Duration Of Immersion Research Articles

Masculinization of betta fish (<i>Betta</i> sp) using cow testic flour through Artemia Immersion

Betta fish (Betta sp) is a freshwater ornamental fish during the pandemic that is very popular with the public. However, people tend to prefer male betta fish than female fish. To deal with the large number of requests, a sex reversal technique is carried out which applies hormonal engineering to change female to male sexual characters (masculinization) using natural ingredients, namely cow testicle flour. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dose of bovine testicular flour hormone on the process of oral male betta fish larvae. This research was conducted in Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency, from July to September 2021. The production of beef testicle flour was carried out in the Chemical Engineering laboratory, Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic. Betta fish seeds were kept each in an aquarium measuring 20 cm x 14 cm x 20 cm as many as 12 pieces. Soaking artemia with beef testicle flour with a predetermined dose of 60 mg L-1, 80 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1, the duration of immersion is 24 hours. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD). The results obtained were the highest percentage of male genitalia at a dose of 100 mg L-1 with a percentage of 66.7%. The survival rate of betta fish during the maintenance period with different doses of cow testicles obtained data ranging from 80-100%.

Athlete, coach and practitioner knowledge and perceptions of post-exercise cold-water immersion for recovery: a qualitative and quantitative exploration

This survey sought to establish current use, knowledge and perceptions of cold-water immersion (CWI) when used for recovery. 111 athletes, coaches and support practitioners completed the anonymous online survey, answering questions about their current CWI protocols, perceptions of benefits associated with CWI and knowledge of controlling mechanisms. Respondents were largely involved in elite sport at international, national and club level, with many having used CWI previously (86%) and finding its use beneficial for recovery (78%). Protocols differed, with the duration of immersion one aspect that failed to align with recommendations in the scientific literature. Whilst many respondents were aware of benefits associated with CWI, there remains some confusion. There also seems to be a gap in mechanistic knowledge, where respondents are aware of benefits associated with CWI, but failed to identify the underlying mechanisms. This identifies the need for an improved method of knowledge transfer between scientific and applied practice communities. Moreover, data herein emphasises the important role of the ‘support practitioner’ as respondents in this role tended to favour CWI protocols more aligned to recommendations within the literature. With a significant number of respondents claiming they were made aware of CWI for recovery through a colleague (43%), the importance of knowledge transfer and context being appropriately applied to data is as important as ever. With the firm belief that CWI is useful for recovery in sport, the focus should now be on investigating the psychophysiological interaction and correct use of this methodology.

Experimental and numerical investigation of fiberglass rod joint on mechanical characteristic and failure mode in high water-content wells

ABSTRACT At present, fiberglass sucker rod has been gradually utilized in low permeability reservoirs because of their high strength and strong corrosion resistance. However, the bonding joint of fiberglass sucker rod in high water-content well is particularly prone to break and fall off, which influences the service life and construction safety of recovery operation. Current researches mainly focused on the bonding strength at room temperature, and less consideration was given to the residual strength and failure pattern under immersion. This paper proposed a novel diffusion-structure finite element model (FEM) based on transient dynamic method to simulate the process of water into the joint, and the life-death element method was adopted to study the progressive damage of bonding joints verified by indoor experiment in order to predict residual failure strength and obtain failure mode in submerged environment. As immersion duration extended, the results illustrated that a) the cohesive failure gradually became main failure; b) the maximum von Mises stress, shear stress, and end deformation of bonded joint increased and the maximum interfacial stress barely unchanged within the range of 5%; c) the numerically predicted strength decreased from 21.8 to 11.5 MPa, which was in good agreement with the experimental results within a deviation of 8%.

Corrosion of partially and fully debonded steel fibers from ultra-high-performance concrete and its influence on pullout resistance

The corrosion behaviors of partially and fully debonded steel fibers embedded in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and their impact on the pullout behavior were investigated. For this purpose, pre-loaded dog-bone samples were immersed in a 3.5% standard sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for 4, 10, and 20 weeks and then pull-out tested. The degree of corrosion on the fiber surface was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The test results indicated that the bond strength and pullout energy are improved by 54% and 90% maximally due to surface corrosion up to an immersion duration of 20 weeks. The effect of surface corrosion on the pullout properties was insignificantly influenced by the fiber pullout state (partially or fully debonded) up to 10 weeks, but the fully debonded fiber was prematurely ruptured at the longest duration of 20 weeks. The corrosion resistance of steel fiber in UHPC was earlier deteriorated, given the full debonding state (or the larger slip). The chemically debonded region was evidently corroded due to ferric oxide formation even after the shortest immersion duration of 4 weeks, whereas the bonded region with highly densified microstructures was insignificantly corroded. By surface corrosion, the pullout energy of the steel fiber in UHPC increased more significantly as compared with the average bond strength, owing to the twice or more frictional shear stress acting at the fiber–matrix interface.

Experimental investigation and multi-objective optimization of multiple mechanical characteristics for chemically treated kenaf fibre reinforced epoxy composite using grey fuzzy logic

In the present work, chemically treated kenaf fibre (10, 20 and 30 wt. %) reinforced epoxy resin composite formulations were fabricated using hand lay-up technique. The prepared composites were mechanically characterized using Taguchi L27experimental design to examine the influence of varying kenaf fibre wt. %, NaOH concentration % for chemical treatment, and fibre immersion duration. The grey-fuzzy optimization approach was utilized for optimizing prepared formulations mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength. Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests and response graphs were utilized for delivering model significance and determining the percentage contribution of input variables. The NaOH concentration % was found to be most significant parameter followed by kenaf wt. % in providing best mechanical properties of chemically treated kenaf fibre reinforced epoxy composites.

Characteristic of isolated crude bromelain extract from cayenne pineapple crown in various drying temperature and its effect on meat texture

Bromelain enzyme is a protease enzyme that is abundantly found in pineapples. Pineapple crown is a part of pineapple that contains bromelain enzyme which its content remains unknown. This study was aimed to discover the effect of drying on the moisture content, yield, and characteristics of the enzyme of cayenne pineapple crown, namely protein content, activity units and specific activities. This study also aimed to discover its effect on the beef texture with a difference in duration in the immersion process. The method used was different drying temperatures of 55oC, 50oC, 45oC, 40oC, 35oC, and 30oC which was analysed descriptively and the difference of immersion duration in beef using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with four treatments, namely immersion duration of 0-hour, 2-hrs, 4-hrs, 6-hrs with 5 repetitions. The results obtained was the optimal drying temperature was 55oC due to its best moisture content, protein content, and best enzyme characteristics and it was known that there was a significant effect (p<0.05) of immersion duration on the meat texture with the optimal immersion duration of 4 hrs with the best texture.

Factorial Design for Studying the Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Exposed to Aggressive Media

Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) mixes (1.15: 2.3: 4.6) cement: fine aggregate (sand): coarse aggregate (demolition concrete waste), water / cement (0.5), and 50 % demolition aggregates were prepared according to standard procedure. The resistance of the recycled aggregate concretes towards chemicals was investigated throughout the attack of (Acid: acetic Acid HAC, and salt: Sodium Chloride NaCl) solutions. The test was carried out based on adopted experiments designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A 2-operating parameter central composite design was adopted to study the impact of concentration of the HAC and NaCl solutions (0.1-0.45) Molar, and immersion period (0.57-6.9) day of the (RACs) specimens on weight loss, compressive strength and density. The results obtained confirmed that weight loss increases, but both compressive strength and density decreases after the aggressive solutions attack, however HAC seemed more aggressive. The decrease in compressive strength was (2.8-42) % and (3.2-10.8) %, while the decrease in density was (0.72-2.05) % and (0.6-1.8) % for the samples immersed in HAC and NaCl solutions respectively. The mathematical models presenting the effect of concentration of the aggressive media and immersion duration on weight loss, compressive strength and density were estimated, and the effects were optimized and modeled. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that an optimum compressive strength (37.8 and 34.8) MPa is obtained for the RACs immersed for 0.56 day at 0.1 Molar HAC and NaCl respectively.

Influence of bovine serum albumin on corrosion behaviour of pure Zn in phosphate buffered saline

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys have received increasing attention as new alternative biodegradable metals. However, consensus has not been reached on the corrosion behaviour of Zn. As cardiovascular artery stent material, Zn is supposed to contact with plasma that contains inorganic salts and organic components. Protein is one of the most important constitute in the plasma and could adsorb on the material surface. In this paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a typical protein. Influences of BSA on pure Zn corrosion in phosphate buffered saline is investigated as a function of BSA concentrations and immersion durations by electrochemical techniques and surface analysis. Results showed that pure Zn corrosion was progressively accelerated with BSA concentrations (ranging from 0.05 to 5 g L−1) at 0.5 h. With time evolves, formation of phosphates as corrosion product was delayed by BSA adsorption, especially at concentration of 2 g L−1. Within 48 h, the corrosion of pure Zn was alleviated by BSA at concentration of 0.1 g L−1, whereas the corrosion was enhanced after 168 h. Addition of 2 g L−1 BSA has opposite influence on the pure Zn corrosion. Furthermore, schematic corrosion behaviour at protein/Zn interfaces was proposed. This work encourages us to think more about the influence of protein on the material corrosion and helps us to better understand the corrosion behaviour of pure Zn.

The Effect of Silica Dioxide (SiO2) Nanoparticle Coating and Duration of Coffee Immersion on Discoloration of Thermoplastic Nylon Denture Base

Introduction: Silica dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticle have long been used as a denture base coating. Thermoplastic nylon denture base material is prone to discoloration due to its amide bonds absorb water easily. Meanwhile, coffee contains chlorogenic and tanic acid, which can change the color of denture bases. Purpose: This study was to examine the effect SiO2 coating and duration of coffee immersion on discoloration of thermoplastic nylon denture base. Method: Samples consisted of 24 thermoplastic nylon in square-shaped (30 x 30 x 2 mm), divided into 4 groups (n = 6) which were control (without SiO2 coating) and treatment (with SiO2 coating) groups, which then were immersed in coffee solution for 15 and 30 days. Discoloration test was conducted using spectrophotometer by measuring the delta absorbance of light before and after coffee immersion. Result: The lowest delta absorbance was in the 15-day treatment group (0.019 ± 0.006) and the highest was in the 30-day control group (0.085 ± 0.028). Two-way ANOVA test showed that SiO2 coating and coffee immersion had an effect on discoloration of thermoplastic nylon (p <0.05). Post hoc LSD test showed that there were significant differences between the control and treatment group at 15 and 30 days of coffee immersion (p <0.05). Conclusion: SiO2 as a thermoplastic nylon denture base coating can reduce discoloration by coffee immersion for 15 and 30 days.There were no differences between 15 and 30 days of coffee immersion on thermoplastic nylon’s discoloration in the control and treatment groups.

Corrosion of Carbon Steel and alloy Steel: effect of humidity and hydrochloric acid

The corrosion performance of hypo-eutectoid carbon steel, and alloy steel used in steam boilers at Al-Najibiyah Thermal Power Station in the Iraqi city of Basra was investigated. These metals were exposed to different media such as moisture and acids for (30, 45, and 60) days, then the rate of corrosion was calculated in a way of weight loss. The influence of carbon content, corrosive media and duration of immersion on samples of hypo-eutectic carbon steel and alloy steel were studied. The results showed an increase in the percentage of corrosion as a result of the increase in carbon content, and alloy steel has a high resistance to corrosion than carbon steel in the different corrosive media used in this study.

Analysis of Salinity from Seawater on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Bamboo Fiber Composites with an Epoxy Resin Matrix for Ship Skin Materials

The use of bamboo fiber as a natural composite material has been widely studied. The results of previous research indicate that Apus bamboo fiber is highly recommended as an alternative material to replace wood as ship’s skin. This study examines the effect of seawater salinity on changes in the physical and mechanical properties of laminated bamboo composites, considering that ships are generally operated at sea. Apus bamboo fibers (Gigantochloa Apus) used in this study came from the Getasan Salatiga area, Central Java. The variables studied in this study have been variations in the number of layers totaling 3, 5, and 7 layers and blade thickness of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm, with the direction of the fibers crossing each other at an angle of 0o/90o, and the average width of the bamboo slats has been 20 mm. Apus bamboo fibers are formed into boards reinforced with an epoxy resin with the hand lay-up lamination technique and are given a compressing pressure of 2 MPa, so that a board with a thickness of 6.5 mm with a fiber weight fraction 0.65%–0.75% is formed. The boards have been immersed in the sea for a period of 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. In order to determine the effect of seawater salinity on the physical and the mechanical properties of laminated bamboo, the specimen has been characterized by mechanical tests that include moisture content, specific gravity, shrinkage, tensile test, bending test, and impact test. The test results indicate that as the duration of immersion in seawater increases, there will be a decrease in tensile stress by 1.46%-2.61%, in the modulus of tensile elasticity by 1.14%-3.67%, in bending stress by 1.02%–2.28%, in the modulus of bending elasticity by 1.36%-3.45%, and in impact strength by 7.63%-11.51%. The test results on the physical properties of the test object have occurred based on an increase in water content, specific gravity, and changes in thickness dimensions on the test object.

Surface roughness and colour changes of nanofilled composite resin after immersion in yogurt drink

Nanofilled composite resin is one of restorative materials with some weaknesses, such as changes of colour and surface roughness. These weaknesses are attributed to some factors, including frequent consumption some beverages, including yoghurt drinks. This study aims to determine the effect of long immersion of nanofilled composite resin in guava yogurt drink on discoloration and changes in surface roughness. Subjects of the study were nanofilled composite resin materials (3M Filtek Z350XT shade A3) in cylindrical shape with a diameter of 10 mm and 2 mm thickness. Study was conducted by immersing nanofilled resin composites in 10 mL of guava yogurt drink at 37 °C. Twelve specimens were divided into 3 groups with immersion duration of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. Surface roughness measurements were carried out using a profilometer Starrett SR300 surface roughness tester, while the colour measurement parameters according to the system L * a * b * was measured using chromameter Konica Minolta CR-400 before and after treatment. Data of changes in surface roughness and colour changes data (ΔE) were calculated and analysed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed insignificant surface roughness changes but significant colour changes in nanofilled composite resin in the groups of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. It is concluded that immersion duration in guava yoghurt drink significantly affects the colour of nanofilled composite resin.

Effect of Immersion Duration and Meat Thickness of Soaked Meat in Liquid Smoke on Physical and the Sensory Quality of Beef

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersion duration and meat thickness of soaked meat in liquid smoke on the physical and sensory quality of beef. This experiment used Longisimus dorsi of Simmental bull beef that slaughtered at two years old. The observed variables were pH value, cooking loss and beef sensory properties (beef appearance, aroma, tenderness and flavour). The pH value and cooking loss data were analyzed of variance (Anova) at 5% significance level. The Duncan Multiple Range Test was applied when there was significant effect of treatment on pH and coking loss. Beef sensory properties data were Anova at 5% significance level and followed by Mann Whitney Test when there was significant effect of treatment on the observed variables. The result showed that there was no interaction (P>0.05) between immersion duration and meat thickness on all observed variables. The immersion duration gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on the pH value, beef appearance, aroma, and flavour while meat thickness gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on meat tenderness. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of immersion duration and meat thickness on cooking loss. In conclusion, panelists prefer meat that soaked in liquid smoke for five minutes.

Molluscicidal activity of the Bacillus velezensisis Y6 strain against Oncomelania hupensis and its preliminary mechanisms of molluscicidal actions

To assess the molluscicidal activity of the of Bacillus Y6 strain against Oncomelania hupensis in laboratory, and to preliminarily investigate its mechanisms of molluscicidal actions. Biological identification of the Y6 strain was performed based on analysis of its morphological and physiochemical features and homology analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence. Bacillus Y6 suspensions were formulated at concentrations of 0.005, 0.010 g/mL and 0.015 g/mL, and the molluscicidal activity of Bacillus Y6 suspensions against O. hupensis was tested in laboratory using the immersion method. In addition, the Bacillus Y6 content and glycogen content were detected in O. hupensis following exposure to Bacillus Y6 suspensions to preliminarily explore the molluscicidal mechanism of the Bacillus Y6 strain against O. hupensis. The colony of the Bacillus Y6 strain appeared non-transparent milky white, and mycoderma was produced on the surface of the nutrient agar liquid medium. The Y6 stain was Gram positive and rod-shaped, and the endospore was located at the center of the Bacillus Y6 strain and appeared an achromatic, transparent and refractive body, which was encapsulated by the Y6 strain. The Y6 strain was positive for the lecithinase test, and the 16S rDNA gene sequence showed a 100% homology with those of multiple B. velezensisis strains, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis. The Y6 strain was therefore identified as B. velezensisis. Following immersion in the Bacillus Y6 suspensions at concentrations of 0.005, 0.010 g/mL and 0.015 g/mL for 24, 48 h and 72 h, the mortality rates of Oncomelania snails were 28.3%, 31.7% and 81.6%, 43.3%, 58.3% and 93.3%, and 63.3%, 78.3% and 98.3%, respectively. The molluscicidal activity of the Bacillus Y6 suspensions increased with the suspension concentration and duration of immersion. Microscopy and colony counting revealed the highest Y6 content in dead snails and the lowest in living snails following immersion in Bacillus Y6 suspensions, and the mean glycogen contents were (0.68 ± 0.06), (1.09 ± 0.16) μg/mg and (2.56 ± 0.32) μg/mg in the soft tissues of dead, dying and living snails following immersion in Bacillus Y6 suspensions (F = 59.519, P < 0.05), and the mean glycogen content was significantly higher in living snails than in dead (t = 14.073, P < 0.05) and dying snails (t = 10.027, P < 0.05), while the mean glycogen content was significantly higher in dying snails than in dead snails (t = 5.983, P < 0.05). The B. velezensisis Y6 strain shows a high molluscicidal activity against O. hupensis snails, and its invasion may cause glycogen metabolism disorders, leading to snail death.

Effect of Immersion Duration on Shear Behavior of Granite Fractures

Effect of Immersion Duration on Shear Behavior of Granite Fractures

Vowel development in young Mandarin-English bilingual children.

This study examined the development of vowel categories in young Mandarin -English bilingual children. The participants included 35 children aged between 3 and 4 years old (15 Mandarin-English bilinguals, six English monolinguals, and 14 Mandarin monolinguals). The bilingual children were divided into two groups: one group had a shorter duration (<1 year) of intensive immersion in English (Bi-low group) and one group had a longer duration (>1 year) of intensive immersion in English (Bi-high group). The participants were recorded producing one list of Mandarin words containing the vowels /a, i, u, y, ɤ/ and/or one list of English words containing the vowels /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, u, ʊ, o, ɑ, ʌ/. Formant frequency values were extracted at five equidistant time locations (the 20-35-50-65-80% point) over the course of vowel duration. Cross-language and within-language comparisons were conducted on the midpoint formant values and formant trajectories. The results showed that children in the Bi-low group produced their English vowels into clusters and showed positional deviations from the monolingual targets. However, they maintained the phonetic features of their native vowel sounds well and mainly used an assimilatory process to organize the vowel systems. Children in the Bi-high group separated their English vowels well. They used both assimilatory and dissimilatory processes to construct and refine the two vowel systems. These bilingual children approximated monolingual English children to a better extent than the children in the Bi-low group. However, when compared to the monolingual peers, they demonstrated observable deviations in both L1 and L2.

The Effect Of Giving Various Kinds And Immersion Of ZPT On The Growth Of Tin Cuttings (Ficus carica L.).

This study aims to determine the effect of giving various kinds and duration of ZPT immersion on the growth of tin plant cuttings (Ficus carica L.). This research was carried out in October - December 2020, at the Terdana Village, Pondok Kubang District, Central Bengkulu Regency. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, the first factor was giving various PGR (Z) which consisted of Control, Rootone-F, Shallot Solution, Bamboo Shoots Solution, while the second factor was the duration of immersion of PGR which consisted of of 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results of the study were analyzed using Variety Analysis and if it had a significant effect, further tests were carried out using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) level 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction between the administration of Rootone-F and the immersion time of ZPT 12 to 24 hours on the percentage of live cuttings of Tin (Ficus carica L.) plant. 12 WAP, root length, percentage of live cuttings and leaf area on cuttings growth of Tin (Ficus carica L.) PGR immersion time treatment was not able to increase shoot length 12 WAP, number of shoots 12 WAP, number of leaves 12 WAP, root length, percentage of cuttings Life and leaf area on the growth of cuttings of Tin (Ficus carica L.) It is recommended to increase the concentration of natural PGR so that it can be used as a substitute for Rootone-F.

Utilization of garlic as traditional fish handling in Molluccas Islands: case study on layang fish (Decapterus macrosoma, BLECKER)

Fish form part of a highly nutritional diet and provide a source of essential proteins. However, they can rapidly degrade, particularly when in a fresh state and not handled properly. Degradation can occur either biochemically or microbiologically. Various methods can be implemented to maintain the quality of fresh fish; for example, the utilization of natural preservatives such as garlic. Garlic is a herb which has been proven to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Tubers of garlic contain antimicrobial compounds such as allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) and ajoene. This study aimed to determine the effect of immersion duration in a garlic solution on the freshness level of shortfin scad fish. The Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN) values ranged from 25.33 mg%N to 78.66 mg%N, the bacterial TPC (Total Plate Count) was 7.5×101 to 1.6×105 CFU/g, and the pH 5.9 to 8.0. Visibility ranged from 4.64 to 8.33, odor 3.47 to 8.75, and texture 3.62 to 8.20. This study found that immersion treatment using garlic can maintain fish quality for eight hours, with a 20-minute immersion treatment obtaining optimal parameter values.

Bond durability and service life prediction of BFRP bars to steel FRC under aggressive environmental conditions

This study presents an experimental investigation on the bond durability of helically wrapped basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars embedded in plain and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) under the combined effect of simulated oceanic environment and elevated temperatures. A total of sixty-three pullout specimens were tested to study the effect of concrete type (plain and SFRC), immersion temperature (35 °C and 60 °C), immersion duration (30, 60, and 90 days), and fiber volume fraction (Vf) of steel fibers (0.5% and 1%). The bond durability of the used bars was examined based on the bond strength and mode of failure. The BFRP bars at the interface along the embedment length with concrete were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the BPE and CMR models for bond-slip behavior were calibrated considering the immersion temperature, concrete type, and exposure duration. The experimental results revealed that the pullout specimens with Vf = 1% showed higher bond durability performance than specimens with Vf = 0.5%, particularly at high temperatures. Furthermore, the CMR model showed better correlation with the experimental data than the BPE model. Moreover, the 50 years service life prediction showed bond strength retentions of BFRP bars that ranged from 54% to 86% depending on the type of concrete (plain and SFRC), surrounding mean annual temperature (5 °C to 35 °C), and degree of moisture (dry, moist, and moisture saturated).

Pengaruh Air Mengunakan Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Pada Campuran Beton Aspal Berdasarkan Uji Cantabro Dan Indirect Tensile Strength

The impact of RAP on water was identified to be analyzed for the material's resistance to water because there are still a lot of waterlogged pavements in Indonesia. This research uses RAP variation 0%, 25% and 35%. The test is the Marshall test to get the optimum asphalt content value, the Cantabro test to determine the weight loss for 300 rounds and the durability by varying the immersion 0.1, 2, 4 and 7 days which will be tested for ITS. The KAO value obtained for each variation is 5.4% for 0% Rap, 5.6 for 25% Rap and 6% for 35% RAP. The results of the Cantabro test show that the largest percentage of weight loss is a mixture of 35% RAP which is 12.54%, where for 0% RAP there is a weight loss of 10.85% and at 25% RAP there is a weight loss of 11.66%. ITS test results have the highest value with variations of RAP 0%, RAP 25% and RAP 35%. variations of 0%, 25% and 35% showed a decreasing trend until the 7th day of immersion, it can be said that in the three variations the ITS value was influenced by the duration of continuous immersion.&#x0D; Keywords: RAP, AC-WC, Marshall, Cantabro, Indirect Tensile Strength