Immoral Actions Research Articles

The Anti-Value Concept of Cowardice in Humorous Discourse of Anglo-Saxon Linguistic Culture

The article introduced the anti-value concept of cowardice in the humorous discourse of Anglo-Saxon linguistic culture. This concept is one of the main anti-values of modern Anglo-Saxon linguistic culture; however, it received very little scientific attention. Based on cognitive and axiological analyses, the author identified and analyzed the main characteristics of cowardice in humorous discourse. The analysis involved 50 episodes of stand-up specials and 500 episodes of various sitcoms. The key features of the anti-value concept of cowardice included fear, the level of danger, and the importance of overcoming danger. Other important characteristics of cowardice included immoral actions, avoiding danger, inaction, loss of control over one’s bodily functions, and unreasonable behavior. The fear of death / injury / social disapproval proved to be the main reasons for cowardice. The author also analyzed the gender aspect of the concept. Cowardice appeared to be a typical male feature because humor is often derived from breaking the gender stereotype "a man is stronger / braver than a woman".

Conspiracy beliefs, regulatory self-efficacy and compliance with COVID-19 health-related behaviors: The mediating role of moral disengagement

Although recent studies on the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have highlighted the negative effects of moral disengagement on intentions to comply with COVID-19 containment measures, little is known about the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relationship between regulatory self-efficacy in complying with the containment measures, beliefs in conspiracy theories and compliance with COVID-19 health-related behaviors.Data were collected from 1164 young adults (women, N = 796; 68.4%; mean age 25.60 ± 4.40 years) who completed an online survey from 15th May to 22nd June 2021. Results of the multi-group path analyses indicated that higher beliefs in conspiracy theories were associated with lower compliance with COVID-19 health-related behaviors, whereas higher self-efficacy beliefs in complying with the containment measures were associated with higher compliance with COVID-19 health-related behaviors. Moral disengagement significantly mediated the associations between beliefs in conspiracy theories, regulatory self-efficacy, and compliance with COVID-19 health-related behaviors. Finally, the tested model was gender-invariant.Findings suggest that public health authorities and social care professionals should promote interventions aimed at improving regulatory self-efficacy, emphasizing the moral significance of respecting or ignoring the recommended COVID-19 measures (e.g., physical distance in public), and enhancing people's concern for the potential harms of their immoral actions.

CSR Decoupling and Tax Avoidance: a Conceptual Framework

This paper proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the relationship between CSR and tax avoidance. CSR and tax avoidance are claimed to share a similar feature of morality, thereby forming the basis of argument in the linkage between the two strategies at corporate level. While prior studies examined the relationship to ascertain corporate intention of engaging in CSR, this paper proposes that the corporate intention, implied by CSR decoupling, be embedded in the framework to investigate corporate perception on what constitutes moral judgment. Specifically, this paper proposes a framework to understand if companies view tax avoidance as an immoral act. The premise of neo-institutional theory is utilised to explain the intention of CSR, through CSR decoupling, and its influence on tax avoidance. This paper proposes that the significant gap in the literature should be addressed by incorporating the intention of CSR into examination rather than concluding it; and seek to ascertain if companies view tax avoidance as immoral, concluding the huge assumption that prior studies have relied on.

Soft, Sharp, and Evil Power: The Russian Orthodox Church in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

This paper examines the enactment of soft/sharp/evil power by the Russian Orthodox Church and its leaders during a month before the major exertion of hard power by the Russian military and one month after the invasion of Ukraine. In the period from January 25 until March 25, 2022, 27 messages of the leading actors in the Church–Patriarch Kirill and Metropolitan Hilarion, head of the Department of External Church Relations (DECR)–are closely examined. The results are presented and discussed in four thematic sections: 1) soft power: the religious approach to the Russian World; 2) Sharp power: the territorial expansion of the Church with the help of the Russian state; 3) Evil power: Church leaders on war and peace; 4) Comparison with the messages of Russian political leaders (President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov). The soft power the Russian Church exercises for the benefit of Russian foreign relations is manifest in the strong emphasis on the spiritual unity of Russian and Ukrainian people within the religious narrative of the Russian World. This soft power takes the form of sharp power vis-à-vis the Ukrainian invasion and vis-à-vis those, who recognize the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine. The influence of the Russian Church in support of the Russian government’s invasion has also a dimension of evil power, that is, power exercised in service to immoral or unethical state actions such as the unwarranted invasion of Ukraine by Russian military forces. Finally, both religious and political leaders are similar in denying the agency (including autonomous existence) of the nation-state and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, they consider both the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and post-2014 Ukrainian government to be tools of outside forces (be it the West, the United States, or the Ecumenical Patriarch), and they threaten and attempt to punish everyone who supports those whom they have selected out as targets.

Внутрисемейная криминальная агрессия: глазами судебного эксперта-психолога

The psychological and criminological features of 353 persons accused of crimes against life and health while they were undergoing the complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examination have been analysed by 155 parameters. At the first stage a comparative analysis of the features of accused of crimes against the family members (116 persons) and against other persons (237 persons) has been carried out. During the second stage the same features of the accused of intra-family aggression in neutral (32) and psychotraumatic (84 persons) situations have been compared. At the third stage the psychological mechanisms of criminal aggression of the accused of family violence and other accused of crimes have been compared. It has been found that that proportion of women among persons committed intra-family offenses is relatively higher. The following factors are highlighted as main for intra-family criminal aggression: long-term psychotraumatic situation, connected with systematic illegal or immoral actions of the family members; the state of alcoholic intoxication; borderline mental disorders.

Characteristics and problems of the termination of the employment relationship with the teaching staff for committing immoral act or harassment

In the process of carrying out their professional activities, pedagogical workers are assigned special responsibility for the spiritual, moral, and patriotic education of students The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” defines “upbringing” as an activity aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination, and socialization of a student on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual, and moral values and socially accepted rules and norms of behavior in the interests of the person, family, society, and the state. This article summarizes basic requirements and restrictions on persons applying for teaching posts. The circle of persons who can be dismissed for committing immoral misconduct is determined. Issues related to the definition of immoral misconduct and harassment are considered. Peculiarities and problems of the termination of labor relations with a pedagogical worker for committing immoral misconduct incompatible with the continuation of pedagogical work (paragraph 8 of part 1 of Article 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) are considered. Attention is also drawn to peculiarities of dismissing a teacher for his application, including one-time, of the method of education associated with physical and (or) psychological violence against the student’s personality (Clause 2 of Article 336 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The relevance of the topic raised by the author, on the one hand, is determined by considerable scholarly interest, and on the other hand, is of great practical importance in determining the procedure for terminating labor relations with teachers for committing an immoral misconduct. However, a comprehensive study on this topic by legal scholars in recent years has practically not been conducted.

The Social Effects of Lies on Contemporary Society


 Islam is a religion of peace and harmony; therefore, it dislikes the unbalance environment in society. Lying is a bad habit, due to which many crimes are growing in society. If we say that lies are the root of all immoral activates it would be a more suitable word. In the present arena, we see lies everywhere in society and every person speaks lies with confidence and bravery to get the worldly benefit. It means lying has made our habit, we speak it bravery and confidence in the very matter without any fear. We have forgotten that this lying is increasing our difficulties and leads us to hell. We have become selfish in getting worldly profit and have ignored the second life (hereafter). In this research, we aimed to explain the social effects of lies on contemporary society with the views of the people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). For this purpose, we made a questionnaire, which was consisted of ten questions. We selected two hundred and ten people (one hundred and five males and the reaming one hundred and five females), whereas we got almost two hundred and seven responses of people. We gathered data randomly from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and after the collecting of data, we analyzed this data through pivot charts and we found the result, which was displayed in different diagrams. The majority of people agreed that speaking lies common in society and each person speaks lies in a very matter to get his benefit. They further said lies have become a habit of people and they speak lies without any fear of Allah Almighty and hesitation in society. Due to the lies, we see immorality in society, which is increasing day by day. Here needs that we follow the teachings of Islᾱm and spend our lives according to its teachings, then we can save ourselves and our new generation from this immoral action. This research may be useful for readers and scholars in its specific field.

Immoral Intentions vs. Accidental Actions: Age Differences in Endorsements of Anger and Disgust

Given that older adults value social harmony and selectively avoid negativity (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005), we investigated whether older and younger adults differentially react to scenarios in which someone intends to harm others compared to someone who accidentally harms others. Younger (n = 112, M = 26.23) and older (n = 113, M = 66.42) adults read 8 scenarios in which a perpetrator intentionally acts to harm someone else but is unsuccessful (Desire condition) or a perpetrator accidentally harms someone else (Consequence condition; Giner-Sorolla & Chapman, 2017). Endorsements of anger and disgust toward the perpetrators were measured on 7-point scales (1 = Not at all, 7 = Extremely). Emotion endorsements were submitted to 2 (age) x 2 (condition) ANOVAs. Anger (M = 4.81, SD = 1.58) and disgust (M = 4.82, SD = 1.54) endorsements were higher in the Desire relative to Consequence condition (M = 2.64, SD = 1.33; M = 2.49, SD = 1.29, respectively), F(2, 221) = 124.03, p < .001; F(2, 221) = 156.31, p < .001, respectively. Moreover, older (M = 5.17, SD = 1.61) relative to younger (M = 4.45, SD = 1.37) adults were disproportionately disgusted in the Desire condition, t(102) = 2.45, p = .016, but no age differences emerged in the Consequence condition. Results indicate that older (relative to younger) adults are disproportionately disgusted when judging a person who intends to harm others. Older adults may respond more strongly than younger adults to malicious perpetrators, as they intentionally upset social harmony.

Praktek Islam di Era Media Global: Konvergensi Media Sosial sebagai Sumber Ilmu Pengetahuan Agama Islam

Social media in this digital era has become a source of concentration in information. Not a few uses of social media as a source of knowledge in religious values (Islam). This study aims to discuss the practice of Islam in the global media era of social media convergence as a source of Islamic religious knowledge. The research uses a qualitative approach through descriptive-analytical methods. The results and discussion of this study indicate that the facts that we can see today, there are a lot of misleading, gossiping and immoral actions that originate from various content available on social media, of course, it becomes homework for all, especially parents, teachers and preachers so that they can help. educate the younger generation so that they become wiser and smarter in using social media. This study concludes that in a religious context, the convergence of social media as a source of knowledge has both positive and negative impacts. This study recommends all social media users to continue to adopt sciences whose sources of references and learning narrations are clear, especially on religious issues (Islam).

An Analysis of Reported Crime against Women and Girls in Eastern India

Crimes against women and girls have been increasing in recent years as reported by the National Crime Records Bureau. It becomes a serious social evil worldwide. The study has been tried to find out the trend of crimes against women for the period of the last ten years (2010-2019) in the states of eastern India i.e. Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. The study has been based on secondary data from the National Crime Records Bureau, Govt of India. The data have been extracted and analyzed to get the status of crimes in particular categories. The crime records of Bihar show an increasing rate of women assault cases. Jharkhand data shows that indecent representation of women has increased in recent years. In West Bengal Cruelty by husband is the most reported crime in West Bengal and it is also observed that rape cases were decreased in West Bengal continuously in the last ten years. It has been found that Orissa and Bihar are significantly high in crimes like women assault on the internet, an insult to the modesty of women, kidnapping and rape comparing other states of study. Cruelty by husbands and cases under the immoral traffic act had significantly higher in West Bengal compared to other states under study. The Dowry death and kidnapping and abduction are significantly high in Bihar. The different levels of crimes against women in different states not only indicates the status of women in the society and the law and order situations of that state but also it is a reflection of the socio-psychological aspects. Proper implementation of laws along with awareness of related issues, along with continuous monitoring can play a crucial role to minimize the overall crime scenario.

Referral vs Transfer of Care: Ethical Options When Values Differ.

Conscientious objection (CO) in medicine is where a healthcare professional (HCP) firmly opposes, with an expression of reasoned disapproval, a legally available procedure or treatment that is proscribed by one's conscience. While there remains controversy regarding whether conscientious objection should be a part of medicine, even among those who support CO state that if the HCP does not provide the requested service such as abortion, physician assisted suicide, etc., there is an obligation on the part of the objecting HCP to refer to someone who will provide it. However, referral makes the referring HCP complicit in the act the referrer believes to be immoral since the referrer has a duty to know that the HCP who will accept the patient is not only able to do the procedure but is competent in its performance as well. The referrer thus facilitates the process. Since one has a moral obligation to limit complicity with immoral actions when it cannot be avoided, the alternative is to allow the patient to transfer care to another when the patient has made the autonomous decision to reject the advice of the HCP.

Getting the Cosmology Right

Getting the Cosmology Right

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT KH. HASYIM ASY’ARI (Analisis Kritis Kode Etik Murid Terhadap Guru)

Abstract. Students, will not have the success of science and will not benefit from the knowledge they have, other than if they want to glorify the knowledge itself, respect the experts and exalt it. It is explained that a person will achieve success if he himself glorifies something he is looking for; so too is a person's failure because he does not want to glorify something he is looking for. According to KH. Hasyim Asy'ari in the Book of Adab Al-'Alim wal Muta'allim, the ethics of a student towards his teacher is divided into 12 ethics, namely: choosing an educator figure; looking for competent teachers; obey the educator; glorify educators; fulfill the rights of educators; positive thinking in educators; pay attention to karma when meeting educators; manners when sharing the room with educators; arranged karma on the opinion of educators; show a happy attitude and enthusiasm for learning; pay attention to manners when communicating; arranged karma in educators in all situations and conditions. KH thinking Islamic education. Hasyim Asy'ari is very relevant when placed in modern times today. The learning process takes a long and gradual one. Science will not easily apply our hearts are still dirty with immoral actions. We need to purify our hearts to learn, so that what our hearts can accept and can easily be applied in actions that reflect good morals. Every action depends on the intention. Thus it is clear from the viewpoint of Islam that students have an obligation to follow the rules or norms that are in accordance with the National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003 article 12 paragraph 1. to ensure the continuity of the process and education.&#x0D;

Sirkulasi Sosiologis dan Psikologis dalam Fenomena Bullying di Pesantren

Bullying has two different perceptions in pesantren. Firstly, bullying is something tense, stressful, containing an element that is very hard, extreme. Pesantren as educational institutions that educate students morals has immoral actions that to fatal. Secondly, bullying has goodwill, to practice independence, heart constancy of students in pesantren. Bullying words or actions that normally (mild bullying) don’t mean to be criminal but based on to strengthen the relationship of brotherhood so that mentally strengthen of students. This article is the result of the author’s thought who observes of the reality that bullying culture circulation at in pesantren. A systematic reflection is an approach for the author in making this research. The author analyzes that the circulation of sociological is the action or verbal bullying in pesantren is can has a positive impact that is growing the power mental of students. However, that psychologically bullying in pesantren has a negative impact that is something very fatal like depression, stress, and other ugliness.

Opening the Public Accessibility to the Wreckage of the RMS Titanic: Some Ethical Reflections

In 2021, Ocean Gate Expeditions allowed people to visit the remains of the RMS Titanic. While this is not the first time that the site has been accessed for touristic aims, this case has, once again, opened the debate about the ethics of such experiences. The key dilemma is if permitting the public access to a natural graveyard, such as the wreck of the Titanic, should be considered as an acceptable practice or an immoral act that must be banned. Notwithstanding the sensitive arguments raised against the organization of similar initiatives, the visit to the RMS Titanic seems to be a valuable and legitimate practice according to diverse ethical approaches.

Comment on Kwong-loi Shun, ‘Anger, Compassion, and the Distinction between First and Third Person’

ABSTRACT A critical discussion of Kwong-loi Shun’s account of anger as a response to situations rather than agents. The paper draws on a relational interpretation of the moral domain to argue that it makes a normative difference to one’s moral emotions whether one was the immediate victim of wrongful conduct, or merely a third-party observer of such conduct. Those who have been wronged by immoral actions have warrant for a kind of angry resentment that does not carry over to third parties. The paper also questions whether negative emotions are fully intelligible as forms of anger if they are not states that put one in opposition to specific agents rather than responses to unfortunate situations.

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REGARDING THE PROHIBITION OF PROPERTY AND IMMORAL CONDUCT

Prostitution is an activity of offering sex edgaged to people to be enjoyed in general or voluntarily in order to obtain a reward for that person's sexual satisfaction . However, prostitution activity violates the norms and values of society as seen in prostitution activities in Sukabumi Regency area which often disturbs the community . Therefore the regional government issued Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2015 concerning the Prohibition of Prostitution and Immoral Acts which are the result of public policies which are forms or types of legal provisions that must be implemented in society, but at the level of implementation it is still not optimal. The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of the Regional Regulation of Sukabumi Regency in carrying out the rules prohibiting prostitution and immoral acts. The implementation of this local government policy has not regulated well because of many factors that affect its implementation, both from the regulation itself, human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure.

Empirical Analysis of Opportunism Based on Data on University Students of Different Courses

The article is devoted to the New Institutional analysis of the factors of opportunism among students of different courses. The analysis is based on a survey in which 231 students from the Higher School of Economics and other Russian universities took part from February to May 2021. Econometric modeling is based on Latent class analysis, which allows the identification of unobservable groups based on the observed categorical variables presented. One of the main findings of the research is that fourth year students are less prone to opportunism than first, second and third year students. This can be explained by the higher opportunity costs of cheating among fourth year students and their greater independence, primarily financial. In addition, students who are motivated primarily to obtain knowledge (mastery) show a lesser inclination towards opportunism compared with students whose main motive is the degree (performance). Furthermore, a higher level of rationality, both in a general sense and in relation to budget planning, is reflected in a greater tendency to dishonest behavior. Finally, more honest behavior outside the university is combined with more dishonest academic behavior. The latter can be explained by the fact that it is psychologically more difficult to commit an immoral act in relation to a loved one than to do so in an academic environment, when you deceive a not personally familiar person and not even a specific person. Thus, on the basis of the analysis carried out, it can be understood under what conditions the student environment will be characterized by a higher propensity for opportunism and, accordingly, a lower rate of human capital accumulation.

The role of the television reality show in professional and creative foundations and development of society

We tried to study reality shows on domestic television, to determine the observance of moral and ethical principles and its impact on society. The purpose is to consider reality shows in Kazakhstan that have not yet formed in terms of genre. Moreover, we have to scrutinize the adherence of ethical and legal norms in broadcasting programs in this area and its influence on society. The idea is to consider the issues and prospects of private reality shows. Also, identify efficient models of this form for our television from the world experience of this form. Scientific and practical significance – there is a negative opinion in society that a reality show is a way to keep its audience in front of the screen by arguing, broadcasting immoral actions. The explorational work implicates forming of a stable mentality that will change the unequal assumption of many regarding reality TV. As the research methodology used in the methods of analysis, comparison, generalization, review study. The expected result is to confirm the genre features of reality shows on television applying specific examples; to cite an example of a television project in the form of an unconventional reality show, which has not yet found reflection on domestic television. The value of the research: The article is basing on the scientific works of domestic and foreign experts. Furthermore, were viewed internet resources as individual television channel websites. Statistical data from the television informational organizations specifically evaluated to disclose the essence of the work. For this, were analyzed about 50 reality-show programs from domestic and several foreign channels. Today, there are several scientific works of world media analysts about reality-show in television. However, the materials provided by Kazakhstani television journalism do not provide complete information about this form. Actually, besides published comments of irrespective specialists and television veterans on the mass media, there is not significant explorational data about this form. Consequently, the information there can be used to monitor the progress degree of the reality-show. Keywords: reality-show, television genre, society, journalism ethics

Global Management Strategy and Entrepreneurship of LOTTE

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine Japanese-Korean entrepreneur Lotte’s management strategy and entrepreneurship. This paper derives the management strategy and entrepreneurship of Lotte, ‘Shin, Kyuk-Ho’ who contributed to the development of the Japanese economy and the homeland economy after Korean-Japanese companies have successfully developed dynamic business as a minority company overcoming the adversity of discrimination and exclusion in Japanese society. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper assumes that social factors, economic factors, and political factors in the home country will influence the management strategy of the entrepreneur on the management activities and entrepreneurship of Korean-Japanese companies, and the relationship with the home country, which is a political factor, as a management strategy of Lotte. The analysis was focused on entrepreneurship, which is the personal characteristic of entrepreneurs. Results: The results of this analysis are as follows. First, from a social point of view, Japanese-Koreans chose the path of starting a business in a ‘niche market’ because the way to enter the mainstream Japanese society was limited and there were no opportunities for self-realization other than economic activities. Second, from a socio-cultural point of view, Lotte succeeded in starting a business by predicting the future scalability of its business, despite the Japanese cultural structure in which chewing gum itself is regarded as an immoral act. Third, from the economic management strategic point of view, Lotte implemented an aggressive management strategy of “Attack is the greatest defense” against discrimination in the Japanese industry and used a strategy to strengthen sales power in preparation for competition with other companies. Fourth, from a political point of view, Lotte started investing in the home country during the ‘Syng-Man Rhee’ regime in 1958, and with the birth of the ‘Park, Chung-Hee’ regime in 1961, established Korea Lotte and succeeded as a Lotte food products. Implications: In conclusion, Lotte Chairman ‘Shin, Kyuk-Ho’ is an entrepreneur who has practiced a visionary ability to see the trends of the times, an aggressive management style based on trust, a global management strategy that considers the Korean and Japanese societies, and the entrepreneurship that has led Investment and contribution to the home country. This implies the result of a complex action of the personal experiences, socio-cultural factors, and political factors of Japanese-Korean entrepreneurs.