the simulated emotions of governmental chatbots to enhance public experience.

The relevance of the problem under study lies in the rapid development of digital technologies, which provide unique opportunities for optimising and improving the efficiency of construction production. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of digital changes on the technology and organisation of construction activities in Ukraine. The methods of literature review, experimentation, and abduction were used. The study determined which digital technologies, such as BIM, IoT, and AI, are most important to construction organisations. A framework of efficiency-boosting tactics, including personnel training, process optimisation, and technology integration, was created. To visualise data on digital priorities and initiatives, an application was developed. The study emphasised the significance of all-encompassing digital transformation plans and the demand for ongoing innovation in the building sector.

The global art auction market has long been dominated by two major auction houses, Christie's and Sotheby's, whose global networks and expertise in high-end art transactions have established their leading position. However, in recent years, the rise of the Chinese market has injected new vitality into the global art auction landscape. Although local competitors such as China Guardian and Poly Auction have performed well in regional markets, they face cultural and economic context constraints in their global expansion. This study reviews the latest developments in the art auction industry, with a particular focus on the strategic choices of auction houses and potential opportunities for international competition, while exploring the profound impact of technological innovation on transaction efficiency, market expansion, and customer experience. The study found that Western auction houses rely on diversified asset portfolios and technological innovation to maintain their global advantages, while Chinese auction houses attract emerging consumer groups through specialization in traditional art fields and digital tools. However, the rapid development of technology may invalidate some of the research conclusions, and it is recommended to conduct long-term research in the future to reveal the continued impact of technological changes on the auction industry.

ABSTRACT Generative AI applications have been hailed as “transformative,” “disruptive,” and posing a “threat to human journalists and media professionals.” Much of this discourse reflects longstanding concerns about the impact of technological change on both the production and consumption ends of journalism. Perhaps nowhere is this felt more strongly than in visual journalism, where fears about AI replacing cameras and associated implications are rife. These concerns resemble earlier debates about visual technologies, from the smartphone camera to social media, and intersect with fundamental debates about journalism’s boundaries and norms: what news “is,” how it is produced, and what we expect it to achieve. Amidst this hype and anxiety, we offer an analysis of AI’s risks to visual journalism that contextualises this technology against journalism’s existing tensions. Our study asks: How unique are the threats that generative AI poses to visual news? Specifically, we look across academic disciplines to interrogate three threats that are especially prevalent in the literature. Our conceptual evaluation is benefited empirically by dozens of industry perspectives spanning three continents, and allows us to identify exactly which threats, if any, that generative AI poses to visual journalism are new, and which are extant threats folded into more longstanding discourses.

This article aims to support sports and sustainability practices and research by describing an investigation of climate-related issues and exploring the sports industry’s capacity to promote climate action. The research involved the construction of a comprehensive sustainability framework for sports and identified components that may function as stages or indices of development in the Degrowth transition. The study describes how backcasting and the Delphi technique were used with a group of stakeholders, including sports and media managers, athletes, fans, academic experts, and federation executives, to explore the sustainability aspects that will influence the future of sports. The findings highlight the significance of balancing sports and technological development, including in the application of self-imposed limitations, while adopting a localized approach to reevaluating the role of sports in combating climate change. The findings underscore differing perspectives about the impact of technological changes and the role elite athletes should play in tackling such urgent challenges.

Recently, topics regarding the link between technological advancement, automation, income distribution and labor income share have been receiving much attention. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of this field has yet to be conducted. Hence, this paper aims to fill that gap by examining the development and trends in research focusing on automation, technological change, and their impact on income distribution and labor income share. Bibliometric data sourced from the Scopus database were used, covering articles published between 1975 and 2024 based on several predefined criteria. The analysis was performed using Biblioshiny, incorporating a total of 509 articles. A significant increase in annual publications was observed from 2010 to 2024. The United States and China were the dominant countries in this field, accounting for 14.15% (72 articles) and 10.61% (54 articles) of the publications, respectively. Besides that, University of California and Daron Acemoglu were identified as the most influential institution and author, respectively. Technological Forecasting and Social Change journal stands out as the most prolific source with 19 publications in this field, while the Journal of Development Economics has garnered the most citations. Key terms such as “technological change” and “income inequality” were frequently used by authors, with thematic trends indicating a growing focus on “automation” and “artificial intelligence”. These findings reflect an increasing academic and policy-driven interest in understanding how technological disruption reshapes labor markets. Overall, this study provides an overview of the most influential publications, authors, countries, and topics in the field, shedding light on the evolving research landscape surrounding the intersection of technological change and labor market dynamics.

The article explores the interrelation between the development of the information services sector and the transformation of the labor market under conditions of economic digitalization. The study aims to systematize and enhance theoretical and methodological approaches to analyzing this interrelation. It synthesizes contemporary concepts regarding the impact of technological change on employment (including theories of post-industrial and network society, and employment polarization) and examines the methodological foundations for statistically measuring the development of information services in line with international standards. Empirical evidence demonstrates significant employment growth in the information and telecommunications sector, accompanied by an increasing share of this sector in the economy. The findings confirm profound structural shifts in the labor market driven by digitalization, such as employment polarization, the emergence of flexible work arrangements, and evolving competency requirements for workers. The research identifies key challenges in the digital transformation of the labor market, including the deepening digital divide, outdated regulatory frameworks, and the limited effectiveness of reskilling systems. A conceptual model of interrelation is proposed, integrating macro-, meso-, and micro-level analyses, and serving as a foundation for the development of adaptive employment policies. The study concludes that successful labor market adaptation to digitalization requires coordinated actions at all levels and proactive state policy to ensure inclusive digital development. In the Ukrainian context, the information services sector is identified as a strategic driver of post-war recovery. Critical challenges are outlined, such as the need to harmonize national economic activity classifications with European standards, bridge the regional digital divide, and modernize the education system. The proposed conceptual model of labor market adaptation emphasizes flexible regulation of emerging forms of employment and an active public policy for human capital development.

The article studies the scientific views on the impact of technological change and the rapid introduction of digital technologies into economic processes and social relations on the well-being of countries and the level of their competitiveness in the world. The main principles of the current EU Program «Digital Europe» for 2021– 2027 are described and the key benefits of the state, business and society of participation in the Program of small and medium-sized enterprises, public organizations, educational institutions and state authorities are indicated. This made it possible to outline areas of priority support and funding within the framework of the implementation of the EU Program “Digital Europe” and identify Ukraineʼs place in it as an outpost of Central Europe. The dynamics of changes in the ranking of individual countries of the world and Ukraine in terms of Internet quality within the DQL Index in 2021–2023 were analyzed, where Ukraine took 75th place in 2023 and demonstrated positive dynamics. A graphical interpretation of the rate of change in the rating of some countries of the world and Ukraine for the development of egovernment in 2021–2023 is provided, which testifies to the real steps taken by Ukraine (from 2021 to 2023, the country improved its position in the global ranking by 10 points) in ensuring reliable, transparent and secure relationships between government institutions and citizens and businesses of the country. A special role in these positive developments belongs to digital transformations at the level of territorial communities of the country and the study of factors influencing them using the Digital Transformation Index of Territorial Communities of Ukraine. The dynamics of changes in the rating of individual countries of the world and Ukraine in terms of the development of e-infrastructure in 2021–2023 was visualized, where Ukraine in 2023 has a slight deterioration in its positions, taking into account the conditions of martial law, but in general, the country is distinguished by the presence of a powerful potential for the development of both electronic infrastructure and an innovative digital ecosystem, which is the basis of the ease of doing business, investment attractiveness, comfortable and safe life of members of society.

The article examines the transformation of employment in rural areas in conditions of instability and uncertainty of the socio-economic environment. The main focus is on the impact of technological changes, digitalization and automatization on rural employment. The authors analyze the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to the study of the problem, as well as provide the opinions of Russian scientists on the transformation of the professional and qualification structure of the workforce. The importance of rural employment adaptation in conditions of high turbulence and difficult geopolitical situation is noted. A parallel is drawn between the phases of the Kondratieff cycles and the stages of transformation of employment in the labor market. The conclusion is made about the important role of adaptation in the process of employment transformation, which ensures the consistency and regularity of evolutionary changes, reduces the risk of negative trends and stabilizes the system of rural employment relations.

The article explores ways to achieve an optimal and fair gender distribution of time in Ukraine’s public administration through the lens of spiritual principles of human coexistence: balance and fairness, responsibility, causality, interaction, and unity. The article provides an overview of these principles and highlights the most influential research on the subject. It examines the impact of technological changes on the organization of time, noting that despite the advancement of digital technologies, changes in gender roles occur slowly. The article proposes an analysis of the causal relationships in gender time distribution and the importance of implementing the spiritual principles of balance, fairness, responsibility, interaction, and unity to achieve sustainable societal development. It emphasizes that the use of these principles in public administration contributes to gender equality, harmony between professional and personal life, and social justice.The article also focuses on vertical and horizontal relationships in public administration, exploring how to achieve gender equality through the adjustment of workloads, the introduction of flexible working conditions, equal access to career opportunities, and the establishment of clear gender-sensitive standards. The application of the principles of balance, fairness, responsibility, causality, interaction, and unity not only enhances the efficiency of management processes but also fosters sustainable societal development. The article further highlights the importance of considering personal-level interactions and the use of digital technologies to reduce gender bias in the allocation of working time. Ultimately, ensuring an equal gender distribution of time in public administration depends on the conscious efforts of both individuals and organizations at the institutional level, creating a harmonious and productive environment for all participants in administrative interactions.

This study uses time series data from 2000 to 2020 to evaluate the impact of Research and Development (R&D) expenditure on employment levels in Pakistan. Employing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method, along with diagnostic tests like the Augmented Dickey[1]Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron tests, the analysis confirms the stationarity of variables at the first difference and a stable long-run relationship among them. The FMOLS results indicate significant positive relationships between employment and variables such as GDP, total investment, exports, education, and R&D expenditure, with p-values below 0.05 for all coefficients. The Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) analysis showed that multicollinearity is not an issue, with centered VIF values for all variables below the threshold of 10 (e.g., R&D = 2.95, GDP = 1.78). The model's stability was also validated through CUSUM and CUSUM square tests. These findings highlight the pivotal role of R&D investment in addressing unemployment challenges, prompting recommendations for policies that foster technological advancements and public-private partnerships to enhance employment opportunities.