Impact Analysis Approach Research Articles

Brief Review of Accreditation Policy For X-Ray Compliance Testing Laboratory The Compli¬ance Test Program has been Implemented Since 2011 and The Updated Regulation was in 2018

Brief Review of Accreditation Policy For X-Ray Compliance Testing Laboratory The Compli¬ance Test Program has been Implemented Since 2011 and The Updated Regulation was in 2018. According to the implementation progress, adjustments are needed to the dynamics of the problems that arise. In 2021, it is planned to prepare a draft amendment to BAPETEN Regulation Number 2 of 2018; therefore, an analysis of the implementation profile of the regulation is carried out to identify existing obstacles. One of the problems identified is the polemic of the urgency of accreditation obligations for the Compliance Testing Laboratory, which is the institution appointed by the Head of BAPETEN to carry out compliance tests and issue compliance certificates. Currently, 78% of laboratories are not accredited, most of which are importing companies. Therefore, it will have implications for reducing laboratory availability and constraining the compliance test process in health facilities. This paper aims to identify aspects that can hinder the application for laboratory accreditation, especially for importing companies, and the proposed solution that can recommend. This paper uses a regulatory impact analysis approach. The study results show that laboratory accreditation is essential to maintain the quality of services, competencies, and outputs of the laboratory so that four options that LUK can take are proposed in dealing with obstacles in applying for accreditation. This paper can provide contributions in preparing the draft amendments to BAPETEN Regulation Number 2 of 2018.

ANÁLISE DE IMPACTO REGULATÓRIO: UMA ABORDAGEM DE ESTUDOS DE EVENTOS

There is a growing concern of governments and regulators in assessing the impact of laws, decrees and other regulations. Researchers, government and international organizations have been discussing the use of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and Cost Benefit Analysis (BCA). This article proposes an approach for impact analysis of regulation, derived from event study methodology with adjustments to circumvent the problem of contemporaneous correlation among observations. Indeed, as regulation affects all companies at the same time, it is particularly challeging to tell apart the effects of regulation from other influences. The approach proposed avoid this and other challenges, such as the establishment of a benchmark for market returns, the different effects of regulation over different regulated companies, the dealing with effects that are not noticeable in event studies and the effects of the use of daily data for those studies. At the end, it is presented a script for the econometric evaluation of financial and sectorial regulation and it is suggested, as an example, some empirical models for the test of financial regulations.

Integrated Traceability Approach for an Effective Impact Analysis

Change is inevitable, software undergoes continuous change during its life cycle. A small change can trigger high evolution because of the ripple effect identified during the activity of impact analysis. However, it depends on the traceability information, which is the connection between software development artifacts. The current traceability techniques lack the breadth and depth to carryout informative impact analysis. We have performed a detailed literature survey of traceability techniques from the year 2008-2018. These techniques are evaluated on the criteria for effective impact analysis present in the literature. The results highlight that no single technique fulfills the criteria for effective impact analysis alone, they can be combined together to achieve promising results. We have presented a hybrid approach that combines four traceability techniques to achieve the entire criteria for an effective impact analysis after careful evaluation. The techniques combined are: Information Retrieval, Pre-Requirement Specification Traceability, Value based Requirements Traceability Technique and Goal Centric Traceability Technique. Our proposed hybrid approach is empirically validated via a field experiment. Results are analyzed for time and effort utilized in maintaining and retrieving the traceability information. The results are promising as the hybrid approach achieves effective impact analysis within minimal time and effort. We plan to extend the validation to real world impact analysis situation via case study.

A temperature binning approach for multi-sector climate impact analysis

Characterizing the future risks of climate change is a key goal of climate impacts analysis. Temperature binning provides a framework for analyzing sector-specific impacts by degree of warming as an alternative or complement to traditional scenario-based approaches in order to improve communication of results, comparability between studies, and flexibility to facilitate scenario analysis. In this study, we estimate damages for nine climate impact sectors within the contiguous United States (US) using downscaled climate projections from six global climate models, at integer degrees of US national warming. Each sector is analyzed based on socioeconomic conditions for both the beginning and the end of the century. The potential for adaptive measures to decrease damages is also demonstrated for select sectors; differences in damages across adaptation response scenarios within some sectors can be as much as an order of magnitude. Estimated national damages from these sectors based on a reactive adaptation assumption and 2010 socioeconomic conditions range from $600 million annually per degree of national warming for winter recreation to $8 billion annually per degree of national warming for labor impacts. Results are also estimated per degree of global temperature change and for 2090 socioeconomic conditions.

Societal costs of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in Australia and the economic impact of a hypothetical disease-modifying treatment that could delay disease progression

Aims Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) has a progressive course of disability with continuous neurological worsening. We investigated societal costs of PPMS in Australia and the economic impact of increasing the independence of people with PPMS through delaying disease progression. Methods This prevalence-based retrospective cost-of-illness analysis used observational data from publicly available secondary data sources and literature findings. Direct and indirect costs of PPMS were considered. A replica estimated population was created using the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) microsimulation model of the Australian tax and transfer system (STINMOD+). Using a budget impact analysis approach, we modelled the effect on PPMS costs of an effective hypothetical disease-modifying treatment (DMT) that delays disease progression by a year from mild to moderate and a further year from moderate to severe PPMS. Results An estimated 31,650 Australians have multiple sclerosis (MS) including 4,430 with PPMS. The proportion with PPMS was estimated to increase with age and disease severity. Overall 25% of males with MS, and 10% of females, were estimated to have PPMS. Societal cost of PPMS in Australia in 2018 was estimated at AU$418.1 million. Indirect costs contributed 67.5% of total costs, attributable to reduced workforce participation and need for informal care. The modelled DMT was estimated to create savings of AU$14.9 million (3.6%). Fewer people had moderate and severe PPMS resulting in major cost savings, partially offset by increased costs of treatment, care and support for a relative increase in the number of people with mild PPMS and their increased productivity losses. Limitations Publicly available data may be incomplete. The potential cost of the DMT was not considered. Conclusions The economic burden of PPMS was estimated at AU$418 million in 2018. An effective DMT that delayed progression from disease severity states by one year could provide significant cost savings.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SALT POLICY IN INDONESIA

In general, the goal of a policy is to achieve public welfare through regulations made by the government. Regulations are generally made because they are required to regulate the interests of the communities. Salt is an important commodity demanded by the people in Indonesia. In adition, Indonesia is a country with the second longest coastline in the world; therefore, it has a potential to produce salt and achieve self-sufficiency. However, the national salt production has not been able to meet the demand for salt, especially in meeting the needs for industrial salt. To overcome this problem, the government issued a policy of procuring salt through imports with the hope that industrial needs are met and simultaneously domestic salt production can be increased. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the government policies related to salt by adopting the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) approach. Data and information were obtained through focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders and literature studies analyzed using the RIA approach. The results of this study concluded that the salt policies in Indonesia, especially related to the policy of salt imports, has not been effective. Strategies and corrective actions must be taken so that they can be optimally effective. Strategies that can be carried out include improving the import salt trade system through strengthening the data collection system, monitoring the running of local salt businesses and enforcing laws. The combination between improving the quality of salt produced by the local farmers and guaranteeing the salt prices at the farmer level will accelerate the achievement of the policy objectives. Keywords: self-sufficiency, public policy, imports, farmers, regulatory impact analysis

Analysing the impact of the Australian health sector emergency response plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A proposed approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced Australia, and our global counterparts, on a steep learning curve and rapid adaptation journey. Understanding the real impact of pandemic response interventions will be crucial to our collective success in this ongoing endeavour. This article will propose and outline an integrated, sequential, mixed methods approach to analysing the impact of Australia’s emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic across its states and territories. We begin with a brief description of the Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). In the second section, the discussion will move on to defining the nature of impact analysis and evaluation and when to use them. The third section outlines considerations relevant to selecting an impact analysis approach as it pertains to infectious disease pandemic response and virus transmission, morbidity and mortality outcomes. The fourth section presents and discusses a conceptual framework for an integrated impact analysis approach, clearly delineating the link between proposed approach, impact analysis questions and the outlined pandemic response considerations.

Budget impact analysis of breast cancer screening in Italy: The role of new technologies.

Although mammography screening significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, women could present different morphological characteristics that do not allow the correct vision of their breasts and the detection of cancer, resulting in a delay of diagnosis and an increase in the risk of mortality. The present study aims at analyzing potential areas of improvement of the current screening programs and then hypothesizing alternative technologies to use within the diagnostic phase, from an economic point of view. A Budget Impact Analysis approach was implemented, considering the Italian National Healthcare Service perspective, and representing the healthcare expenditure evolution, over three years. In the Budget Impact Analysis model, two distinct phases of the screening programs were considered: (1) the screening/diagnosis phase and (2) the phase related to cancer care and treatments of patients. The results provide clinicians and policy makers with a rational method to forecast economic resources in the screening programs in a general context of limited resources. In particular, results of the Budget Impact Analysis showed that, while the introduction of the ABUS InveniaTM technology into the screening programs would lead to an increase in the screening phase expenditure, it would generate an economic advantage related to the patients treatment and care.

IdentifyiIdentifying and Analyzing the Effects of Variables and Indicators Effectively on the Strategic Importance of Harirud for Iran with the Interaction Impact Analysis Approach

IdentifyiIdentifying and Analyzing the Effects of Variables and Indicators Effectively on the Strategic Importance of Harirud for Iran with the Interaction Impact Analysis Approach

Efficient approach for impact analysis of land cover changes on hydrological extremes by means of a lumped conceptual model

Study regionBelgium, Flanders, Grote Nete and Zuunbeek catchments. Study focusThe focus of this study is the development and subsequent application of a computationally-efficient framework for parsimonious hydrological models to simulate impact of land cover changes. The framework was applied to the NAM conceptual model, considering the disaggregation approach by Tran et al. (2018), and urban development scenarios for the study region for 2050. New hydrological insights for the regionConsidering the urban development scenarios for 2050, an intensification of the hydrological extremes was found. On average, 10 % increase in urbanization causes an increase in river peak flows of about 3 %. Peak-flow changes by 2050 vary between +2 % to +14 % for the Grote Nete catchment, and between -2 % to +8 % for the Zuunbeek catchment. Low-flow changes vary in the range [-5 %, -1 %] and [-33 %, 10 %] for the Grote Nete and Zuunbeek catchments, respectively.

The Civil War’s Demographic Impact on White Males in the Eleven Confederate States: An Analysis by State and Selected Age Groups

Recent research has put the likely number of Civil War male deaths on both sides of the conflict at 750,000, challenging the conventional number of approximately 620,000. Using similar data and a different methodology, this study supports the newer results in terms of the Confederate states, where we find approximately 346,000 male deaths, a number that far exceeds a long-accepted estimate of 126,000. In fact, our number is about 88,000 more deaths than estimated by even more recent research, putting the number at 258,000. In constructing our number, we estimate the demographic impact of the Civil War on white males who were aged 20–54 in 1870 in the eleven Confederate States. Our approach takes into account both mortality and migration, but it excludes fertility because the youngest age we examine is 20 years. We apply an impact analysis approach using extracts from the micro-level data from the 1850, 1860, and 1870 census counts assembled by the Minnesota Population Center. Using the 1850 and 1860 census counts, we constructed ten-year Cohort Change Ratios (CCRs) for white males by five-year age groups and applied them to 1860 white males aged 10–14, 15–19 . . . 40–44 by state to project the expected number of white males by five-year age groups, 20–24, 25–29 . . . 50–54 for 1870. The results were aggregated into a single age group of 20–54 and compared with the 1870 census numbers for this same age group by state and for all eleven states combined. The Civil War’s demographic impact on white males in all eleven states of the Confederacy due to the combined effects of mortality and migration is estimated by subtracting the 1870 expected number (1,393,125) for age group 20–54 generated by the CCR method from the 1870 actual (census) number (1,047,323). The difference is –345,802 (–24.8%). We also find substantial absolute and relative variation across the eleven states in regard to the war’s demographic impact and discuss these results. Our estimate of Confederate deaths brings the total number of dead on both sides to nearly 850,000, which exceeds the total number of US military deaths resulting from every war and military action in which the United States has participated since the Civil War’s end.

Kebebasan Berdakwah di Youtube: Suatu Analisis Pola Partisipasi Media

This article describes the reality of freedom of preaching on social media. The research approach used in this study is qualitative descriptive with a critical paradigm. There are two focus of the study approach used, namely; 1) participatory culture approach, to know the characteristics of the Youtube da'wah channel, 2) a new media impact analysis approach, to analyze the problem of da'i and mad'u millennial in the context of da'wah activities on the Youtube channel. The results of this study indicate that da'wah activities on the da'wah Youtube channel consist of 4 (four) types, namely: 1) Youtube channels affiliated with community organizations; 2) Youtube channels that are managed independently by da'i; 3) youtube channel managed by da'wah community; 4) Youtube channels managed by Vloggers or other Youtuber. Also, there are threats behind the freedom to preach on social media, including; easy spread of provocative preaching messages, slander, hoax, and veiled radical understanding. The solution to the threat is; 1) the corrective approach of the da'i through Youtube channels; 2) the participation of da'i affiliates to oversee da'wah content that is inappropriate and contrary to humanist, moderate and transformative da'wah.

An automated change impact analysis approach for User Requirements Notation models

Requirements and their models often evolve to reflect changing needs, technologies, and regulations. The decision to implement proposed changes to requirements models relies on means to capture and analyze the potential impact of such changes. The User Requirements Notation (URN) is a standardized requirements modeling language that incorporates two complementary views based on Use Case Maps (UCM), for expressing scenarios and processes bound to architectural components, and on the Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL), for capturing the goals of actors and their relationships. This paper presents a new Change Impact Analysis (CIA) approach for URN models. Following a proposed change, this approach helps identify potentially impacted URN constructs within the selected GRL/UCM view, as well as throughout other view elements connected with URN links. This URN-oriented CIA approach is implemented as an extension of the jUCMNav modeling environment, and its applicability is demonstrated using an illustrative URN specification and three real and publicly available specifications. Furthermore, an empirical study involving 10 participants is used to assess the accuracy of this approach in identifying impacted URN elements upon specification changes. Results indicate excellent accuracy and a significant reduction in user-perceived difficulty when estimating the impact of changes in URN specifications.

Data Impact Analysis in Business Processes

Business processes and their outcomes rely on data whose values are changed during process execution. When unexpected changes occur, e.g., due to last minute changes of circumstances, human errors, or corrections of detected errors in data values, this may have consequences for various parts of the process. This challenges the process participants to understand the full impact of the changes and decide on responses or corrective actions. To tackle this challenge, the paper suggests a semi-automated approach for data impact analysis. The approach entails a trans-formation of business process models to a relational database representation, to which querying is applied, in order to retrieve process elements that are related to a given data change. Specifically, the proposed method receives a data item (an attribute or an object) and information about the current state of process execution (in the form of a trace upon which an unexpected change has occurred). It analyzes the impact of the change in terms of activities, other data items, and gateways that are affected. When evaluating the usefulness of the approach through a case study, it was found that it has the potential to assist experienced process participants, especially when the consequences of the change are extensive, and its locus is in the middle of the process. The approach contributes both to practice with tool-supported guidance on how to handle unexpected data changes, and to research with a set of impact analysis primitives and queries.

Heat diffusion approach for scientific impact analysis in social media

The advent of social media has enabled us to explore the impact of academic entities beyond the conventional bibliometric community. The traditional bibliometric indicators such as citation count, h-index and SNIP metrics aim to represent the propagation of knowledge in the academic world rather than the impact of the research on the wider world. In this study, we are interested in measuring the impact of the academic world on social media. We first create the 2-layered graph where the first layer is the bipartite graph between academic and social media entities and a second layer is the graph between social media entities. Then, we employed the heat diffusion-based metrics to measure the influence of academic entities in social media. Thus, we evaluate the academic entities by (1) predicting links between academic entities and social media and (2) suggesting memes for the academic entities. Our analysis on predicting links between scientist and social media entities showed the AUC-ROC score of 0.73 and the AUC-PR score of 0.30. Similarly, predicting links between scientific publications and social media entities showed the AUC-ROC score of 0.80 and the AUC-PR score of 0.19. Our approach can also suggest textual memes for scientific publications.

Future Study of Iran's Elderly Sports Using Cross-Impact Matrix

Introdution An increase in the population of elderly people in Iran in the future is an inevitable and significant process that should be examined from a variety of dimensions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the future study of Iran's elderly sports using cross-impact matrix.
 Methods: In this research cross impact analysis approach has been used as one of the future study methods. Initial variables of research was gathered using half-interviews with participants scholars and specialists in sport sciences, psychologists, social workers, sociologists, nurses, the managers of sanity offices, the Welfare Organization and the social council of municipality. Data validation criteria recommended by Lincoln & Guba was confirmed and then analyzed using Micmac software.
 Results: Results from using cross impact analysis approach suggested that the six key factors, namely, attention to the elderly, the creation of special organs for the elderly, the allocation of funds, the modeling of other countries, the design of long-term programs and the establishment of process-oriented strategies werethe most important factors for the future of elderly sports in Iran that should be considered in planning.
 Conclusion: The researcher has tried to analyze Iran's futur study of elderly sports. The results and findings of the research process and the proposed strategic recommendations can provide an appropriate setting for policymaking and designing strategies and policies for strategic managers in the elderly sports sector.

Change impact analysis for maintenance and evolution of variable software systems

Understanding variability is essential to allow the configuration of software systems to diverse requirements. Variability-aware program analysis techniques have been proposed for analyzing the space of program variants. Such techniques are highly beneficial, e.g., to determine the potential impact of changes during maintenance. This article presents an interprocedural and configuration-aware change impact analysis (CIA) approach for determining the possibly impacted source code elements when changing the source code of a product family. The approach also supports engineers, who are adapting the code of specific product variants after an initial pre-configuration. The approach can be adapted to work with different variability mechanisms, it is more precise than existing CIA approaches, and it can be implemented using standard control flow and data flow analysis. We report evaluation results on the benefit and performance of the approach using industrial product lines.

Is Microfinance an Effective Social Program Intervention for Poverty Reduction? Impact Analysis Approach

Is Microfinance an Effective Social Program Intervention for Poverty Reduction? Impact Analysis Approach

Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.)

Seabirds select suitable habitats at sea, but these habitats may be strongly impacted by marine spatial planning, including the construction of offshore wind farms (OWFs) and the associated ship traffic. Loons (Gavia spp.) are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities and are also of high conservation status, making them particularly relevant to marine planning processes. We investigated the effects of OWF construction and ship traffic on Loon distributions in the German North Sea on a large spatial scale, using a ‘before–after’ control impact analysis approach and a long-term data set. Many OWFs were built in or close to core areas of Loon distributions. Loons showed significant shifts in their distribution in the ‘after’ period and subsequently aggregated between two OWF clusters, indicating the remaining suitable habitat. The decrease in Loon abundance became significant as far as about 16 km from the closest OWF. Ship traffic also had a significant negative impact on Loons, indicating that OWFs deterred Loons through the combined effect of ship traffic and the wind turbines themselves. This study provides the first analysis of the extensive effects of OWFs and ships on Loons on a large spatial scale. The results provide an essential baseline for future marine spatial planning processes in the German North Sea and elsewhere.

Reduced modal state-space approach for low-velocity impact analysis of sandwich beams

Abstract The convergence problems of nonlinear dynamic impact analysis may be in some extent overcome by using the linear forms of contact laws. However, the full-scale finite element analysis of structures with linearized contact laws need high computational efforts. In this study, an efficient reduced modal state-space approach with low computational cost was introduced to predict the dynamic structural response of sandwich beams. A one degree of freedom spring-mass system was used to model the dynamics of projectile. Furthermore, the fully dynamic equations of the sandwich beam were obtained using a new high-order finite element formulation . The dimensions of the dynamic system were reduced based on the method of truncated combination of modes. Finally, the reduced dynamic equations were solved in the framework of state-space approach. The results obtained from the present formulation were compared with the available analytical and numerical results and good agreements found between them.