Imam Muslim Research Articles

Deductive fundamentalist opinions in Al-Bukhari’s narratives and his jurisprudential inferences

The method of fatwa "advisory opinion" was prevalent in accordance with the phenomena of texts after the departure of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the nation’s need for governance. It has the mandated, so the methods of inference, jurisprudential and intellectual, expanded, and the history of Muslims witnessed a diversity in the schools of jurisprudence to clarify the rulings. Innovative and modern scholars and jurists have been emerged, most notably Al-Bukhari, and his scientific influence in his time led to an active scientific movement later in the field of classification, authorship, explanation and commentary, especially on Sahih Al-Bukhari. In his manner, or criticizing him, or in explaining and commenting on him, and from that criticism of him by Imam Muslim, he proceeded on his way in singling out the authentic hadiths that are attributed without others, so he answered the call of his Lord and left behind him a heritage and various works in thought, jurisprudence, assets and others. Hence, the mentioned research comes under "Fundamentalist Thought in Al-Bukhari's Narratives". The researcher touched on the beginnings of the emergence of the science of fundamentalism and fundamentalist schools, and then focused on Al-Bukhari's work in his accounts and his inference based on those necessary rules to elicit in his narratives as the indication of the words on the command and prohibition, the authoritative Sunnah of the report, the context and others through the most important sources.

Takhrij Hadith the Obligation of Dutiful Children to Parents

The purpose of this study is to discuss the hadith about filial piety to parents. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical method. The formal object of this research is the takhrij hadith within the scope of hadith science, while the material object is the hadith about filial piety to parents. The results and discussion of this study indicate that the Hadith of Imam Muslim History No. 123 concerning filial piety to parents with valid quality. This study concludes that the hadith is maqbul ma'mul bih as the basis of Islam in the teachings of the obligation to serve parents.

Memelihara Anak Yatim Perspektif Hadis

This research is a library research using qualitative methods. This research aims to understand the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad related to caring for orphans. In this study, the primary sources are related classical hadith books, such as Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Daud, Sunan Nasa'i and others. Meanwhile, the secondary (supporting) sources of this research are books related to the study of caring for orphans. The results of this study can be concluded, that there are 10 hadiths that explain about caring for orphans and their virtues, which were narrated by Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Abu Daud, Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, Tirmidhi, and Imam Malik. Understanding the hadith about caring for orphans and its virtues, that people who take care of orphans will get blessings from Allah and the Messenger of Allah. In addition, other virtues are obtained, namely getting abundant sustenance, getting self-comfort and getting intercession in the hereafter.

المحاسن البلاغية في الصحيح لمسلم من بَابُ الْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ:دراسة تحليلية

There is no doubt that Aḥādīths (sayings) of The Prophet (PBUH) have the great importance in the Islamic Jurisprudence because it is the second source of Islamic law after the Holy Quran. Due to the immense importance of Aḥādīth, the religious and research Scholars have paid a close attention to emerge and highlight the all aspects of Aḥādīth regarding Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic Literatures and Rhetorical peculiarities etc. Imam Muslim's book Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim contains texts which are examples of Rhetorical. Every chapter in Imam Muslim's book is an example of rhetoric. But the main question of this research is what is the rhetoric in Kitāb al ul Waṣiyyah Bil Thuluth? The answer to this question is required in this research. Therefore the scholars have tried their best in this article to discuss the Rhetorical peculiarities of the Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim from Kitāb al ul Waṣiyyah Bil Thuluth as well as, I have analyses the definition of Rhetoric in line with different ancient modern scholars.

الأمر بوليمة النكاح وإجابة الداعي إليها في صحيح مسلم (دراسة فِقهِيَّةً مُقارِنَة)

Abstract This paper which is entitled "The Order of Conducting the Marriage Feast and Answering the Invitation in Sahih Muslim - a Comparative Study", is one of the most prominent means of making the marriage known which is dealt with by the Islamic scholars plainly in details. This subject is worth of study and researching because it is closely associated with the Muslim community, and feeding people in such occasions is from the close good deeds the Islam urges and calls for. The researcher began to discuss this subject starting with the hadiths in the Sahih al-Imam al-Muslim in which the order was given regarding the marriage meal. The study wants to know whether there is any order calling for doing the meal or answering the inviters of the meal or eating from it believing that it is Muslim’s duty to answer the invitation or not. Then, the researcher talked about the most appropriate attitude of the scholars and their viewpoints in terms of this topic besides showing their proofs and discussing them to arrive at a moderate and correct viewpoints among all these viewpoints. The researcher divided the research into an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion. In the introduction, the researcher mentioned the importance of the research, the reasons for choosing it, and its methodology. The first section comes across the definition of the terms of the title in a way that the researcher dealt with the definition of the command, the meal from the perspective of the language and terminology, and it introduces Imam Muslim and his book (True Muslim). Then the second section concentrates on making the order to conduct the banquet whereas the third section focuses on the order to answer the invitation for the banquet. Then, the fourth section studies the order to eat of the meal through mentioning the sayings of the scholars and their evidences. Finally, the researcher arrives at the most important concluded points.

Metodelogi Madrasah Fikih dan Analisis Mazhab Fikih Ahli Hadits pada Masyarakat Islam

Because the data obtained is quite difficult to delve deeper into the study of hadith in the new era of Islam in Indonesia, therefore this research will only describe a genealogy sketch of hadith studies in Indonesian society. If the origin is still difficult to find, let alone examine the hadith expert madrasas that are used as references and references by the Indonesian people. This research is a library research (Library Research). The research process is carried out by taking literature studies from literature, books, and from the internet. Meanwhile, regarding the affiliation of the schools of hadith experts, there are several opinions on this matter, for example one of the Islamic jurisprudence madrasas of Imam Muslim hadith experts. It cannot be concluded that Imam Muslim is a follower of Shafi'iyah, Hambaliyah, Malikiyah, Hanafiyah, or even a mujtahid group. But in the writings of Waliyullah ad-Dihlawi, it is stated that Imam Muslim, an-Nasai, Ad-Daruquthni, Al-Baihaqi, and AI-Baghawi are followers of the Shafi'i School. Two models of madrasa fiqh scholars of hadith include: 1) So the fuqaha 'and scholars first, before the science of jurisprudence became a separate branch of science called Qurra'. Hadith expert according to Ibn Khaldun (d. 808 H) is one of the madrasas in understanding fiqh. They are mostly in the Hejaz, in comparison to the ra'yu expert madrasas in Iraq. 2) So, hadith experts are those who follow Imam Malik bin Anas and Imam Shafi'i This is quite reasonable. Hadith experts who lived after Imam Shafi'i (d. 204 H) took a lot of his thoughts in determining what kind of hadith could be used as evidence. So do not be surprised if there are scholars who make the book ar-Risalah by Imam Shafi'i (d. 204 H) as the first book to discuss the science of musthalah hadith. In addition, Imam Shafi'i (d. 204 H) also has the book of Ikhtilaf al-Hadith. No one doubts that Imam Shafi'i (d. 204 H) received the title Nashiru as-Sunnah. Later, there will also be many hadith scholars who follow Imam Shafi'i fiqh. Our tentative conclusion is that Imam Shafi'i (d. 204 H) includes the Imam of the Hijaz Expert after Imam Malik bin Anas, as a representative of the Hadith Expert Fiqh School.

Insan Kamil dalam Keteladanan Rasulullah Saw.: Sebuah Kajian Hadis Tematik

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of human morality which is increasingly worrying. The purpose of this study is to discuss the greatness of the morals of the Prophet Muhammad through thematic hadiths related to the theme of Insan Kamil. This research is a type of qualitative research through literature study with thematic hadith approach. The results and discussion of this study lead to the nature and behavior of the Prophet Muhammad as a perfect human proof that must be followed by the believer. The development of the Insan Kamil theme includes indicators of Insan Kamil, including the role of humans as caliph, physically and spiritually healthy, amar nahi munkar, and the peak is morality. This study concludes that the hadiths narrated by Imam Muslim related to insan kamil accompanied by thematic syarah are understood to be a reference for a person to shape himself into insan kamil in order to reach the pleasure of Allah SWT.

PERAN IBU DALAM MENGAJARKAN MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA ANAK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

Starting from the hadith narrated by narrated by Imam Muslim which means: "every human being is born upon fitrah. His parents made him Jewish, Christian or Majusi." From this hadith, it is clear that parents have big role in shaping children religiosity. Thus, the obligation of parents is to make children have religious maturity by doing religious moderation so that children develop an attitude of respect for other religions. Moreover, education during the Covid-19 pandemic which is more conducted at home makes the mother figure a determinant of the success of teaching religious moderation in children. The purpose of writing this article is to describe mothers and how to teach religious moderation to children during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research is qualitative research with grounded theory method, it used interview in collecting data with the help from related written references on the theory of religious moderation. The results of this article concluded 1) the urgency to prevent children from radical literacy in cyberspace, and 2) the stages of teaching Pancasila values that are in accordance with religious moderation in the neighborhood.

Ziarah Kubur Perspektif Pendekatan Historis-Sosiologis dan Kontekstualisasinya dalam Kehidupan Kotemporer

The current phenomenon of grave pilgrimage has caused reactions from various circles of society at large. There are differences of opinion (Khilafah) regarding the laws of the grave pilgrimage. The two opinions contradict each other. This is because there are different interpretations in studying one of the hadith texts as a source of istidlal law. The results of the hadith research show that the hadith about the grave pilgrimage that was endorsed by Imam Muslim in the Shohih Muslim book is of sahih quality. This is of course after going through the research steps of the hadith sanad. Then the contextualization of the hadith is related to the hadith which states that grave pilgrimage is not allowed. Therefore, in solving khilafiyah problem regarding the law of pilgrimage, if there is someone who does not agree, then do not simply punish that person with the label bid’ah. However, when differences arise, it would be nice to explore the arguments of naqli and ‘aqli so that compromises can then be made. So that in the end, Muslims are not easily divided when there is a Khilafah.

Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Madrasah Aliyah Imam Muslim Serdang Bedagai

This study aims to determine the management of education financing in relation to efforts to improve the quality of education. This research is focused on the managerial head of the Aliyah Imam Muslim madrasah, Serdang Bedagai Regency. This research uses qualitative methods based on descriptive studies. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman model stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data validity test used triangulation and member crosscheck. The results showed that the management of education financing at Madrasah Aliyah Imam Muslim Serdang Bedagai Regency has a family principle, is effective, efficient, productive, transparent and can be accounted for in accordance with existing procedures, namely the upward hierarchical pattern to the Chairman of the Foundation. In improving the quality of education, the principal is in charge of managing education as best as possible and reporting the draft budget for school financing is given to the Head of the Foundation, the head of madrasah also has the task of how to improve the quality of education in Madrasahs by coordinating every activity with peers in order to realize the quality of education through education financing management

نـزع الملکیـة الفکریــة فی المجــال الطبی وقـت الجوائــح والأوبئــة دراسـة فقهیـة معاصـــرة

نـزع الملکيـة الفکريــة في المجــال الطبي وقـت الجوائــح والأوبئــة (دراسـة فقهيـة معاصـــرة) الباحث: أحمد قياتي محمد شلقامي قسم الفقه العام، کلية الشريعة والقانون بالقاهرة، جامعة الأزهر الشريف، القاهرة، مصر. البريد الإلکتروني: ahmedqayaty2020@gmail.com . الملخــــــص الهدف من البحث: إظهار الحکم الشرعي لنزع الملکية الفکرية في المجال الطبي وقت الجوائح والأوبئة. و المنهج المتبع: هو المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي. لقد جاء الفقه الإسلامي بصون النفس والمال والحفاظ عليهما ورفض الاعتداء عليهما بکل صوره وأشکاله، بل وتوعد صاحبه وعيدا شديدا، حيث حظر أخذ مال المسلم إلا برضاه على وجه التجارة،والتجارة رزق من رزق الله، وحلال من حلال الله، لمن طلبها بصدقها وبرها، وموضوع نزع الملکية الفکرية في المجال الطبي في أوقات الجوائح والأوبئة فيه تعارض بين مصلحة المجتمع في حماية النفس البشرية من الهلاک من جانب، وبين الحفاظ على المال الخاص من جانب آخر، لذا جاء هذا البحث محاولة منى في إبراز التکييف الفقهي لنزع الملکية الفکرية في المجال الطبي وقت الجوائح والأوبئة، من خلال ما يلي:أولا: المقدمة: وقد اشتملت على إشکالية البحث، وأسباب اختيار الموضوع، وأهمية الموضوع، والدراسات السابقة، وخطة البحث. ثانيا: المبحث الأول: وتناولت فيه تعريف الملکية الفکرية وأنواعها في الفقه الإسلامي، والحقوق الواردة عليها، وحکم حيازة الملکية الفکرية في الظروف الطبيعية، ومدى علاقة حيازة الملکية الفکرية بالاحتکار. ثالثا: المبحث الثاني: وتناولت فيه حکم نزع الملکية الفکرية في المجال الطبي أوقات الجوائح والأوبئة، من خلال إظهار مقاصد الشريعة الاسلامية في نزع الملکية الفکرية المتمثلة في حماية النفس البشرية من الهلاک، ورفع الضرر عن الأمة، وإظهار دوافع نزع الملکية الفکرية، في حاجة الناس إلى الدواء، وأهمية تقديم المصلحة العامة على المصلحة الخاصة، ومدى إمکانية التعويض لصاحب الملکية الفکرية، ومدى منعه من التعويض حال تسببه في الوباء أو انتشاره أو تأخير الإعلان عن إنتاج لقاحه، معاملة له بنقيض قصده، ثم ختمت بحثي بذکر أهم النتائج والتوصيات. Dispossessing Intellectual Property in the Field of Medicine in time of Pandemics and Epidemics, a Modern Jurisprudential Study By: Ahmed Keyati Mohammed Shalkamy Department of General Jurisprudence Faculty of Sharia and Law in Cairo Azhar University E-mail: ahmedqayaty2020@gmail.com Abstract The main objective of this research (Dispossessing Intellectual Property in the Field of Medicine in Time of Pandemics and Epidemics) is to highlight the legitimate provision of dispossessing intellectual property. The research applies the analytical inductive approach. In general, the Islamic jurisprudence is keen on preserving the self and wealth as well as protecting them from any form of aggression and the one who dares to violate this rule is severely threatened by the Islamic jurisprudence. Imam Muslim prohibited taking the wealth or money of any Muslim without his prior consent to take part in the field of commerce which is a kind of lawful subsistence bestowed by Allah to those seek it in righteous ways. The issue of dispossessing the intellectual property in the field of medicine in time of pandemics and epidemics involves a sort of contrast in between the common good of the society to protect the human self from destruction on one hand and preserving the private capital on the other. Therefore, this research tries to display the adaptability of the jurisprudence to dispossess intellectual property in the field of medicine in time of pandemics and epidemics. The research includes an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. The introduction handles the issue of the research, the real reasons for selecting this topic, its significance, the previous studies and the research plan. In the first chapter, there is a definition of intellectual property and its kinds and the implied rights as included in the Islamic jurisprudence. The chapter also highlights possessing the intellectual property in normal conditions as well as the relation between intellectual property and monopolization. The second chapter is dedicated to display the provision of dispossessing intellectual property in the field of medicine in time of pandemics and epidemics through clarifying the objectives of Islamic Sharia to carry out this dispossession as embodied in protecting the human self from destruction, prevent the damage that could befall the nation, highlighting the motives beyond dispossessing the intellectual property because of the need for medicine, the importance of prioritizing the common good over private benefit. The chapter also discusses the possibility of compensating the owner of the property and the cases in which compensation is prevented for example, if it caused an outbreak of an epidemic or the owner was late to announce producing the vaccine. Finally, the conclusion sums up findings and recommendations of the research.

Adâlete Yönelik Kusurlar Karşısında İmam Müslim’in Metodu

ÖzHadis râviler aracılığıyla nakledilmiş ve bu râvilerin güvenilirliğini tespitte adâlet ve zabt temel koşul kabul edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Müslim’in de adâlet ve zabt unsurları açısından râvileri nasıl değerlendirdiğinin araştırılması elzemdir. Müslim (ö. 261/875) İlel ve Rical ilminde otorite olarak görülmüş ve Cerh-ta‘dîl âlimlerinden kabul edilmiştir. Kur’an’dan sonra Buhârî’nin (ö. 256/870) el-Câmi‘u’s-sahîh’i ile birlikte en sahih kaynak olarak kabul edilen İmam Müslim’in el-Câmi‘u’s-sahîh’i yanında el-Akrân, el-İhve ve’l-ahavât, Ma’rifetü ruvâti’l-ahbâr, et-Târîh ve el-İlel gibi ricâl ve cerh-ta‘dîlle ilgili kitapları bunun işareti olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Müslim’in râvileri tetkik ve tenkidi, günümüze kadar gelen Sahîh’inin Mukaddime’si, et-Tabakât, Kitâbu’l-künâ ve’l-esmâ ve et-Temyîz gibi diğer eserlerinde görülmektedir. Bunun yanında bu alanın kaynak eserlerinde de onun değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada râvinin adâletine yönelik kusurlar arasında görülen kizb, fısk, bid‘at ve cehâlet karşısında İmam Müslim’in metodu incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hadis, Müslim, Ricâl, Cerh-Ta‘dîl, Adâlet, MetotImam Müslim’s Method against The Faults Related to The Justice Abstract The hadith was transferred through the transferors, and the justice and suppression were accepted as the main requirements. So it is important how Müslim evaluated the transferors in terms of the justice and suppression factors. Müslim (D. 261/875) was seen as an authority in the sciences of diseases and dignitaries, and he was accepted as one of the scholars in Sublation and Rectification. Imam Müslim’s books related to the dignitaries, sublation and rectification such as el-Akrân, al-İhva ve’l-ahavât, Ma’rifetü ruvâti’l-ahbâr, at-Târîkh and el-İlel with al-Jâmi as-sahîh that they are accepted as the correct sources were evaluated as its sign with Buhari’s (D. 256/870) al-Jâmi as-sahîh after The Koran. Müslim’s transferors are seen in the other works such as Sahîh’inin Mukaddime’si, et-Tabakât, Kitâbu’l-künâ ve’l-esmâ and et-Temyîz that their investigation and criticism have come to today. Furthermore, His evaluations were included in the source works of this field. In this study, Imam Müslim’s method was tried to be reviewed against the lie, sin, emergent one and ignorance which are accepted among the faults related to the justice of transferor. Key Words : Hadith, Müslim, Rijal, al-Jarh at-Ta’dîl, Justice, Method

Estetisasi Jilbab Syar’i Jama’ah Salafi: Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Imam Muslim Kota Kediri

Industry of fashion that get into the life of Salafi members makes shar'i hijab become aesthetics. Approximately 30% of Salafi women in Imam Muslim Islamic Boarding School Kediri have worn hijab shar’i as their preference. This article describes the aesthetic practices of shar’i hijab and the factors behind it. This study applies a qualitative approach using a case study as a research method in which it observes the social reality of shar’i hijab aesthetic practices among Salafi women at Imam Muslim Islamic Boarding School. The research analyzes the case and situation that occurred and also attempts to understand the informants’ point of view. Through literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews, the study found that the informants have been wearing two different shar’i hijab; dark colors and bright colors. The informants also combine their "gamis" in terms of its pattern consisting of ornaments and accents in different colors. The informants also prefer to wear a unique and funny, in order to make them look flexible, younger and up to date.

Hadis Kehujjahan Hadis Menurut Imam Empat Mażhab (Studi Analisa Terhadap Metode Penyusunan Al-Kutub Al-Sittaħ )

This discussion aims to find out how the four madhab imams explain the hujjah (concept of arguments) of ahad hadith specifically in the al-Kutub al-Sittaħ . This discussion used a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Based on the results of the discussion, the four imams have different views on the hujjah of ahad hadith. However, they agreed to use hadith as a secondary source of Islamic laws after the Qur’an. Based on the compilation of all hadith books which belong to al-Maṣādir al-Aṣlīyah, scholars of the hadith agree that the hadith books of Imam Bukhārī and Imam Muslim are the most authentic. The implications of this article indicate that the existing hadiths, which are compiled in al-Kutub al-Sittaħ, are a collection of hadits that can be scientifically accounted for in terms of their quality, so that it is no doubt to use them as one of the sources of the Islamic laws after the Qur’an.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pencarian Tematik pada Hadits Riwayat Imam Muslim

Al-Hadith is the secondary teaching source for Moslem after Al-Qur’an. Hadiths are taken as the life guidance for Moslem, where included Prophet Muhammad’s, saw statements during his life. Some of his friends restoried the Hadiths after his death. It can be treasured from the most famous on the time of chaliph to the most famous in this era, such as imam bukhori, imam muslim, imam ahmad and much more. Numerous themes are contained in hadiths, from the theme of social life, business trading, politic, and etc. this article discussed how to design thematic application search to find hadith based on its theme. It focuses on hadith restoried by imam muslim. The hadiths have been grouped according to the themes in order to make the search easy and fast. This application will enable the user to memorize hadith easily and fastly.

Identification of Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (bHCG) Expression in Frozen Cleavage Embryo of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Patients: An Essential Approach for Better Outcome towards Human Being Inheritance in Line with Maqasid Syari’ah Concept

Expression of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG) mRNA in early cleavage cell stages is important in predicting embryo viability at blastocyst stage of development. Embryo viability is crucial for in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment to be successful in terms of increment of implantation and pregnancy rate. In order to establish fertilization outside the human body, optimum condition mimicking the natural body environment like hormones and growth factors as well as impeccable timing must be established. Imam Muslim narrated from Hudhayfa ibn Asad that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said: “After the sperm-andovum drop (nut.fa) has been [in the uterus] forty-two days, Allah sends it an angel that gives it form and fashions its hearing, sight, skin, flesh, and skeleton”. Therefore the aim of this study is to find the significant association of bHCG expression with early cell stage cleavages and its relationship as predictive marker for potential embryo implantation. Our study focuses on leftover frozen embryos from eight patients consists of six pregnant patients and two non-pregnant patients. We assessed the human bHCG mRNA expression at different cell cleavage stages in these frozen embryos using reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results have shown three out of eight patients with five to ten cells of blastomeres were expressed with bHCG. This study indicated that bHCG was expressed on frozethawed late cleavage stage of embryos in IVF patients.

KULTURISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH

Early childhood is a critical period for the establishment of a person's character. Many education experts say that the failure of character planting earlier can form personal problems in next adult life. Children will grow with characters if they grow up in an environment with character, so that the nature of every child born to develop optimally sacred. As the Prophet Muhammad said, which means: “Every child is born, must have been in a state of purity. Then both his parents who make it Jewish, Christian and Zoroastrian”. (H.R. Imam Muslim). Character education requires as habit. Habituation to do good thing, to be honest, knight, to be shame cheated, lazy, and to let the environment dirty. Character is not formed instantly, but should be trained seriously and proportionate in order to achieve the ideal shape and strength.

MENGKRITISI MAKNA HUKUM RIBA BUNGA BANK

Bank interest is considered usury. One is to be scrutinized if the bank interest as usury, because usury is often mentioned in the texts is characterized oppress and torment the community. As with the conventional bank interest, how many small and medium enterprises which helped because Free Master in conventional banks. Problems found in the writing of this paper is; Why people ignore the MUI fatwa on usury interest as knife analysis; Unger critical legal theory, theory of responsiveness Nonet Sezlnick, the theory of legal culture Lawrence M Friedman progressive Satjipto Rahardjo and Usul Fiqh used to find alternative meanings of texts relating to usury From search and review of the problems concluded that after the birth of four Imam Muslim schools stuck in the mindset of the four Imams Madzhab and afraid to ijtihad. Therefore, the Muslims thought of usury is not far from what has been inferred by the four Imam mazdhab. Finally Islamic law really can not answer the development of society. Bank interest is equated with usury which both born differ in the time span, the different communities of the background, a different effect. Therefore interest rates clearly differ from usury and should not be equated with riba. That is why people ignore the MUI fatwa in business transactions. Should the scholars 'move from positivistic Jurisprudence to understanding Sociological Jurisprudence positivistic Jurisprudence.Oleh Hence the scholars can use the legal pluralisme approach in defining legal meaning.

Kontraversi tentang Tersihirnya Nabi Muhammad saw.

The prophetic saying (hadith) that speaks of the prophet being influenced by the soothsayer has been a subject of controversy among the Muslims over centuries. Some ‘ulama argue that that hadith is not authentic on the ground that it is not logical and is not in line with the very teaching of the Qur’an, sound reason and the overall tenets of Islam. The Mu’tazlites are among those who belong to this group. Among the legalists, there are outstanding ‘ulama who are also against this hadith such as Abu Ishaq al-Istarbadi of Shafi’iyyah, Abu Bakr al-Razi al-Jassas of Hanafiyyah, and Ibn Hazm al-Dhahabi of Zahiriyyah. In addition, Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Ridha are listed among the modern scholars who strongly argue against it. Other group of ‘ulama nonetheless argue that that hadith is sound and authentic both in terms of its chain of narration as well as in terms of its text. Imam al-Bukhari, Imam Muslim and Ibn Qayyim belong to this second group of ‘ulama. How do these two groups of ‘ulama with conflicting views develop their argument on the subject, is the question that this paper is interested in answering.