Potential immunomodulatory and antitumor properties of hydatid cysts components.

Multifunctional hydrogel delivery of mesenchymal stem cell secretome suppresses neutrophil extracellular trap formation and promotes diabetic wound healing via PGE2/BMAL1 pathway.

Lycium barbarum glycopeptide attenuates orthodontic force-induced alveolar bone loss by activating ATG4D-mediated autophagy.

Umifenovir protects Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus by suppressing viral replication and modulating innate immunity.

3D-printed PRP-infused double-network hydrogels orchestrate inflammation resolution and vascular regeneration in infected wounds.

The role of stromal cell immunobiology in understanding and managing Sjögren's disease.

Propolis, a natural wax-like resinous substance present in bee hives, has been extensively used in dietary supplements and as folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including neurological disorders. Propolis has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of depression and other neurological disorders. This review aims to investigate the clinical studies and various therapeutic potentials associated with propolis, direct the future scope of research, and discuss possible clinical implications. A total of 143 papers were selected using a database comprising Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Diverse keywords, such as propolis, bee, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical study, were used to search the content. This review highlights the diverse biological activities of propolis, as evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies. In experimental models, propolis extract exhibited antidepressant-like and vasculoprotective effects, primarily through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. These benefits were associated with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic factors. Propolis extract was found to delay the progression of atherosclerosis by improving lipid metabolism and modulating apoptosis. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo investigations suggest that propolis may protect vascular endothelial function due to its antiproliferative activity. Notably, anticancer potential was observed against the ovarian cancer cell line M12.C3.F6. Clinical studies also provided encouraging findings. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, propolis extract has been shown to improve wound healing parameters in diabetic foot ulcers. Another trial reported promising outcomes with propolis extract formulated as niosomal oromucosal-adhesive films for recurrent aphthous ulcers. Overall, these results underline the multifaceted therapeutic promise of propolis across neurological, vascular, oncological, and wound-healing domains. This review summarizes clinical and experimental evidence on the therapeutic potential of propolis. It highlights its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer (skin, oral, lung, breast, cervical), antidepressant, anxiolytic, cardiovascular, chemopreventive, and anti-angiogenic properties. Several studies, including clinical trials, suggest its potential role in combating COVID-19 and other health conditions. Overall, findings indicate that propolis possesses significant medicinal promise and may serve as a lead candidate for developing novel therapeutic agents.

Protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides against cisplatin-induced toxicity.

Exosome-mediated cross-species miRNA regulation: Bovine Milk-derived miR-320a attenuates ovalbumin-induced food allergy by suppressing STAT3.

Pan-apoptosis and involvement of the inflammatory process are the hallmarks of Huntington's disease (HD). Inflammation currently represents one of the potential therapeutic targets for slowing and fighting the pathological phenotype of HD. The immunomodulatory properties of natural compounds, such as resveratrol, have been demonstrated in various disease models and human clinical trials. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the daily intranasal administration of resveratrol-conjugated gold nanoparticles in awake R6/2 mice, the genetic animal model of HD. Transgenic mice were treated daily with resveratrol-conjugated gold nanoparticles (0.1mg/kg/day) starting from 5weeks of age corresponding to the prodromal stage of the disease. After sacrifice, histological and immunofluorescence studies were performed. We found that resveratrol treated R6/2 mice survived longer and displayed a significant partial recovery of motor performance compared with R6/2 mice that received the nanoparticles with vehicle. Primary outcome measures such as striatal atrophy, neuronal intranuclear inclusions, and modulation of microglial reaction revealed a neuroprotective effect of resveratrol conjugated gold nanoparticles. Resveratrol provided a significant increase of neuroglobin, a neuroprotective globin, along with activated CREB and BDNF in the mice medium spiny neurons, accompanied by a down modulation of neuroinflammation, which, combined, might explain the beneficial effects observed in this model. Our findings showed that nanoparticles loaded with a specific compound which acts on the mutated protein intranuclear inclusions and inflammatory components may represent a valid therapeutic strategy in slowing down the symptoms of HD neurodegeneration.

SLC5A11 mediates metformin-induced PD-L1 suppression to enhance cancer immunotherapy through AMPK-IRF1 signaling.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an increasingly common inflammatory disease mediated by immunoglobulin E in response to environmental allergens, substantially impacting the quality of life and healthcare systems worldwide. Recent research has drawn attention to the role of vitamin D, a corticosteroid hormone with immunomodulatory properties, in influencing the onset and severity of allergic diseases, including AR. Vitamin D exerts regulatory effects and inherent and tailored immunity, including suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing regulatory T cell function. A contrary connection among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels has been suggested in observational studies of AR prevalence, particularly among children and male adults. However, interventional studies/ research into the therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation in AR have yielded mixed results, with benefits possibly dependent upon baseline vitamin D levels, gender, age, and concomitant therapies. Although emerging evidence implies a link between vitamin D shortage and augmented threat or severity of AR, definitive statements regarding its therapeutic role have not been made. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to clarify the immunological mechanisms engaged and establish standardized clinical guidelines. This mini-review underscores the potential of vitamin D as an adjunctive approach in AR and highlights the need for individual strategies tailored to each patient's profile. This mini-review aims to synthesize evidence about the bond between vitamin D levels and AR, exploring epidemiological findings and underlying immunological mechanisms.

Isoliquiritigenin restores bone homeostasis in osteoporotic rats by enhancing BMSCs osteogenesis via ERK1/2-mTOR-HIF-1α-glycolytic axis and suppressing inflammation.

Modulation of M1 macrophage polarization by Fe3O4@Cu2-xS engineering for improved tumor immunotherapy and MRI.

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major cause of preterm birth and neonatal morbidity, with no established treatment to restore membrane integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, harbor promising therapeutic potential for fetal membranes repair. This study aimed to evaluate the rapid barrier reinforcement effect of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) using in vitro and ex vivo models of PPROM. A wound healing assay was conducted to assess the effect of WJ-MSCs on human amniotic epithelial cells proliferation and migration. An ex vivo PPROM model was established using incised human fetal membranes to simulate membrane rupture. WJ-MSCs were directly applied to the lesion site at varying doses. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by a leak test and histological analysis. WJ-MSCs and their conditioned medium significantly enhanced epithelial wound closure in vitro, demonstrating that soluble paracrine factors secreted by WJ-MSCs have the potential to aid membrane injury restoration. In the ex vivo PPROM model, WJ-MSCs treatment reduced both leakage area and frequency of fetal membranes, with the most significant effect observed at a medium dose (5.0×105 cells). Histological evaluations revealed partial recovery of the fetal membranes, particularly the chorion layer. These findings suggest that WJ-MSCs contribute to rapid barrier reinforcement of injured fetal membranes. Taken together, WJ-MSCs enhance epithelial healing and support restoration of membrane integrity, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic approach for PPROM. Further, in vivo studies are required to confirm therapeutic efficacy and evaluate safety.

In vitro and in vivo toxicological safety assessment of indigenous probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NCDC 610.

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein existing in mammalian milk. It has immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and it can also regulate metabolism. The present study investigated the effect of lactoferrin in obese children and adolescents with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. This randomized controlled trial was performed on 73 obese children and adolescents with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. The patients were randomized into two groups: group I, who received lactoferrin 100 mg once daily for 3 months, and group II, who did not receive lactoferrin or placebo as the control group. Both groups were on a hypocaloric diet. Measurements of weight, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment method of insulin resistance, lipid profile, homocysteine, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Seventy patients completed the study.After 3 months of treatment, the lactoferrin group had a significantly lower weight, body mass index (28.7 ± 1.48 vs 30.2 ± 1.45, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (47.7 ± 4.4 vs 56.4 ± 4.3, p < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment method of insulin resistance (2.86 ± 0.43 vs 3.08 ± 0.4, p = 0.03), aspartate aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 compared with the control group and the pre-treatment levels. Lactoferrin may help in weight reduction, improve insulin resistance and lipid profile, and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in obese children and adolescents with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. The clinical trial was registered at Pan African Clinical Trial Registry with ID: PACTR202302847529384,T https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=24309 .

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in approximately 778 million reported cases and over 7 million deaths worldwide as of August 2025 (WHO COVID-19 Dashboard), predominantly due to variable acute and chronic lung infections accompanied by inflammatory responses within the pulmonary tract and vasculature. Despite ongoing research, no definitive cure has been identified. Preventive measures, including vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based interventions, have been developed to protect vulnerable populations, and hundreds of therapeutic candidates have been evaluated worldwide. Complementing these strategies, vitamin D and zinc (Zn) supplementation have emerged as promising, accessible adjunctive strategies due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. This review synthesizes current experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence on the roles of vitamin D and Zn in modulating immune responses relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Available data suggest that adequate vitamin D and Zn status may support immune function, reduce excessive inflammation, and potentially mitigate disease severity, particularly in deficient individuals. However, clinical trial outcomes remain heterogeneous. Overall, vitamin D and Zn supplementation may be considered supportive, adjunctive preventive measures. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to define their optimal use in COVID-19 prevention and management.

The issue of kidney disease represents a significant global health challenge. While current treatment options may provide symptomatic relief, they are limited by several factors. Consequently, there is a pressing need to create more effective therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) and their secretome have attracted considerable attention in the field of regenerative medicine owing to their multidirectional differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties, and paracrine effects, which offer a promising solution to this challenge. However, direct transplantation of MSCs and their secretome faces problems such as low survival rate and unstable therapeutic effect in practical applications. These challenges have prompted researchers to explore strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretory factors through pretreatment. This review summarizes the current research progress on pretreated MSCs and their secretome in the treatment of kidney diseases and discusses how various pretreatment approaches can enhance their therapeutic efficacy and clinical application in renal disorders, thereby providing insights for the future optimization and therapeutic use of MSCs.

Oral cancer carries high morbidity and mortality, yet although many studies have tested Ganoderma extracts, the evidence remains scattered. This study reviewed six years of literature on Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and its nanoparticles (GLNP) for evaluating the impacts of cytotoxicity, apoptosis and immunomodulation on oral cancer. A total of 67 studies of Science Direct (20), Web of Science (12), Scopus (30) and PubMed (5) were retrieved from 447 articles from the electronic databases. Among these 33 studies focused on GLNP, demonstrating significant cytotoxic effects against oral cancer cells. Additionally, 60 studies examined GL’s active compounds, particularly triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which exhibited anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a modified risk assessment framework. The results showed that in-vitro studies demonstrated the highest quality, with 66% (40 articles) rated as good, 16% (10 articles) as fair, and 18% (11 articles) as poor. Followed by in-vivo studies with 53% (27 articles) rated as good, 33% (17 articles) as fair, and 14% (7 articles) as poor. In contrast, clinical trials showed the lowest quality, with only 22% (2 articles) rated as good, 33% (3 articles) as fair, and 45% (4 articles) as poor. The combined evidences indicate that GL and GLNP can induce apoptosis, suppress tumour growth, and boost immune responses. Nanoparticle delivery further enhances these effects by improving bioavailability and targeted delivery. However, well-designed studies are still required to confirm their true therapeutic value and clarify their clinical role as adjunct or alternative options for oral cancer.