Impact Of Nutritional Deficiencies Research Articles

Biofortified biscuits with indigenous plants: An innovative approach to prevent stunting in early childhood

Background: Increasing human living standards is directly proportional to demands for the quality of public health. Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is ranked fifth in the world with a figure reaching 37.2%. Therefore, stunting is 1 of 5 health problems that the government is focusing on solving. This growth and development disorder is characterized by the body size of the baby/toddler below standard as well as delays in cognitive and psychomotor abilities. Stunting in children is the impact of nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy and the first 1000 days of life. Important micronutrients that have the potential to reduce the risk of stunting are iron and folic acid. The majority of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers with high school education or below tend not to pay attention to their intake of these 2 micronutrients, so deficiencies often occur. Pregnancy/breastfeeding supplements on the market are also expensive. Facts show that cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) and winged bean seeds (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) are local agricultural resources that are rich in iron and folic acid. The production of biscuits to prevent stunting from these 2 vegetable sources is certainly very promising and worth developing. The aim of writing this scientific work is to determine the right biscuit formulation so that it is suitable to be used as a biscuit to prevent stunting for the wider community. Methods: Making biscuits needs to be preceded by making cassava leaf paste and winged bean seed flour and then determining various formulations. Variations in winged bean seed flour formulation: cassava leaf paste, namely F1 (20:10), F2 (25:15), F3 (30:10). Biscuits are made using the cream method, namely mixing sugar, skim milk, margarine and egg yolks until homogeneous then adding wheat flour, winged bean seed flour, cassava leaf paste, water and leavening agent. The dough is rolled, molded and baked at 170oC for 30 minutes. Finding: after carrying out organoleptic tests to measure product quality and determine the best formulation, it turned out that F2 was the biscuit formulation that the panelists liked most. Conclusion : The development of stunting prevention biscuits from cassava leaves and winged bean seeds is a potential solution. The next step is to disseminate this product as part of a stunting prevention strategy in the community. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The use of local agricultural resources, specifically winged bean seeds and cassava leaves, to develop a nutritious and affordable biscuit aimed at preventing stunting is an innovative approach that not only addresses the chronic malnutrition problem but also supports local economies by utilizing underutilized crops.

IJCM_48A: Nutritional Challenges in Tribal Infants: The Tragic Link to Beriberi and Mortality

Background: Infant mortality is a critical public health indicator that reflects the well-being of a population. In India, infant mortality remains a poignant challenge, reflecting the nation’s diverse healthcare landscape. Despite commendable strides in recent years, infants continue to face a higher risk of mortality, influenced by a complex interplay of factors such as maternal health, socioeconomic disparities, and limited access to quality healthcare. Currently in India NNMR-24.9, IMR-35.2 (NFHS 5), As the SVYM tribal RCH program was implemented in 3 districts (Mysore, Chamarajanagar & Kodagu Districts), recorded infant mortality in this area IMR- 62.93 (during Jan to Dec 2022), higher than the national average, most of infant deaths falls under are postneonatal deaths. This abstract will spotlight the impact of infant mortality in specific contexts, such as within tribal populations, considering unique socio-cultural aspects that influence health outcomes. Objectives: Identify factors responsible for infant deaths among tribal communities under intervention areas of SVYM Methodology: Identify factors responsible for infant deaths among tribal communities under intervention areas of SVYM Results: 73% of women who experienced infant deaths were aged <25 years, 8% were illiterate and 96% depended on daily wages. 99 % of Pregnant mothers received ANC check-ups. 95 % were institutional deliveries and 5 % were home delivery. Out of 75 infant deaths, 51% were male, and 49% were female, 51(68%) were low birth weight, 22(29%) infant deaths in Hdkote & 56(75%) were in Jenu kuruba, 2(3%) in Betta kuruba & Paniya. Age of infants during death, 46(61%) infant deaths (29 days to 6 months) and 4 deaths (6 to 12 months) were postneonatal, 12(16%) were early neonatal deaths,13 (17%) were Late neonatal death. 68% of infant deaths were at Home, 32% in hospitals. 29% of babies were admitted to NICU due to various reasons like 10(48%) LBW, 4(19%) preterm & Neonatal jaundice,1(3%) breathing difficulties, and 2(10%) not drinking milk and 88% started breastfeeding within 1 hour. As per verbal autopsy before the death Infants had the following symptoms, 55.47% breathing difficulty, 28.40 % fever, and excess crying, 24.30% cold, 18.9% vomiting, 14.90% cough, and change in voice 9.5%. Based on the FGD and personal interviews found that most of the tribes depend on the government rations in these high-risk regions, which results in Poor dietary diversity, food preparation, cooking practices, and traditional post-partum food restrictions. uncertainties surrounding the identification and assessment of thiamine deficiency, due to the broad non-specific clinical manifestations, that overlap with other conditions resulting in frequent misdiagnosis and missed treatment opportunities, and secondly the lack of readily available and agreed upon biomarker analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of beriberi in tribal populations presents a pressing health concern that demands attention and targeted interventions. Remains an important public health problem where highly polished rice is the major staple food and other primary dietary sources of thiamine are in short supply. The impact of nutritional deficiency on infant mortality within these communities underscores the need for comprehensive strategies addressing both prevention and treatment. Education on nutrition, promotion of diverse and nutrient-rich diets, and accessibility to fortified foods or supplements can play pivotal roles in mitigating the risk of beriberi.

Nutrition and Dietary Intervention in Cancer: Gaps, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

The term "cancer" refers to the state in which cells in the body develop mutations and lose control over their replication. Malignant cancerous cells invade in various other tissue sites of the body. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are the first-line modalities for the majority of solid cancers. These treatments work by mitigating the DNA damage of cancerous cells, but they can also cause harm to healthy cells. These side effects might be immediate or delayed, and they can cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Dietary interventions have a profound impact on whole-body metabolism, including immunometabolism and oncometabolism which have been shown to reduce cancer growth, progression, and metastasis in many different solid tumor models with promising outcomes in early phase clinical studies. Dietary interventions can improve oncologic or quality-of-life outcomes for patients that are undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this chapter, we will focus on the impact of nutritional deficiencies, several dietary interventions and their proposed mechanisms which are used as a novel therapy in controlling and managing cancers.

Gerakan Melek Gizi dan Personal Hygiene pada Ibu Balita untuk Pengendalian Stunting di Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still higher than the global stunting problem. Banten is one of the provinces adjacent to DKI Jakarta, but the prevalence of stunting is still quite high, almost the same as the national prevalence. This program aims to improve knowledge, attitudes, and nutritional and personal hygiene practices among mothers of toddlers to control stunting. Method: The partners of this program are mothers of toddlers who attend Kindergarten Aisyiyah Legoso, Ciputat, and representatives of 17 teachers. The activities carried out include counseling and emotional demonstrations. An Emo demo is an activity to convey a simple message by touching emotions, for example, through games. Two demonstrations were carried out: 1) the impact of nutritional deficiencies on stunting and 2) puzzle games to fill toddlers' plates. Results: 76.9% of participants had good nutritional knowledge. Before being exposed to the program, more than half of the participants had a positive nutritional attitude. After being exposed to the program, most participants (84.6%) had a positive nutritional attitude, and only 15.4% had a neutral nutritional attitude. Conclusion: This program has succeeded in improving knowledge and attitudes about nutrition and personal hygiene in mothers of toddlers, which is expected to improve practices related to nutrition and personal hygiene in their toddlers, thereby helping to control stunting rates.

Factors Related to Stunting Incidence in Toddlers in the Working Area of the Waborobo Health Center, Betoambari District, Baubau City in 2023

Stunting in children is the impact of nutritional deficiencies during the first thousand days of life. This causes irreversible disturbance of the child's physical development, thus causing a decrease in cognitive and motor skills and a decrease in work performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with stunting in toddlers in the work area of the Waborobo Health Center, Betoambari District, BauBau City in 2023. The type of research used in this study was an analytic survey study by taking non-random cluster sampling using a cross-sectional study design. by using the chi-square test in the SPSS program. The population in this study was 136 people, while the sample was 99 people. The results of this study found that there was a significant relationship between energy intake (P Value = 0.011 <0.05), protein intake (P Value = 0.007 <0.05), calcium intake (P Value = 0.001 <0.05), and administration Exclusive breastfeeding (P Value = 0.001 <0.05) with stunting. The conclusions of this study show that there is a significant relationship between energy intake, protein intake, calcium intake, and exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the work area of the Waborobo Health Center, Betoambari District, BauBau City in 2023. The research suggestion is that the puskesmas needs to provide personal education to pregnant women and mothers with toddlers regarding the importance of nutritional intake during pregnancy and the toddler's growth period, as well as providing education regarding the nutritional status of toddlers, especially stunting, to the community or cadres.

Nutritional Fish Diseases in Aquaculture: A Human Health Hazard or Mythical Theory: An Overview

To consume or not to consume farmed fish diagnosed with nutritional disorders within an aquaculture culture system is a question that resonates with fisheries and aquaculture experts worldwide. Proper fish health management in aquaculture should be a critical area of concern for all fish farmers. It has become a fundamental requirement for achieving sustainable aquaculture production. However, many fish farmers, particularly in developing countries lack knowledge about nutritional fish diseases and how to effectively manage them on the farm. Like human health, farmed fish’s health in aquaculture systems should be a daily priority for fish farmers. Nutritional fish diseases are often overlooked by the majority of fish farmers, even at the commercial level. Most Fish farmers may not realize that nutritional disease prevention can be achieved through the use of well-formulated fish feeds that meet all the nutritional requirements for fish growth. Additionally, maintaining good water quality and implementing best management practices are essential to ensure that the fish stock remains healthy in the culture system. Since different fish species have varying nutritional dietary requirements, it is important to formulate the right nutritional diet based on the specific fish species being cultured. Fish feeds should contain the necessary nutrients to ensure opportunistic disease resistance. Furthermore, fish farmers should be familiar with early diagnosis techniques for nutritional fish disease disorders. This ensures that the harvested fish reaching the market does not raise concerns about the quality and safety of farmed fish products. Failure to diagnose nutritional disorders associated with poor feeds and diets can create doubts in the rapidly growing aquaculture industry. Therefore, this review aims to explore the nutritional requirements of farmed fish species, the impact of nutritional deficiencies on human and public health, the causes of nutritional disorders, and viable therapies for managing these diseases in farmed fish. The data for this review article were collected from various secondary sources, including internationally reputable peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings reports, internet searches, and more. The findings highlight the importance of providing aquaculture farmers with essential information on fish nutrition-related disease control, as nutritional diseases have been found to be detrimental to fish health and public health. Moreover, many farmed fish affected by nutritional disorders have entered the global fish market, raising questions about their impact on human health. Therefore, it is crucial for fish farmers to prioritize early diagnosis of nutritional fish diseases to ensure the safety of farmed fish in the market and maintain consumer confidence in farmed fish globally. The study recommends further research into the potentially lethal effects of different nutritional fish diseases, particularly when consumed in large quantities and to the environment especially when dead fish is discarded in the backwaters of an aquatic ecosystem.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STUNTING INCIDENCE IN TODDLERS IN NORTH KALIMANTAN

Stunting is a condition where the height index for age is below minus 2 standard deviations based on WHO standards. Stunting is caused by the impact of nutritional deficiencies during the first thousand days of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in children aged 9-59 months. The type of this research is quantitative, observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. A total of 120 samples were selected by simple random sampling. This research was conducted from August to September 2021. Data was collected by measuring height, interviews and filling out questionnaires. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of stunting was 44,2% and normal was 55,8%. The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant relationship between early complementary feeding, water sources, and place of residence with the incidence of stunting. This study suggests that the government, health agencies, communities and related parties collaborate to implement government policies to reduce the risk of stunting. For health education, it is recommended to be involved in providing health education in the form of counseling that can prevent stunting.

Modified Dietetic Skim And Cotton Sheet Oil Dan Susu Formula 75 Terhadap Berat Badan Anak Balita Gizi Kurang


 Children under five are a group that is prone to malnutrition because they are still experiencing a growth cycle, a development that requires more nutrients than other age groups. The impact of nutritional deficiencies; low body resistance, the body is susceptible to infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of giving modified dietetic skim and cotton sheet oil (MODISCO) and Formula-75 milk to increase body weight of malnourished children in Puskesmas Waigete, Sikka Regency. The type of research used is Quasy experimental pretest and posttest design. The population of this research was 181 underweight children with malnutrition. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The sample of this study was 24 underweight children with malnutrition, divided into 2 (two), namely group A was given MODISCO intervention and group B was given Formula-75 milk. The intervention was given once a day for 1 month at a dose of 150 kcal / kgbb / day for MODISCO and 1000 ml per day for 75 formula milk. Data analysis used Paired t-Test and Independent Samples Test. Paired T-Test analysis, groups A and B obtained P-value (0.000) <0.05, it was concluded that there was an increase in body weight after being given MODISCO and Formula-75 milk. Based on the analysis of the Independent Samples Test, groups A and B obtained a P-value (0.876)> 0.05, it was concluded that there was no difference in body weight for under-nourished toddlers who were given MODISCO and Formula-75 milk. There is no difference in body weight of malnourished underweight children in group A and group B, so it is concluded that MODISCO and Formula-75 milk can increase the weight of malnourished children underweight. The results of this study are an additional intervention to increase the weight of children under malnutrition.

Impact of Nutritional Deficiencies on Children and Young Adults with Crohn's Disease Undergoing Intraabdominal Surgery

PurposeWe examined the impact of comorbidities on length of stay and total hospital charges for children and young adults with Crohn's Disease (CD) undergoing surgery. MethodsPatients (<21 years) were identified with a diagnosis of CD and an intraabdominal surgery in the Kids' Inpatient Database for the years 2006, 2009 and 2012. Length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges (THC; USD$) were stratified by anemia, anxiety, depression and nutritional deficiency. National estimates were obtained using case weighting and multivariable linear regression was performed. ResultsWe identified 3224 CD admissions with an intraabdominal surgery. The population was predominantly male, non-Hispanic white, and high school aged. There was an increase in LOS and THC for nutritional deficiency in all study years, and for depression and anemia in specific years. Multivariable linear regression revealed a 3.3–5.5 day increase in LOS associated with a comorbid diagnosis of nutritional deficiency. However, no increase in THC was seen for any comorbidity under evaluation. ConclusionsBehavioral health and, particularly, nutritional status have a significant impact on the care of children and young adults with CD. Nutritional deficiency, anemia, and depression resulted in increased LOS for those undergoing surgery. Improved presurgical management of comorbidities may reduce LOS for these patients. Level of evidenceIII.

Maternal nutritional restriction during gestation impacts differently on offspring muscular and elastic arteries and is associated with increased carotid resistance and ventricular afterload in maturity.

Intrauterine undernutrition could impact offspring left ventricle (LV) afterload and arterial function. The changes observed in adulthood could differ depending on the arterial type, pathway and properties studied. Aim: To analyze whether undernutrition during early and mid-gestation is associated with changes in cardiovascular properties in adulthood. Pregnant ewes were assigned to one of the two treatment groups: (1) standard nutritional offer (high pasture-allowance, HPA; n = 16) or (2) nutritional restriction (50-75% of control intake) from before conception until day 122 of gestation (≈85% term) (low pasture allowance, LPA; n = 17). When offspring reached adult life, cardiovascular parameters were assessed in conscious animals (applanation tonometry, vascular echography). Peripheral and aortic pressure, carotid and femoral arteries diameters, intima-media thickness and stiffness, blood flow, local and regional resistances and LV afterload were measured. Blood samples were collected. Parameters were compared before and after adjustment for nutritional characteristics at birth and at the time of the cardiovascular evaluation. Doppler-derived cerebral vascular resistances, mean pressure/flow ratio (carotid resistance) and afterload indexes were higher in descendants from LPA than in descendants from HPA ewes (p < 0.05). Descendants from LPA had lower femoral diameters (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular changes associated with nutritional restriction during pregnancy did not depend on the offsprings' nutritional conditions at birth and/or in adult life. Pregnant ewes that experienced undernutrition gave birth to female offspring that exhibited increased carotid pathway resistances (cerebral microcirculatory resistances) and LV afterload when they reached the age of 2.5 years. There were differences in the impact of nutritional deficiency on elastic and muscular arteries.

Impact of nutritional deficiency on Yellow Sigatoka of banana

The objective of this work was to assess the incidence of Yellow Sigatoka in banana plants cultivated with deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur or boron. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 8 treatments, 4 repetitions and 1 plant per repetition. The treatments were supplied in solution culture and consisted of all the nutrients (control) or nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S) or boron (B) deficiency. Leaves 1 and 2 were inoculated on the abaxial surface with a suspension of conidia and assessed every 5 days to with a total of 5 assessments. The average number of lesions were integrated for the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The greatest AUDPC occurred in plants deficient in K, N, P, S, or Mg. Plants deficient in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S or B had lower leaf contents of these nutrients and showed morphological changes expressed in visual deficiency symptoms. Thus, banana plants deficient in K, N, P, S or Mg had a greater incidence of Yellow Sigatoka, compared with plants with full nutrients and plants deficient Ca or B.

Management of osteoporosis of the oldest old.

This consensus article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in geriatric populations. Specifically, it reviews the risk assessment and intervention thresholds, the impact of nutritional deficiencies, fall prevention strategies, pharmacological treatments and their safety considerations, the risks of sub-optimal treatment adherence and strategies for its improvement. This consensus article reviews the therapeutic strategies and management options for the treatment of osteoporosis of the oldest old. This vulnerable segment (persons over 80 years of age) stands to gain substantially from effective anti-osteoporosis treatment, but the under-prescription of these treatments is frequent. This report is the result of an ESCEO (European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis) expert working group, which explores some of the reasons for this and presents the arguments to counter these beliefs. The risk assessment of older individuals is briefly reviewed along with the differences between some intervention guidelines. The current evidence on the impact of nutritional deficiencies (i.e. calcium, protein and vitamin D) is presented, as are strategies to prevent falls. One possible reason for the under-prescription of pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in the oldest old is the perception that anti-fracture efficacy requires long-term treatment. However, a review of the data shows convincing anti-fracture efficacy already by 12 months. The safety profiles of these pharmacological agents are generally satisfactory in this patient segment provided a few precautions are followed. These patients should be considered for particular consultation/follow-up procedures in the effort to convince on the benefits of treatment and to allay fears of adverse drug reactions, since poor adherence is a major problem for the success of a strategy for osteoporosis and limits cost-effectiveness.

Impact of nutritional deficiencies on resistance to experimental pulmonary tuberculosis.

Impact of nutritional deficiencies on resistance to experimental pulmonary tuberculosis.

Folate, the methionine cycle, and Alzheimer's disease

“Folate. . . its not just for women anymore!” This was the witty comment made by one of my (female) administrators several years ago after viewing my presentation about the role of folate deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease. For those of you who may not be aware, this statement was both a take-off of a current US television advertisement having nothing to do with folate or nutrition, coupled with the extent of common knowledge back then: i.e., that folate was very important for women during pregnancy for proper fetal development. And, indeed, that was about it, or so we thought back then. Alzheimer’s disease has a multifactoral etiology, encompassing genetic and nutritional risk factors, and no single risk factor can account for all cases. So where does that leave us? Perhaps with the realization that clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease may derive from, and perhaps more importantly be obligatorily dependent upon, the convergence of two or more risk factors. Herein lies at least one difficulty: A genetic predisposition may remain latent pending an age-related critical decline in nutrition. This has confounded the linkage of nutrition to Alzheimer’s disease, since contributing nutritional deficiencies may remain undetected, and, even if considered, may not receive sufficient attention if they are benign in isolation. Ironically, Reye-Engel and colleagues [3] demonstrate that the now-routine prevention of overt developmental abnormalities by bolstering consumption of folate during pregnancy has fostered a marked increase in (phenotypically) normal individuals that carry deficient polymorphisms in methylene tetra-hydrofolate reductase (which utilizes folate to remethylate homocysteine). This transient nutritional supplementation may therefore actually increase the number of individuals harboring a latent genetic risk towards Alzheimer’s disease that may manifest late in life, especially when coupled with an age-related declne in folate consumption. I recall the first time I applied for funding in this area to the Alzheimer’s Assocition in the late 90’s. I proposed to investigate potentiation by folate deficiency of genetic predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease. One of the reviewers stated, “There is no evidence that folate deprivation has anything to do with Alzheimer’s disease.” I kept at it, however, and revised and resubmitted. . . twice. . . Some three years later, the third submission of this twice-modified grant proposal was met with the comment “Everyone knows that folate deficiency promotes Alzheimer’s disease.” This was just one reflection of how fast our knowledge advanced on the impact of nutritional deficiencies on neurodegeneration. Yet, even while folate deficiency and increased homocysteine have become recognized as cofactors in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, further intricacies of the impact of perturbations in the methionine cycle on Alzheimer’s disease continue to be reported. Recent findings from Scarpa and colleagues and our own laboratory demonstrate that a deficiency in S-adenosyl methionine (SAM or “SAMe”), which rapidly declines as a consequence of dietary or genetic folate deficiency, fosters overexpression of otherwise normal presenilin-1, leading to increased gammasecretase activity and Aβ generation [2], virtually crip-