This study investigates the fluid-structure interaction dynamics induced by underwater explosive, focusing on the impact of localized damage effects of explosive on the transient interaction between plate structures. To accurately characterize this localized effect, numerical experiments were conducted on the damage to a steel plate subjected to underwater explosive shock under various charge and explosion distance conditions. Results indicate that the diameter of plate perforations caused by contact explosions is smaller than that under conditions with a certain explosion distance. By establishing the relationship between relative explosion distance and plate perforation diameter, the optimal range for the localized damage effect of explosive is determined to be a relative explosion distance of 1.1–2. Furthermore, the relationship between the impact factor and the structural dimensionless factor, established based on the plate damage results, conforms to a quadratic function dependency. This relationship characterizes the role of the local effect of the munition in the inherent local damage mechanism of the target structure. These research findings provide empirical guidance for enhancing the lethality of underwater weapons and optimizing the efficiency of underwater mining, underwater de-icing, and other engineering operations.

Bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles related to pathological fractures.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of brain tumor. Here, we examine the evolution of glioblastoma treatment and survival across different study types over nearly acentury. Furthermore, we map the landscape of glioblastoma research to track the potential influence of publication bias on perceived progress and assess sex disparities in authorship across time, study type and geographic region. We analyzed acomprehensive dataset of glioblastoma research published from 1947-2022. Amanual review of 19,668 articles yielded 2232 articles passing the inclusion criteria. Overall, we observed an increased median overall survival (OS, slope = 0.16 months per year, Pearson's r = 0.23, p = 1.65e-44) for all study types. Nevertheless, reported survival outcomes varied by treatment modality. Only tumor treating fields (fitted median OS from 14.5 to 21.4 months, slope = 0.53 months per year) showed astronger increase in positive outcomes than radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (fitted median overall survival from 12.0 to 20.0 months, slope = 0.31 months per year). Despite making up only 5.6% of all studies, randomized controlled trials had the highest cumulative impact factor and citation count and US-based researchers dominated across all study types (33.9%). Women continued to be underrepresented, particularly as last authors (25.2% female first, 18.5% female last). The 75years of reported survival of patients with glioblastoma document aslow increase in overall survival. While research by women as first authors shows an upward trend, gender inequality persists, particularly in the last authorship.

ABSTRACT In practice, armor faces oblique strikes from long-rod projectiles (LRPs), not conventional attacks. To improve protection and reduce weight, the armor is inclined, increasing its effective thickness against LRPs. Impact obliquity critically influences ceramic armor damage, particularly in interface defeat and dwell/penetration transitions during LRP strike. A theoretical model for damage evolution in ceramics under oblique impact is established on the basis of the free stream line theory, contact mechanics and crack propagation models. After the model validation, the influence of various impact factors on the asymmetry failure during interface defeat and dwell/penetration is examined. The model accurately predicts ceramic failure asymmetry governed by stress fields. The dwell time is primarily determined by the cone cracks propagation. The transition velocity remains relatively stable at obliquity angles below 45°, but exhibits a linear increase as the angle rises from 45° to 75°. Projectiles with low yield strength exhibit extended dwell/penetration transitions, while fracture toughness governs cone crack propagation throughout both interface defeat and transition phases. This study provides valuable insights and guidance for the application of interface defeat and dwell in armor design, t thereby significantly improving the ballistic performance of ceramic armor against high-velocity projectile threats.

As China's 2030 carbon peak target approaches, carbon emission reduction efforts have become increasingly urgent and crucial. Resource-based cities, characterized by their reliance on high-carbon industries, play a pivotal role in the nation's carbon peak progress. This study focuses on 108 resource-based cities from 2000 to 2022, employing the RF-RFECV algorithm to identify key factors influencing carbon emissions in these cities and utilizing the SHAP algorithm to evaluate feature importance. Furthermore, a BO-CNN-BiLSTM-attention prediction model is constructed, combined with scenario analysis to simulate the dynamic pathways of carbon peaking in resource-based cities under low-carbon, baseline, and high-speed scenarios. The results indicate the following: ① From the perspective of influencing factors, energy consumption was the most critical driver of carbon emissions in resource-based cities, reflecting their dependence on energy-intensive industries. The GDP of the primary industry and population density had a negative impact on carbon emissions, while the other six variables exerted a positive influence. ② In terms of city types, the impact of energy consumption on regenerative cities gradually declined, the development of secondary industries varied in its influence across different city types, and urbanization levels had the most significant impact on growing resource-based cities. ③ According to the peak scenario simulations, under the baseline and high-speed scenarios, carbon emissions in resource-based cities will continue to rise before 2040, whereas under the low-carbon scenario, emissions are projected to peak by 2034. Based on these findings, resource-based cities should achieve low-carbon transformation and sustainable development by improving energy efficiency, developing renewable energy, advancing green finance, adjusting industrial structures, and establishing carbon emission trading markets.

Prenatal nutrition modulates hepatic long non-coding RNA regulatory elements in Nellore cattle offspring.

Evaluating "spin" in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

To investigate changes in the fatty acid composition of the lumbar vertebral bone marrow in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and its relationships with disease activity and complex disease behavior. This study, designed as a single-center, cross-sectional, and prospective trial, was conducted between September 2023 and February 2025, with 83 CD patients and 70 healthy individuals. Disease activity was evaluated using the CD activity index (CDAI). Disease behavior was recorded based on the Montreal classification. Quantitative analysis of saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA, UFA, MUFA, and PUFA) for lumbar vertebrae by using a two-dimensional bipolar multi-echo 3-T MRI. Spearman correlation and logistic regression analyses were employed. PUFA was significantly lower, whereas MUFA was significantly higher in the CD than in the control group (p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). CDAI was positively correlated with UFA and PUFA (r = 0.30 and 0.47; p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), and negatively correlated with SFA (r = -0.29, p = 0.01). The complicated disease behavior negatively correlated with PUFA only (r = -0.31; p = 0.01). Regression analysis showed that PUFA was an independent risk factor for CDAI (p = 0.01). PUFA and disease duration were independent impact factors for complicated disease behavior (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). CD patients exhibited alterations in bone marrow fatty acid composition compared to healthy controls. Bone marrow PUFA was a potential predictor of disease activity state and complicated disease behavior. Questions What was the relationship of bone marrow fatty acids with disease activity and complex disease behavior in patients with Crohn's disease (CD)? Findings Alterations in bone marrow fatty acid composition were found in CD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were related to disease activity and complex disease behavior. Clinical relevance Non-invasive MRI imaging assessment of bone marrow fatty acids in vivo has the potential to monitor disease activity and treatment response, which may provide a new imaging marker for insight into the inflammation in CD.

The paper investigates the influence of dynamic characteristics of building structures on the mechanisms of progressive collapse development. It is shown that natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping levels significantly affect the propagation pattern of collapse following the initial failure of one or more load-bearing elements. Based on the obtained results, vulnerability assessment criteria are formulated that take into account the dynamic properties of structures. Purpose of the article. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between the dynamic characteristics of a structural system and the mechanisms of progressive collapse development. Special attention is given to the effect of natural frequencies, vibration modes, and damping level on the likelihood of structural excitation leading to instability or further collapse. Based on a numerical analysis of a steel-framed building, a direct relationship is demonstrated between local damage and the redistribution of stiffness in the structural system. The analysis of changes in dynamic characteristics makes it possible to identify potentially vulnerable zones with reduced resistance to progressive collapse. To assess collapse vulnerability, it is advisable to determine the first 3–5 natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes, as well as damping properties. A significant reduction in stiffness leads to the localization of vibrations, increased amplitudes, and potential energy accumulation. If the system is unable to dissipate vibrations due to insufficient damping, cascading failure may occur. Critical warning signs include a frequency decrease of more than 30 %, an increase in deformation amplitude by over 50 %, the emergence of localized vibration modes, and a reduction in damping. Clarifications are proposed to the conditions of the energy-based approach for evaluating the propagation of progressive collapse, taking into account dynamic characteristics and the localization of deformations within vibration modes (i. e., structural vulnerability). The criteria for determining the dynamic coefficient are refined to consider the frequency spectrum and damping. Design tasks are formulated based on dynamic analysis to enhance resistance to progressive collapse. Conclusions. The use of dynamic coefficients (impact factors) recommended by building codes is justified but insufficient without considering the individual properties of the specific structure. The analysis of structural vibration modes can reveal potential weak spots where deformations and stresses are expected to be the highest. This is crucial for predicting the mechanisms of progressive collapse propagation. The results of this research can be applied in assessing the vulnerability of existing buildings and in designing new structures resistant to progressive collapse in accordance with modern safety requirements.

Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is commonly performed using wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) in a clinic or ambulatory surgery center and is shown to have similar satisfaction rates and postoperative complication profile compared to operating room (OR) procedures. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) is commonly performed; however, it is usually done in an OR setting with the use of anesthesia (OR-ECTR). We present a single institution's experience performing ECTR utilizing a tourniquet under local only anesthesia (LO-ECTR). We compared procedural efficiency and environmental impact between OR-ECTR and LO-ECTR. In addition, patient satisfaction with LO-ECTR was assessed via a postprocedural survey. A retrospective review identified patients who underwent OR-ECTR and LO-ECTR from June 2021 to June 2023 by a single surgeon at our institution. Efficiency was measured by comparing procedure, recovery, and total time spent in the hospital. Environmental impact was assessed by measuring OR waste weight. Student's t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-squared tests for categorical variables were performed. Patients in the LO-ECTR group answered a survey immediately postoperatively that included pain scores on a Likert scale and overall satisfaction. Inclusion criteria included primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), diagnosis based on clinical or electromyography studies, and no concurrent procedures. The Microaire SmartRelease ECTR system was used in the OR-ECTR cases, and the Trice Seg-WAY ECTR-d system was used in the LO-ECTR cases. A total of 137 cases in the LO-ECTR and 104 cases in the OR-ECTR group met inclusion criteria. Age, body mass index, operative hand, and race were similar between both groups. LO-ECTR procedures were faster than OR-ECTR procedures for all time metrics. Total procedure and operating time improved (9 ± 2 minutes vs 14 ± 4 minutes and 15 ± 2 minutes vs 28 ± 6 minutes). Preoperative holding time improved (35 ± 15 minutes vs 89 ± 30 minutes). Recovery time was notably faster (7 ± 4 minutes vs 48 ± 22 minutes), which affected total hospital time (61.9 ± 18.6 minutes vs 166.9 ± 38.3 minutes). All differences were statistically significant with P < .001. Waste weights were significantly lower in the LO-ECTR cohort than those in the OR-ECTR cohort; however, sample sizes were small in both cohorts (1.3 ± 0.04 kg in LO-ECTR vs 6.0 ± 0.7 kg in OR-ECTR, P < .001). Within the LO-ECTR group, the overall pain level experience was mild/moderate. The average overall satisfaction with the experience was 96.6%, with 98.5% of patients stating they would recommend this procedure to a friend. LO-ECTR was faster than OR-ECTR for all studied time metrics. Data are suggestive of improvement in the environmental impact factor. Limitations include a lack of meaningful postoperative patient events and retrospective nature of the study. Further studies will investigate long-term outcomes in the LO-ECTR group.

Over the past few decades, scientific publishing has undergone significant transformations evolving from a print-based system to a digitised and globally accessible ecosystem. While this shift has facilitated faster dissemination and broader access to knowledge, it has also exposed systemic weaknesses, including the profiteering by major commercial publishers and persistent inequities in the publishing landscape. This opinion article aims to educate researchers in rehabilitation sciences and the broader health sciences who are unfamiliar with scholarly publishing models and practices, with the goal of fostering more accessible, equitable, and sustainable knowledge production and dissemination. We critically examine the limitations of traditional subscription models, as well as pay-to-publish open access (gold with article processing fees) and hybrid models, highlighting their financial and systemic barriers. In contrast, we advocate for more equitable alternatives: the free-to-readers and free-to-authors model (diamond open access), which typically involves publishing costs covered by academic institutions or public funders, and self-archiving (green open access). We also discuss the increasing importance of preprints and peer-reviewed preprints (peer-print articles) in decoupling knowledge dissemination from conventional journal publication. We argue for greater recognition of these latter models in academic evaluation and for institutional support of open infrastructures. We recommend broader reforms, including replacing authorship with contributorship, shifting the focus from novelty to reproducibility and transparency, and eliminating the journal impact factor as a criterion for evaluation. Collectively, these recommendations aim to reinforce a scholarly publishing ecosystem that prioritises equity, rigour, and the collective advancement of science.

Sleep quality and impact factors in older adults with epilepsy.

Recent Publication Trends in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Bibliometric Analysis.

The risk of infection by enteric pathogens in bathing waters is generally monitored by using fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Mechanistic models are efficient tools to predict FIB concentrations in bathing waters, both in near-future forecasting and in long-term climate change projections. However, most existing mechanistic FIB models are limited by the availability of observations for validation and incorporation of all relevant physical, biological, and chemical (physico-biochemical) processes. Therefore, the quantitative influence of different physio-biochemical processes and impact factors is missing. To enhance the understanding of FIB fate in different aquatic systems, we developed a comprehensive yet generically applicable physico-biochemical model, focused on Escherichia coli (E. coli). It includes a die-off module and a sediment interaction module. Separate validation of the two sub-modules demonstrated the reliability of our modeling approach. The die-off module shows a higher R2 value (0.88) and lower RMSE value (1.1 day-1) than the existing models (0.48-0.79, and 1.8-7.2 day -1). This demonstrated an improvement by adding Ultraviolet-A and Ultraviolet-B (UVB) inactivation and UV spectrum extinction due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption. According to our sediment module validation, considering the impact of sediment composition on E. coli attachment can improve the allocation of E. coli between waters and sediments. Sensitivity analysis showed that 1) photo-inactivation is important in low CDOM waters, but not in high CDOM waters, where the UV penetration is limited; 2) the impact of sediment interaction can extend the duration of a peak event in high turbid waters. This work demonstrated the dominant impact factors in different aquatic systems for E. coli prediction. The new generic model enables better simulation of bathing water quality across different types of aquatic environments, which can be a useful tool to inform management at bathing sites. Future applications can choose processes selectively from the new FIB physico-biochemical model and couple it with appropriate hydrological/hydrodynamic models to address specific environmental conditions and research purposes.

Analysis of waste generation and environmental impact of a multi-dose iodinated contrast media injection system in an emergency radiology department.

Reliability-based assessment of knot impact and safety factor calibration for axial timber elements with knots

This study aims to evaluate anorectal function through high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) in patients with constipation and fecal impaction, considering the limited information available on this subject. HRAM conducted between January 2021 and November 2023 (785 procedures) were reviewed. Patients were identified as individuals who experienced at least one episode of hard stools in the last year that were unable to evacuate. They were compared with constipated patients without fecal impaction episodes (control group). HRAM was performed using solid-state equipment (Medtronic). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify demographic-clinical factors and manometric variables associated with fecal impaction. Fecal incontinence was independently associated with fecal impaction [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 20.4, 95% CI: 2.5-167.8] after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Severe rectal hyposensitivity (no perception of urgency from a volume of 200mL) was present in 38.2% of patients with fecal impaction and 5.9% of controls ( P =0.001). Defecatory dyssynergia was diagnosed in 29.4% of patients with fecal impaction. Lower squeeze pressure and severe rectal hyposensitivity were independently associated with fecal impaction with an aOR of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and aOR of 10.4 (2-54.1), respectively, and after adjusting for all manometric parameters. Hypotonia and hypo-contractility of the anal canal were found in 53.8% and 46.2% of patients with fecal impaction and incontinence, respectively. Patients with fecal impaction often show rectal hyposensitivity and anal hypo-contractility, which are independent risk factors for impaction. Fecal incontinence is linked to fecal impaction, and their coexistence is associated with reduced anal canal pressures.

Medical large language models and systems in the clinical application of spinal diseases: Current status, challenges, and future prospects.

Stress has permeated the academic environment worldwide. The highly competitive 21st century environment worsens the situation as academics and academic institutions must strive to remain relevant. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, perception and management practices of stress among academic staff of the University of Calabar, Nigeria. This study used a qualitative data collection method. Four focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted, one with female lecturers ranking from graduate assistant to lecturer II, one with female lecturers ranking from lecturer I to professor, one with male lecturers ranking from graduate assistant to lecturer II and one with male lecturers ranking from lecturer I to professor. The total number of FGD participants was 42. Four key informant interviews were conducted, each with a topranking officer of the University. The FGD sessions and interviews were tape recorded. Field notes were also taken. After listening to the tapes and reading the field notes several times, the data were transcribed. Thematic analysis of the data was carried out. Participants knew what stress is and could give their definitions of stress. Their definitions encompassed common stressors such as excess workload, poor remuneration, including salary that, according to them, cannot take them to the gate not to talk of taking them home. Other stressors mentioned by them included lack of office space, epileptic electric power supply, lack of incentives and stringent promotion criteria such as publishing in SCOPUS-indexed journals. They agreed that female academics were exposed to more stress than their male counterparts. They had individual ways of managing stress such as taking a nap, relaxation, exercising and listening to music. Peer support strategies for distressed colleagues included pooling funds for them and assisting with official work. Stress is a common phenomenon among the participants. Collaboration and networking with local and international academics, with pooling of resources, could assist the academics in carrying out quality research and publishing in high impact factor non-predatory journals.

• The effect of highly cited papers of the LIS field on JIF and journal rankings to varying degrees was evaluated. • The Citation Concentration Index (CCI) serves as a diagnostic analytical tool for interpreting academic evaluation results derived from JIF. • An interpretation of journal rankings based on JIF should be combined with the citation distribution of papers within each journal. • The positive impact of highly cited papers on JIF and journal rankings cannot be ignored, particularly the strong effect of the proportion of highly cited papers from the previous year on the current year’s journal evaluation. The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a predominant indicator in academic evaluation. However, its validity may be compromised by the highly skewed distribution of citations within the same journal, which can lead to misinterpretations in research assessment. In light of these concerns, this study examines journals in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS) by applying different treatments of highly cited papers to evaluate their influence on JIF values and ranking outcomes. To enhance comprehension of JIF-based evaluation results, the Citation Concentration Index (CCI) is proposed, which reflects the distribution of citation counts among the papers in a journal. The analysis reveals that highly cited papers are more prevalent in top-ranked journals and exert a substantial influence on JIF, while for certain lower-ranked journals, the citation counts are all relatively low, and their JIFs are more dominated by a very small number of papers. These findings underscore that JIF-based journal rankings should be interpreted in conjunction with the citation distribution of papers within each journal.