Impact Of Gentrification Research Articles

Gentrified Humanities? An analysis of the main trends in the Scopus database

The present bibliometric study examines the evolution and impact of gentrification within the humanities field. Using the Scopus and Lens databases, and through the VOSviewer software, documents, citations, areas and types of publication, keyword co-occurrence, and geographical distribution related to gentrification were analyzed. The results indicate a predominant concentration of research in Europe and North America, highlighting the need to geographically diversify the academic focus. Furthermore, an increasing thematic diversity and an interdisciplinary approach in the studies were observed, expanding the understanding of the phenomenon beyond its economic and social impacts to include cultural and identity aspects. The study also identified key works that have significantly shaped the academic discourse on gentrification in the humanities, highlighting established and emerging areas of study. These findings emphasize the importance of expanding bibliometric research to address gaps and foster a more complete understanding of the impact of gentrification.Keywords: Cultural impact, Community displacement, Urban transformation, Identity and gentrification, Socioeconomic dynamics

Healthy ageing in a gentrified city: perspectives of older adults from Porto

Abstract Background Neighbourhood transformations like gentrification can affect health outcomes. Gentrification is understood as a set of processes of sociospatial change driven by investments in the built environment oriented to the preferences of affluent people. However, little is known about the impact of gentrification on older adults. We aimed to understand how older people perceive gentrification how it relates to healthy ageing. Methods This qualitative study, conducted in 2022, was based on nineteen semi-structured interviews of older adults (≥60 years) from the EPIPorto cohort living in Porto, a hotspot of gentrification. Individuals were selected through purposive sampling based on four features: sex, education, homeownership, and area of residence. Inductive thematic analysis was performed using NVivo. Results Most respondents identified changes in the physical environment and how it is used due to gentrification, namely concerning green and leisure spaces, food and beverages outlets, housing and commerce. It was also mentioned that gentrification leads to a shortage of affordable housing and weakens social cohesion. Participants described that changes in the physical environment due to gentrification can contribute positively to their well-being, while others admitted a higher cost of living and increased vulnerability to worse mental health. Yet, some interviewees revealed little or no influence of gentrification on healthy ageing. Conclusions Gentrification has dual and disparate effects on older adult's health and well-being. Policies should maximize the health benefits of gentrification, while protecting citizens from the negative effects. Key messages • Considering people’s perspectives on gentrification and healthy ageing is essential to plan age-friendly cities and achieving better health outcomes.

Lesbutantes, Guerilla Queers, and Dyke Nights: Transgressing Heteronormative Borders and the Folklore of Queer Resistance

Abstract: Recent publications have lamented the death of lesbian bars and the absence of distinct urban gayborhoods. The Lesbian Bar Project points out that there are just fifteen lesbian bars left in the United States as of 2021. The rise of social-sexual mobile applications, the impact of gentrification, and a cultural shift in attitudes surrounding acceptance have all contributed to the decline of dedicated lesbian spaces. Comparing the popularity and availability of mobile applications and social-sexual outlets for gay men, such as Grindr, with those designed for queer women—as well as new and unique queer pop-up events, social media forums, and networking opportunities—reveals the ways queer women are subverting authority, resisting changes, and disrupting space through shared practices and experiences. New opportunities and sites for queer spatial resistance have emerged and mobile applications like Meetup facilitate the literal takeover of popular urban spaces. Though technology may have reterritorialized certain sexual geographies for the lesbian community, this essay shows how queer practices are now informing place in ways that assert a queer spatial justice.

Lesbutantes, Guerilla Queers, and Dyke Nights: Transgressing Heteronormative Borders and the Folklore of Queer Resistance

Abstract: Recent publications have lamented the death of lesbian bars and the absence of distinct urban gayborhoods. The Lesbian Bar Project points out that there are just fifteen lesbian bars left in the United States as of 2021. The rise of social-sexual mobile applications, the impact of gentrification, and a cultural shift in attitudes surrounding acceptance have all contributed to the decline of dedicated lesbian spaces. Comparing the popularity and availability of mobile applications and social-sexual outlets for gay men, such as Grindr, with those designed for queer women—as well as new and unique queer pop-up events, social media forums, and networking opportunities—reveals the ways queer women are subverting authority, resisting changes, and disrupting space through shared practices and experiences. New opportunities and sites for queer spatial resistance have emerged and mobile applications like Meetup facilitate the literal takeover of popular urban spaces. Though technology may have reterritorialized certain sexual geographies for the lesbian community, this essay shows how queer practices are now informing place in ways that assert a queer spatial justice.

It’s So Ridiculously Soulless: Geolocative Media, Place And Third Wave Gentrification

The impact of gentrification in cities is well established. The continuous evolution in geolocation and social media is intensifying the contest between competing stakeholder claims to authenticity about gentrifying places. In this article, we examine the way that different geolocative social media define a struggle over the rights to authenticity in a rapidly gentrifying neighborhood in Brisbane, Australia. Local voices are often submerged by the voices of commercial imperative, particularly when the rent gap in gentrifying neighborhoods begins to attract abstract capital with a vested interest in commodifying local culture. We use Instagram and Facebook to critically examine how the hegemonic influence of social media can construct a gentrifying neighborhood in immaterial space and argue that these constructions work to eradicate the complex array of communities that comprise this neighborhood in material space.

The Influence of Gentrification and Murders by Youths

Research shows that gentrification influences crime. However, there are no quantitative studies on gentrification’s impact on juvenile offending. This paper begins to fill this gap by examining the impact of gentrification on homicides by juveniles. To do this, we use Block, Block, and Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority’s data on Chicago Homicides from 1965 through 1995. We couple these data with historical census data to create a dataset of victims killed by juveniles within gentrified and non-gentrified census tracts. We employ a pooled, longitudinal Poisson regression model. Our findings indicate that gentrification is moderately and negatively associated with people killed by juveniles.

Impact of gentrification on asthma visits to the emergency department

Impact of gentrification on asthma visits to the emergency department

Gentrified Discipline: The Impact of Gentrification on Exclusionary Punishment in Public Schools

Abstract This study examines the effects of gentrification on exclusionary punishment in urban schools across the United States. Integrating longitudinal data from the National Center for Education Statistics, the Civil Rights Data Collection, the U.S. Census, and the American Community Survey, this study estimates the effects of gentrification on suspensions, expulsions, law enforcement referrals, and school arrests through a series of negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that gentrification does not have broad or striking influences on school disciplinary environments overall, but it does promote modest increases in out-of-school suspensions as well as racial disparities in suspensions. Little evidence is found that effects vary by sex, grade level, or school racial composition. A battery of sensitivity analyses suggests that overall findings are generally robust to the presence of unobserved confounding and are broadly consistent across alternative model specifications and different measures of gentrification.

Perceived Impact of Gentrification on Health and Well-Being: Exploring Social Capital and Coping Strategies in Gentrifying Neighborhoods

Despite its positive aspects, gentrification has been criticized for displacing the longtime low-income minorities. This study examined the role of social capital and community activism through the ecosocial, politico-ecological, and structuralist lens to explore the perceived impact of gentrification on residents’ health and well-being. A key informant interview (KII = 1) and in-depth interviews (IDI = 9) were conducted between June and October; the participants were recruited from those partaking in a Neighborhood and Health survey in Austin, Texas, during summer of 2020. Several themes related to environmental stress and weak neighborhood interest emerged deductively, and other themes emerged inductively. Participants acknowledged that gentrification brings attention to the physical environment in terms of basic amenities that could improve well-being; they equally felt that displacement and increased property tax could be a source of stress to longtime residents, particularly older residents. These findings can help local governments and policymakers develop related policies and projects to better support citizens’ health and well-being, especially those facing uncertainties due to urban renewal.

Nowcasting Gentrification Using Airbnb Data

There is a rumbling debate over the impact of gentrification: presumed gentrifiers have been the target of protests and attacks in some cities, while they have been welcome as generators of new jobs and taxes in others. Census data fails to measure neighborhood change in real-time since it is usually updated every ten years. This work shows that Airbnb data can be used to quantify and track neighborhood changes. Specifically, we consider both structured data (e.g., number of listings, number of reviews, listing information) and unstructured data (e.g., user-generated reviews processed with natural language processing and machine learning algorithms) for three major cities, New York City (US), Los Angeles (US), and Greater London (UK). We find that Airbnb data (especially its unstructured part) appears to nowcast neighborhood gentrification, measured as changes in housing affordability and demographics. Overall, our results suggest that user-generated data from online platforms can be used to create socioeconomic indices to complement traditional measures that are less granular, not in real-time, and more costly to obtain.

Professionalisation of short-term rentals and emergent tourism gentrification in post-crisis Thessaloniki

This paper contributes to research on short-term rentals (STRs), their suppliers and their impact on housing and the local community, focusing on Thessaloniki, a recessionary city off the tourist map until recently. Through the conduction of in-depth interviews with hosts and other key informants, and the analysis of quantitative data on Airbnb listings, I argue that: (1) far from enabling a sharing economy, Airbnb facilitates (re)investment in housing by different types of hosts. But investors outcompete amateur hosts and contribute to the professionalisation of STRs and the concentration of revenues. (2) the extraction of higher rents through STRs leads to the displacement of tenants and to gentrification in cities previously considered as ungentrifiable, driven by increased tourism and the short-term character of these rentals. However, the type and scale of investors involved, and the impact of gentrification are conditioned by contextual differences and the position of cities in the international competition to attract tourists.

Gentrification versus structure relocation – how can we preserve a city’s cultural heritage?

A number of cities are currently experiencing gentrification at various stages and intensities. Gentrification is a powerful force for economic change, but it is often accompanied by unnecessary demolition of historic buildings that are not included in the monuments registers. This article describes how to identify an area that could potentially undergo or has already undergone gentrification, using the example of the Piasek district in Krakow. It explains how gentrification has intensified in this district since the 1990s. The article also discusses the possibilities of reducing the destructive impact of gentrification on urban space by relocation of a historical building that was initially slated for demolition due to the ongoing gentrification of the area.

Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review.

Neighborhoods have a profound impact on individual health. There is growing interest in the role of dynamic changes to neighborhoods–including gentrification–on the health of residents. However, research on the association between gentrification and health is limited, partly due to the numerous definitions used to define gentrification. This article presents a systematic review of the current state of literature describing the association between gentrification and health. In addition, it provides a novel framework for addressing important next steps in this research. A total of 1393 unique articles were identified, 122 abstracts were reviewed, and 36 articles published from 2007–2020 were included. Of the 36 articles, 9 were qualitative, 24 were quantitative, and 3 were review papers. There was no universally accepted definition of gentrification; definitions often used socioeconomic variables describing demographics, housing, education, and income. Health outcomes associated with gentrification included self-reported health, preterm birth, mental health conditions, alcohol use, psychosocial factors, and health care utilization, though the direction of this association varied. The results of this review also suggest that the impact of gentrification on health is not uniform across populations. For example, marginalized populations, such as Black residents and the elderly, were impacted more than White and younger residents. In addition, we identified multiples gaps in the research, including the need for a conceptual model, future mechanistic studies, and interventions.

Abstract MP05: Impact of Gentrification on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes in England: 2004-2018

Introduction: Dynamic changes to neighborhoods due to forces such as gentrification impact the health of residents. Much of this research has been conducted within the United States, where racial disparities and access to healthcare impact risk for health outcomes. Internationally, other factors may play a more prominent role in the association between gentrification and cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. Hypothesis: Residents living in gentrified vs. non-gentrified neighborhoods will have lower odds of diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We defined gentrification using changes in domains of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) at the level of the Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA) in England from 2004-2010. We used all IMD domains (income, employment, education, crime, barriers to housing, and living environment), except the health domain, from 2004 and 2010 to define LSOA deprivation. The IMD for each LSOA was standardized to the mean IMD of England using z-scores. LSOAs were eligible to be gentrified if they had a positive z-score in 2004 and were considered to gentrify if they had a negative change in the transformed IMD from 2004 to 2010. We linked these data to individual participants in the Understanding Society Study (USS). The USS is a nationally representative cohort study of 60,000 United Kingdom residents started in 2009 with follow-up ongoing. We limited the analysis to residents in England who lived in top and bottom 25% deprived LSOAs (n=8782). We used multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio for self-reported DM, HTN, depression, and CVD in residents in neighborhoods that did and did not gentrify, adjusting for race, sex, length of residence (LOR), baseline IMD score, and baseline prevalence of health conditions. Results were stratified by age (<65 & >=65 years) and median LOR (<13 & >=13 years). Results: At baseline, 8782 participants had a median age of 43 years, 4% were black and 55% were female. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of DM, HTN, depression, or CVD at baseline. At follow-up, overall, there were no significant difference in the odds of DM, HTN, or CVD between residents living in gentrified vs. non-gentrified neighborhoods. Residents in neighborhoods that gentrified had a 39% lower odds of depression as compared to participants living in neighborhoods that did not gentrify (p=0.01). Results were not significantly modified by age or length of residence. Conclusions: Residents living in gentrified neighborhoods did not have differential risk for most CVD risk factors and outcomes as compared to residents living in neighborhoods that did not gentrify. However, the impact of gentrification on health is not uniform across all conditions. The positive health impact seen may suggest gentrification increases access to resources not present prior to gentrification.

Impact of gentrification on the refugee community

Any development project of a neighbourhood that leads to the forceful and involuntary relocation of existing residents is unjust and contrary to God's desire for life in its fullness and human flourishing. This paper looks at the lived experiences of African refugees in the socially and spatially polarised South African cities as they attempt to find space for themselves and for their businesses in order to survive. The paper provides insights on the notion of plurality and urban public space by taking into consideration the practice of gentrification in South Africa vis-a-vis the wellbeing of displaced communities. From the analysis of data gathered, gentrification accentuates socio-spatial polarisation and residential segregation in major South African cities, which calls for the need to de-gentrify urban cities for the sake of holistic community transformation. This is evidenced in the hopelessness and the helplessness of displaced communities as well as the quality of life they lead. De-gentrifying the previously gentrified space could lead to the transformation that communities need. The way gentrification is practiced in South Africa does not promote social cohesion or lead to holistic transformation. Rather, it reinforces social exclusion and holds back people's hope for improved wellbeing.

Impact of gentrification on adult mental health

To estimate the net effect of living in a gentrified neighborhood on probability of having serious psychological distress. We pooled 5years of secondary data from the California Health Interview Survey (2011-2015) and focused on southern California residents. We compared adults (n=43815) living in low-income and gentrified, low-income and not gentrified, middle- to high-income and upscaled, and middle- to high-income and not upscaled neighborhoods. We performed a probit regression to test whether living in a gentrified neighborhood increased residents' probabilities of having serious psychological distress in the past year and stratified analyses by neighborhood tenure, homeownership status, and low-income status. Instrumental variables estimation and propensity scores were applied to reduce bias arising from residential selection and simultaneity. An endogenous treatment effects model was also applied in sensitivity analyses. Adults who completed the survey on their own and lived in urban neighborhoods with 500 or more residents were selected for analyses. Survey respondents who scored 13 and above on the Kessler 6 were categorized as having serious psychological distress in the past year. We used eight neighborhood change measures to classify respondents' neighborhoods. Living in a gentrified and upscaled neighborhood was associated with increased likelihood of serious psychological distress relative to living in a low-income and not gentrified neighborhood. The average treatment effect was 0.0141 (standard error=0.007), which indicates that the prevalence of serious psychological distress would have been 1.4 percentage points less if none of the respondents lived in gentrified neighborhoods. Gentrification appears to have a negative impact on the mental health of renters, low-income residents, and long-term residents. This effect was not observed among homeowners, higher-income residents, and recent residents. Gentrification levies mental health costs on financially vulnerable community members and can worsen mental health inequities.

Gentrification, Land Use, and Crime

Over the past twenty years, many US cities have seen urban revitalization and population changes associated with an increased desire for urban living among the affluent. As inner-city neighborhoods become gentrified, they are more likely to witness the construction of new buildings and homes, the conversion of industrial spaces to mixed-used developments, expanded access to mass transit, and the arrival of coffee shops and other urban amenities. In this review, we take stock of what is known about the impact of gentrification and land-use changes on neighborhood crime. We summarize research conducted since the period of urban revitalization that started in the 1990s as well as studies that have a quasi-experimental design. We find that gentrification and associated changes to land use tend to reduce crime in neighborhoods. Our findings are tempered by the need for greater conceptual clarity on how to measure when a neighborhood has gentrified and a clearer examination of the spatial displacement of crime. We conclude with a discussion on the need for criminologists to partner with urban planners to study how changes in the land use of cities can be made to generate crime reductions that benefit all places and, finally, detail some promising directions for future research.

예술인들의 창작활동에 미치는 젠트리피케이션 연구 : 대안제시를 중심으로

예술인들의 창작활동에 미치는 젠트리피케이션 연구 : 대안제시를 중심으로

Beyond Housing: Perceptions of Indirect Displacement, Displacement Risk, and Aging Precarity as Challenges to Aging in Place in Gentrifying Cities.

Neighborhoods within age-friendly cities and communities are an important factor in shaping the everyday lives of older adults. Yet, less is known about how neighborhoods experiencing change influence the ability to age in place. One type of rapid neighborhood change occurring across major cities nationally and globally is gentrification, a process whereby the culture of an existing neighborhood changes through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses. Few studies have considered the impact of gentrification on older adults, who are among the most vulnerable to economic and social pressures that often accompany gentrification. The current study explores one consequence of gentrification, indirect displacement. While gentrification-induced displacement can refer to the physical (e.g., direct) displacement of residents moving out of a neighborhood due to rising housing costs, it also references the replacement of the unique character and social identity of a neighborhood (e.g., indirect displacement). We examine perceptions of the latter, characterized by perceived cultural shifts and housing concerns among adults aging in place in a gentrifying neighborhood in New York City. The implications of indirect displacement for displacement risk and aging precarity are discussed as potential threats to aging in place in age-friendly cities.

Abstract 017: Impact of Gentrification on Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance Using Data from the Electronic Health Record

Introduction: Current static approaches of CVD surveillance may not capture the true health of neighborhoods as the influx of younger, healthier, and wealthier individuals (i.e., gentrification) can impact long term residents (LTR) who can be older and of lower socioeconomic status (SES), potentially biasing prevalence estimates. Hypothesis: LTR in gentrifying vs. LTR in non-gentrifying neighborhoods will have a lower prevalence of CVD related conditions. Methods: We quantified the census tract prevalence of diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), obesity, and CVD (myocardial infarction or stroke hospitalization) using electronic health record (EHR) data from the Duke Health System and Lincoln Community Health Center from 2008-2010 and 2014-2016. The EHR population was 116,760 patients living in Durham County in 2008 followed until 12/31/16. LTR were patients with the same 2010 and 2015 address; patients moving in/out (i.e., movers) did not have a recorded address in 2010 or 2015. A census tract was defined as gentrifying if 3 of 4 SES indicators (positive z-score for median household income, median rental price, % with bachelor’s degree, or a negative z-score for % living below the poverty line) improved. In difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis, we compared changes in prevalence of CVD health indicators between LTR in gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods. Results: At baseline, patients had a median age of 43 years, 42% were black and 61% were female. The overall prevalence of DM, HTN, obesity, and CVD was 12%, 32%, 19%, and 5% in 2010 & 14%, 31%, 32%, and 7% in 2016. The prevalence increased in gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods over time and was higher in LTR than comparable movers. Estimates from DiD models were not statistically significant (Figure 1). Conclusions: LTR vs. movers and not gentrification impacted the surveillance of CVD health indicators. Novel public health informatics methods are needed to address dynamic changes in neighborhoods that may bias the enumeration of CVD health indicators.