Impact Of Parity Research Articles

The Impact of Parity on the Incidence of HELLP Syndrome and Small for Gestational Age Infants in Hypertensive Pregnant Women

Objectives: To determine whether maternal and fetal complications such as HELLP hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome and the incidence of small for gestational age infants in women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension differ with both gravidity and parity.Study Design: The charts of 441 hypertensive women, 182 with preeclampsia and 259 with gestational hypertension, presenting for delivery at B.C. Women’s Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple clinical parameters, including gestational age at presentation the incidence of small for gestational age SGA infants, HELLP syndrome, and the severity of preeclampsia, were compared among three groups of women: (A) primigravid primiparous, (B) multigravid primiparous, and (C) multiparous. Mean values between the groups were compared using analysis of variance with pair-wise comparison using the Tukey test.Results: The incidence of HELLP syndrome among the women with preeclampsia was similar in groups A and B 35% and 50%, respectively), but significantly lower (p < 0.012) in group C (19%). The incidence of small for gestational age infants among the women with preeclampsia was similar for groups A, B, and C (27%, 31% and 19%) respectively). In the gestational hypertensive group the incidence of SGA infants was similar for groups A, B, and C (14%, 11%, and 12% respectively).Conclusions: The preeclamptic primigravid primiparous and multigravid primiparous groups behaved similarly in their clinical expression of hypertensive complications but differed from the multiparous group by having a higher incidence of HELLP syndrome. The incidence of complications in hypertensive pregnant women varied by parity but not by gravidity. The gestational hypertensive groups did not differ in their clinical expression of hypertensive complications.

Blood pressure during pregnancy in a Swedish population; impact of parity.

Hypertension represents the most commonly encountered complication of pregnancy. Normal levels of blood pressure (BP) need to be established in each pregnant population in order to recognize pathology. A lack of studies from our own country and certain methodological objections to early studies motivated this study. Six hundred pregnant women were included in a historical cohort. The maternal BP had been measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer and standardized routines at each antenatal visit. Data regarding age, baseline BMI, weight gain and smoking habits as well as parity had been recorded. BP values were overall somewhat higher than in international studies, the SBP increasing slightly towards term. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased slightly until 25-28 weeks of gestation. A steady increase thereafter led to values at term 7.3% above initial values. In nulliparae the increase was significantly greater, 9.9% versus 5.4% in multiparae. Primigravidae showed mean DBP levels significantly higher than all multigravidae towards term. The DBP was correlated with the baseline BMI, but not with age or weight gain. In smoking pregnant women the DBP showed a significantly greater initial decrease and failed to follow the subsequent rise to the same degree as in non-smokers. Slightly higher blood pressure levels were found in this study compared to other international studies. Multiple regression analysis showed that parity, baseline BMI and smoking all significantly influenced the DBP at term. Multiparae have significantly lower DBP levels in pregnancy compared to nulliparae. The first pregnancy seems to have the greatest impact in lowering the blood pressure in subsequent pregnancies.

Blood pressure during pregnancy in a Swedish population; impact of parity

Blood pressure during pregnancy in a Swedish population; impact of parity

The Impact of Parity on an Adolescent's Decision to Breastfeed

The Impact of Parity on an Adolescent's Decision to Breastfeed

Zytokine, endotheliale Adhäsionsmoleküle und neutrophile Granulozyten im unteren Uterinsegment bei Frühgeburt - Erste Ergebnisse zur Abhängigkeit von der Wehendauer und der Parität -

Bei der Termingeburt kommt es im unteren Uterinsegment zum Konzentrationsanstieg von proinflammatorischen (Tumor Nekrose Faktor [TNF]α, Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6) und chemotaktischen (IL-8) Zytokinen, zur Expression von endothelialen Adhäsionsmolekülen (endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule [ELAM]-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1 und intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1) und zu einer Extravasation neutrophiler Granulozyten in Korrelation zum Grad der Muttermundseröffnung. Die Korrelation zur Wehendauer ist weniger deutlich ausgeprägt.

The impact of parity, infertility and treatment with fertility drugs on the risk of ovarian cancer. A survey.

The impact of parity, infertility and treatment with fertility drugs on the risk of ovarian cancer. A survey.

Decreased maternal serum hcg levels with increasing gravidity and parity

To investigate the preliminary observation that primigravid women have higher hCG multiples of the median (MoM) than multigravid women. An analysis of the effect of gravidity and parity on maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and hCG was performed using data from 20,009 consecutive singleton pregnancies of 15-20 weeks' gestation in a maternal serum screening program. The human chorionic gonadotropin MoM for primigravid women was 0.1 MoM higher than for multigravid women. As parity or gravidity increased, maternal serum hCG decreased. The median hCG MoM for nulliparous women was 1.05, compared with 0.94 MoM for para 3 women. The decrease in hCG was similar at each gestational week from 15-20. In contrast, MSAFP and MSAFP MoM were unaffected by parity. Maternal age and race were potential contributing factors to the effect of parity. However, the decrease in hCG MoM with parity was observed within each 5-year increment of maternal age. Similarly, both black and non-black populations displayed decreases in hCG with parity, although black women had a consistently higher MoM in all matched sets. The decrease in hCG MoM with parity was also observed in 50 Down syndrome cases. Correcting patient data for parity resulted in the hCG MoM changing only 2.7% on average. The detection rate for the 50 Down syndrome cases would not have changed. The decrease in maternal serum hCG with increasing parity demonstrates that pregnancy history influences the level of maternal serum hCG. Further studies are needed to define the contributing factors, but the impact of parity on Down syndrome screening appears to be small.