Impact Of COVID-19 Lockdown Research Articles

A catastrophic threat to the already vulnerable towards 2030: Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on livelihood outcome of informal cross border traders in Gweru, Zimbabwe.

Informal cross-border trade (ICBT) is one significant part of intra-Sub-Saharan African (SSA) trade. This economic activity goes a long way in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, by providing employment in poor communities, and thus helps in poverty reduction by providing a significant contribution of income into households. For these reasons any disturbance to ICBT in SSA is a serious threat, since it affects the most vulnerable groups of societies. This research examines the impact of COVID-19 on the livelihood outcome of informal cross border traders (ICBTs) in Gweru, Zimbabwe using the case of Global Village Flea Market. The case study design was used, employing qualitative data collection techniques. This research design was chosen as it enabled generation of in-depth understanding of what actually transpired on the ground during the lockdown period. The main sources of data were in-depth interviews with the ICBTs and owner of the flea market. Thirty three ICBTs were selected at the flea market using convenience sampling technique. Results revealed that COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on ICBTs livelihood outcome by causing the global economic retreat of nations, shutting down of borders, shutting down business operations and social contact. There were challenges in acquiring income during this COVID-19 lockdown period since the traders were not allowed to go to work and this presented difficulties in the quest to achieve SDGs 1 and 2 by 2030. Their situation was further worsened by rise in prices of basic commodities which occurred during the lockdown when they were not operating and also by lack of assistance from the government. Sixty one percent (61%) of the respondents who had few savings from the business, that were meant to purchase new stock, had to use these to buy food and pay rentals during the lockdown period. This meant that they no longer had capital to purchase new stock when business resumed. The study recommends the government to provide assistance to ICBTs during the occurrence of such pandemics or situations that result in lockdown of nations.

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on People’s Mobility and Water Quality of Siak River, Indonesia

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on People’s Mobility and Water Quality of Siak River, Indonesia

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on children with type 1 diabetes and their families in Al-Madinah

Background: Control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children is very difficult due to non-adherence to therapy. Children with T1DM appear to have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression than their healthy peers in regular situations, which is likely due to the challenges given by their medical illnesses. This study aimed at assessing the effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown on children with T1DM in the Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia regarding their adherence to medications, effects on lifestyle, and development of diabetic complications. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted using a questionnaire filled out by parents that were distributed through the WhatsApp group for parents of children with T1DM receiving regular follow-up at the Maternity and Children's Hospital. The questionnaire assessed the children's adherence to medication and healthy lifestyles before and during the lockdown. Results: A total of 200 children with T1DM were included in the study, 117 females and 83 males. In terms of the average duration of diabetes, 103 of the participants (51.5%) had diabetes for between 1 and 5 years. There was a significant change in adherence to medication and healthy lifestyle before and during lockdown (14.74 ± 3.09 vs. 14.35 ± 3.24) (p = 0.044). A significant difference (p < 0.001) in the average daily blood glucose before and during the quarantine was also observed (208.95 ± 61.71 mg/dl vs. 231.38 ± 73.83 mg/dl). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown had a significantly negative impact on children with T1DM.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among secondary schoolgirls in Kenya

IntroductionSecondary school closures aimed at limiting the number of infections and deaths due to COVID-19 may have amplified the negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and schooling outcomes of vulnerable...

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Wellbeing of Staff and Students in our Schools

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Wellbeing of Staff and Students in our Schools

The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on mood, quality of life, and immune fitness of individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing

The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on mood, quality of life, and immune fitness of individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on substance availability, accessibility, pricing, and quality: A multicenter study from India.

Pandemic and consequent lockdowns are likely to affect the drug market by the sudden disruption of the supply chain. We explored the change in the availability, access, purity, and pricing during lockdown from respondents seeking treatment for drugs, alcohol, and tobacco dependence. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 404 respondents from seven treatment centers across India. A structured questionnaire assessed the change in availability, access, quality, and price of substances used during the first phase (March 24-April 14) and the second phase (April 15-May 3) of lockdown. A majority of the respondents in treatment used tobacco (63%) and alcohol (52%). Relatively few respondents used opioids (45%) or cannabis (5%). Heroin (44%) was the most common opioid the respondents were treated for. Seventy-five percent, 65%, and 60% of respondents treated for alcohol, tobacco, and opioid problems, respectively, reported a reduction in the availability and access during the first phase of the lockdown. In the second phase, respondents with alcohol and tobacco dependence reported greater availability than those with opioid and cannabis dependence. The reported price of all substances increased more than 50% during the first phase of lockdown and remained higher throughout the second phase. Deterioration in purity was reported by more than half of the people who used opioid. Lockdown could have affected both licit and illicit drug markets, albeit to a varying degree. The observed changes seemed short-lasting, as suggested by the recovering trends during the second phase of lockdown.

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Youth Relationships with Nature: A Socio-Spatial Perspective

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Youth Relationships with Nature: A Socio-Spatial Perspective

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on food habits, appetite and body weight in Tunisian adults

Abstract Tunisia recorded the highest rate of COVID-19 positive cases and deaths in Africa but no studies assessed the impact of the pandemic on eating patterns as in the case of several countries. The objective of the present study was to investigate the perception of changes in food habits, appetite and body weight in Tunisian adults of both genders aged 20–74 years old. A cross-sectional study has been carried out with a non-probabilistic sampling method based on an online self-administered survey. Of overall 1082 adults included in the study, 57⋅8 % reported a change in their eating habits: 21⋅2 % an increase in their consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, pulses, pasta and bread, while 36⋅6 % an increase of homemade cakes and biscuits, sweets, processed meat, sugary drinks and alcoholic drinks. In addition, tea, coffee and herbal tea have been reported as excessively consumed during the lockdown period. More than half experienced appetite variations (34⋅6 % increased appetite and 23⋅0 % appetite loss). Inequality detrimental to women was reported regarding eating habit changes (women consumed more unhealthier foods than men). Elderly subjects (over 60 years) were less likely to negatively change food habits in comparison with young adults (20–25 years), while ungraduated respondents were more prone to negatively change their food habits. Almost half reported weight gain. As the negative influence of the lockdown period on eating habits with the increase of obesity risk has been detected, health policy may be advised to focus on using mass media campaigns to promote healthy eating habits, in particular for illiterate and young people.

Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Prices of Goods and Services in Uganda

Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Prices of Goods and Services in Uganda

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on movement behaviours of children and adolescents: a systematic review

IntroductionSeveral studies have examined how the lockdown restrictions enforced to halt the spread of COVID-19 have affected children and adolescents’ movement behaviours, but there is a need to synthesise these...

A cross-sectional online survey of an impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smartphone addiction and nomophobia among undergraduate health sciences students of a rural tertiary health-care center from Maharashtra, India

A cross-sectional online survey of an impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smartphone addiction and nomophobia among undergraduate health sciences students of a rural tertiary health-care center from Maharashtra, India

Statistical assessment of spatio-temporal impact of Covid-19 lockdown on air pollution using different modelling approaches in India, 2019-2020

One of the main contributors to air pollution is particulate matter (PMxy), which causes several COVID-19 related diseases such as respiratory problems and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the spatial and temporal trend analysis of particulate matter and the mass concentration of all aerosol particles less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) has become critical to control the risk factors of co-morbidity of a patient. Lockdown plays a significant role in maintaining COVID-19 cases as well as air pollution, including particulate matter. This study aims to analyse the effect of the lockdown on controlling air pollution in metropolitan cities in India through various statistical modelling approaches. Most research articles in the literature assume a linear relationship between responses and covariates and take independent and identically distributed error terms in the model, which may not be appropriate for analysing such air pollution data. In this study, we performed a pattern analysis of daily PM2.5 emissions in various major activity zones during 2019 and 2020. By measuring the lockdown effect, we also considered seasonal influence.

Problematic smart phone use in medical undergraduates in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in South India during COVID lockdown

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced all spheres of existence. Medical education, especially undergraduates, had to cope with the changing trends in the delivery of teaching modules. This has substantially influenced smart phone usage in medical students. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smart phone usage in medical students Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional online survey design, 556 medical undergraduates in a teaching hospital were included and assessed using questionnaires to measure problematic smart phone use/addiction. Results: Majority of the medical students scored high on problematic mobile phone use questionnaire short version-dependent subscale and SMARTPHONE ADDICTION SCALE-SHORT VERSION scales used to assess smart phone usage. Significant increase in the smart phone use during COVID lockdown was observed when compared to smart phone use before lockdown. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic with resulted in nationwide lockdown affected the smart phone usage in medical students. Problematic smart phone use and smart phone addiction is prevalent in medical undergraduates. Smart phone use for recreational use exceeds the smart phone use for academic achievement.

A Study On The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Share Price of Selected Insurance Companies in India

In this article a study has been carried out to show the impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the share price of insurance companies in India and also to show the percentage change in the share prices of the selected insurance companies. To perform this study, three companies from the insurance sector have been taken and the daily price data of the selected companies has also been collected for a period of 28 days. The Covid-19 lockdown was announced on 24th March 2020. Data of 14 days before the announcement of lockdown and 14 days after the date of lockdown announcement have been considered in this study. To make an analysis and to find out the impact, statistical tool like Paired t-test has been used and it has been found that there is no significant impact of Covid-19 lockdown on share price of insurance companies.

Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on private domestic groundwater sample numbers, E. coli presence and E. coli concentration across Ontario, January 2020–March 2021: An interrupted time-series analysis

Approximately 1.5 million individuals in Ontario are supplied by private water wells (private groundwater supplies). Unlike municipal supplies, private well water quality remains unregulated, with owners responsible for testing, treating, and maintaining their own water supplies. The COVID-19 global pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have impacted many environmental (e.g., surface water and air quality) and human (e.g., healthcare, transportation) systems over the past 15-months (January 2020 to March 2021). To date, the impact of these interventions on private groundwater systems remains largely unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of a province-wide COVID-19 lockdown (late-March 2020) on health behaviours (i.e., private domestic groundwater sampling) and groundwater quality (via Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection and concentration) in private well water in Ontario, using time-series analyses (seasonal decomposition, interrupted time-series) of a large-spatio-temporal dataset (January 2016 to March 2021; N = 743,200 samples). Findings indicate that lockdown concurred with an immediate (p = 0.015) and sustained (p < 0.001) decrease in sampling rates, equating to approximately 2200 fewer samples received per week post-interruption. Likewise, a slightly decreased E. coli detection rate was observed approximately one month after lockdowns began (p = 0.003), while the proportion of “highly contaminated” samples (i.e., E. coli > 10 CFU/100 mL) was shown to increase within one month (p = 0.02), followed by a sustained decrease for the remainder of the year (May 2020–December 2020). Analyses strongly suggest that COVID-19 interventions resulted in discernible impacts on both well user behaviours and hydrogeological mechanisms. Findings may be used as an evidence-base for assisting policy makers, public health practitioners and private well owners in developing recommendations and mitigation strategies to manage public health risks during extreme and/or unprecedented future events.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the level and intensity of physical activity: a statistical analysis on Romanian young adults

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the level and intensity of physical activity: a statistical analysis on Romanian young adults

The impact of covid-19 lockdown on aerobic capacity in female soccer players

Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in physical capacity caused by a 41-day significant reduction in training activity due to the COVID-19 lockdown. The 20 m shuttle run (Multistage Fitness Beep test) was used to determine physical capacity.Methods. The examinations were performed on 23 female soccer players aged 15 to 23 years. The inclusion criteria were sufficient training experience and participation in competitions at the level of the Central Junior League and the First Women’s League. On both dates of examinations, separated by a 41-day interval forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, maximal oxygen uptake was analyzed using an indirect method based on the Beep Test. The differences in VO2max on both dates for the combined groups were analyzed by Student’s t-test for dependent samples.Results. Calculations showed a highly significant reduction in VO2max (by 5.6 ml/kg/min). Furthermore, the absolute decrease in this variable was significantly related to baseline levels (r=0.760).Conclusions. The re-education of physical activity enforced by the 41-day lockdown resulted in a significant loss of aerobic capacity. A greater decrease in VO2max was observed in female athletes with higher baseline levels of aerobic capacity. It seems advisable to develop special training programs for individual implementation in case the group training is impossible.

Spatio-temporal assessment of COVID-19 lockdown impact on beach litter status and composition in Goa, India

The study aimed to understand beach litter status at some of the world-famous beaches of Goa, West India, to comprehend the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown. We characterize litter in six categories (Nylon+Rubber, Plastics, Footwear, Glass, Metal, and Thermocol) for eight sampled beaches in the north and south Goa. All beaches show increased glass and decreased plastics (significant litter) during the lockdown period compared to the unlock period that marked the high tourist inflow. Beaches were classified and graded with colour codes using litter density exhibit light blue-green colour coding during the lockdown or unlock period, suggests clean maintenance. The Miramar beach located in the heart of the capital city showed relatively more litter density (yellow code) due to the combination of local people and tourist inflow. Morjim, Palolem, Velsao were littered the least during both periods.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Eating Disorders: A Multicentre Collaborative International Study.

Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable. Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES). Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients.