Image Creation Process Research Articles

Should an already Virtual Model be modelled?

Three-dimensional models are made by creating digital objects that contain spatial depth and detail. These models are used in a wide range of fields, including computer graphics, game development, architecture, product design, animation and many others. There are many types of modelling as a process. We can talk about manual modelling, script-based modelling or even modelling with three-dimensional modelling programs. However, as a result of digitization, in most cases we usually use the term model to refer to a three-dimensional virtual copy of a real object. This paper, however, deals with an extreme case where a virtual model is already given, which we try to recreate using a traditional photo-based technique with the Pix4D modelling software. The method used is to maximize the overlap between the images that make up the object to be modelled, so we needed to find a virtual model that could be accessed from all perspectives during the image creation process. For this purpose, we used the PokémonGO game database developed by Niantic, which makes virtual models of characters of different shapes available. Our results suggest that traditional methods of image collection are not the most useful for virtual models that are already virtual by default. For comparison, we have modelled a real object in our paper. The reports obtained by the modelling software show that although we used the same device to capture a series ofimages of both the real monument and the virtual model, the images of the virtual model used the camera system of our device in a different way. The results clearly show that the general photography method is adequate for real object modelling, while it produces incomplete results for the virtual model. Based on the method studied, however, it cannot be generalized that re-modelling virtual models is impractical, and we therefore propose to investigate other types of methods in the future.

A Novel Approach of a Low-Cost UWB Microwave Imaging System with High Resolution Based on SAR and a New Fast Reconstruction Algorithm for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection.

In this article, a new efficient and robust approach—the high-resolution microwave imaging system—for early breast cancer diagnosis is presented. The core concept of the proposed approach is to employ a combination of a newly proposed delay-and-sum (DAS) algorithm and the specific absorption rate (SAR) parameter to provide high image quality of breast tumors, along with fast image processing. The new algorithm enhances the tumor response by altering the parameter referring to the distance between the antenna and the tumor in the conventional DAS matrices. This adjustment entails a much clearer reconstructed image with short processing time. To achieve these aims, a high directional Vivaldi antenna is applied around a simulated hemispherical breast model with an embedded tumor. The detection of the tumor is carried out by calculating the maximum value of SAR inside the breast model. Consequently, the antenna position is relocated near the tumor region and is moved to nine positions in a trajectory path, leading to a shorter propagation distance in the image-creation process. At each position, the breast model is illuminated with short pulses of low power waves, and the back-scattered signals are recorded to produce a two-dimensional image of the scanned breast. Several simulations of testing scenarios for reconstruction imaging are investigated. These simulations involve different tumor sizes and materials. The influence of the number of antennas on the reconstructed images is also examined. Compared with the results from the conventional DAS, the proposed technique significantly improves the quality of the reconstructed images, and it detects and localizes the cancer inside the breast with high quality in a fast computing time, employing fewer antennas.

ХУДОЖНЯ СТРУКТУРА ТЕМАТИЧНОГО ЖІНОЧОГО ОБРАЗУ З ФОЛЬКЛОРНИМИ МОТИВАМИ: ЕТАПИ СТВОРЕННЯ

The aim of the article. The aims of the article are to provide the integrated study of the art structure features of the thematic image development for cultural events by means of makeup, costume, additions; to determine the specifics of the make-up artist vision influence on the image character; its correspondence to the general concept of the event.Historical method, analytical method and comparative analysis method have been used in the pre-project research. The art-associative method, which provided the combination of the female image from the Slavic mythology calendar rites with the modern vision of fashion and female canons of beauty, has been used in the research project process. The sequence of a thematic image creation process for the event with competitional and concert program has been highlighted in the article. The image creation process can be implemented in three stages: the search for an idea and the thematic female image conceptual content definition; the expression means search and necessary materials preparation; the stylization and realization of the image. The importance of external associations, that arises, according to the concept of the event, as a reflection in minds of historical folklore heritage about the autumn calendar cycle customs and rites, on the stage of the image idea search have been determined. The project idea is to embody the interaction of a young, direct perception of the world by a young girl with the cultural experience of ancient Ukrainians and is implemented on the principle of using contrasts – shape, color and texture. The thematic image of the event has been formed with the help of associations with ancient Slavic mythology female images. The scientific novelty is in the definition of the concept, design methods and means of thematic female image development based on the appeal to the ancient Ukrainian cultural heritage. The art-associative method has been identified as the most effective method for the folklore motives based image formation. The art structure of the thematic female image for the cultural event has been revealed; the modern author vision in the expression means selection has been actualized. The sequences of thematic female image development for the cultural and art event, which embodies the concept of the event and perform the strengthening function of the impression and influence on visitors, have been represented. Three stages of project implementation from the conception stage to realization stage have been stated and implemented.

ОСВІТНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЕОІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ РЕСУРСІВ GOOGLE В ПРОЦЕСІ ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ

З педагогічної точки зору візуалізацію інформації варто трактувати як інструмент фіксації і трансляції унаочненого навчального матеріалу. У статті розглянуто особливості роботи ресурсів Google, підкреслено їх відкритість, доступність та значний потенціал під час інтеграції навчальних дисциплін природничо-математичного та суспільно-гуманітарного циклу в процесі візуалізації навчальної інформації. Проаналізовано додатки Google Earth, Google Mars, Google Moon, Google Sky, Google Maps, Google My Business, Google Art Project та інструмент Google Street View. Вони при підвищеному попиті на сприйняття великої кількості інформації дозволяють спрощувати подання даних через електронні засоби та ефективно сприймаються всіма учасниками навчально-виховного процесу. У статті описані можливості створення власних карт Google, які сприяють уточненню та деталізації об’єкта, що вивчається, та наведено приклади їх використання. Враховуючи певну трансдисциплінарність таких засобів картографування, подано тематику карт для предметних напрямків з географії, біології, іноземної мови, української літератури, математики, інформатики, історії, мистецтва, хімії, фізики. Розглянуто функцію панорамного перегляду вулиць Google Street View та представлено приклад використання панорамного зображення з кругозором в 360 градусів. Запропоновано поповнити інформаційний банк даних візуальною інформацією, створюючи локацію свого навчального закладу разом з додатком «Google My Business». Описано інтерактивний освітній проєкт Google Art Project, за допомогою якого створюють власні галереї, порівнюють мистецькі твори, деталізовано вивчають оцифровані об’єкти культурної спадщини світової спільноти. Виділено дослідницький, проєктний, міжпредметний та інформаційно-комунікаційний підходи, завдяки яким забезпечується активне використання геоінформаційних ресурсів у ряді предметів природничо-математичного та суспільно-гуманітарного циклів.

The kaleidoscopic interference and the double-slit project: Borges’ thought, quantum behaviour and multiverse theory

This paper presents an artistic research project entitled Double-slit, which is based on the relationship between the kaleidoscopic image and the interference phenomenon both from conceptual and visual viewpoints. Through the combination of artistic practice and theoretical research, the kaleidoscopic interference is investigated considering a different involvement of the subject. In Cortazar’s view, the kaleidoscopic image creation process would be closer to the observer experience than to the author’s role when looking through the kaleidoscope. Consequently, the relationship between the author and the observer/reader is introduced with reference to kaleidoscopic image, producing an interference feeling between these different positions. Specifically, the present article refers to cases from Borges’ literature, mainly related to the connection between reality and fiction within the observer position. The indicated approach corresponds to a kaleidoscopic narrative, since this type of image is virtually composed by real –the original motif– and fictional elements –the reflections/copies–. Therefore, Borges’ thought will be discussed in this regard, specifically those characters that present both kaleidoscopic and quantum behaviour. The results found in the process of developing the aforementioned project on the double-slit shows that this experiment –whose result in physics is the interference pattern– and kaleidoscopic image are significantly related to each other. In particular, concerning Feynman’s sum-over-paths phase of infinite possible trajectories. This insight leads the article into a discussion on the impact that quantum physics and multiverse theory have in relation to our understanding of existence. This way, we see that a new paradigm is present regarding visuality. It implies accepting contradictory facts as constituents of reality. Likewise, even our notion of individual identity is transformed into the subject’s juxtaposition of ubiquities, which produces the “to be and not to be” kaleidoscopic interference.

Destination Image on the DMO's Platforms: Official Website and Social Media

Tourists usually configure and develop ideas about possible destinations based on information previously gathered from both social media and the official web of the destination management organization (DMO). In spite of the relevance of said information sources, there have not been many studies evaluating how these different sources influence the destination image. This research proposes a model intended to explain the image creation process of a destination taking into account both the DMO’s online platforms and the perceived psychological distance. The proposed model is tested with an empirical study including a questionnaire which collects data from 264 participants. The validity of the model is reviewed through PLS analysis. Results show that the psychological distance does not influence the overall destination image. In addition, the overall destination image can be estimated to a larger extent when tourists approach social media as their main source of information. Implications and conclusions are discussed.

Valstybių tapatybės apžvalga remiantis turizmo logotipais: Europos šalių tyrimas

Kartu su globalizacija stiprėja ir konkurencija. Sie­kiant pateikti produktą rinkai ir stengiantis, kad apie jį sužinotų kuo daugiau žmonių, naudojami prekės ženklai. Tai reklamos priemonė, padedanti vieną produktą atskirti nuo kito. Prekės ženklas apibrėžia­mas kaip pavadinimas, terminas, ženklas, simbolis ar dizainas arba šių elementų derinys, naudojamas vieno pardavėjo ar vienos pardavėjų grupės prekėms ir paslaugoms identifikuoti bei joms atskirti nuo kon­kurentų produkcijos. Ženklodara yra procesas, kurio metu įmonė pristato produktą arba paslaugą vartotojui, sužadina vartotojo norą juos įsigyti arba paverčia vartotoją labiau priklausomą nuo esamo prekės ženklo. Vykstant šiam procesui reikia priimti daug sprendimų, pritaikyti įvairias strategijas ir jų laikytis. Pirmasis ženklodaros tikslas yra potencialius klientus supažindinti su pro­duktu. Kad tai pasiektų, įmonės turi reklamuoti savo prekę ar paslaugą įvairiais skelbimais arba kitais bū­dais. Ženklodaros praktika neapsiriboja tik prekėmis ir paslaugomis, ji apima ir individus, idėjas, faktus bei vietas (šalį, regioną, miestą ir t. t.). Todėl valstybės, miestai ir net tautos taip pat bando kurti savo prekės ženklus, o šiame procese naudoja įvairias strategijas. Dėl globalizacijos šalies prekės ženklo svarba palaipsniui auga ir keičia socialinį, kultūrinį bei ekonominį valstybės vystymąsi. Valstybės ieško ga­limybių veiksmingiau prisistatyti ir susikurti geresnį įvaizdį tarptautinėje arenoje. Šiandien tapatybė ir įvaizdžio kūrimo procesas atlieka daug svarbių funk­cijų: nuo reklamos ir viešųjų ryšių iki žiniasklaidos ir populiariosios kultūros, nuo politikos iki mados ir pardavimo. Bendrąja prasme šis procesas atstovauja visai šaliai. Todėl valstybės, kaip ir organizacijos, pradėjo dalyvauti pasaulinėje rinkoje, kad pabrėžtų savo istorinius, geografinius ir kultūrinius bruožus, ėmė taikyti įvairias komunikacijos strategijas. Šalių, naudojančių veiksmingą reklamavimosi politiką, miestai bei prekės ženklai taip pat išsiskirs iš kitų. Tokios valstybės taps konkurencingos ir įgis daugiau pasaulinio pripažinimo, o jų prekės ženklai bus geriau atpažįstami. Kitais žodžiais tariant, valsty­bės ženklodara padeda paprasčiau, greičiau ir labiau užtikrintai nuspręsti, kokią šalį aplankyti, kokius su ja susijusius produktus įsigyti, kaip organizuoti verslo kelionę joje. Ženklodara gelbsti ir susidarant įspūdžius apie šalį. Viena iš svarbiausių užduočių, kurias turi atlikti savo kultūrą ir vertybes propaguojančios valstybės, yra susikurti vaizdinę tapatybę. Šalies tapatybę ir įvaizdį visų pirma formuoja geras logotipas, kuris yra ir vaizdinės tapatybės studijų pagrindas. Be tokių simbolių kaip vėliava ar herbas, kiekviena valstybė turi savo turizmo logotipą, kuris atspindi jos įvaizdį. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas – ap­žvelgti šalių turizmo logotipus atsižvelgiant į vals­tybės tapatybę. Atliekant mokslinį darbą, kuriame apžvelgtos 47 Europos Tarybos valstybės narės, taikyta kategorinės turinio analizės technikos me­todika. Šiuo požiūriu šalių logotipai buvo analizuo­jami atsižvelgiant į jų turinį, estetiką, originalumą, istorinius, turistinius, architektūrinius ir kultūrinius bruožus, taip pat išnagrinėta logotipo svarba kuriant valstybės tapatybę.

Faster File Imaging Framework for Digital Forensics

Abstract The use of digital forensics tools has become common in typical crime investigations involving computing and communication devices. As with any evidence in criminal investigations, the preservation of digital evidence is of critical importance for the success of the investigation. Cryptographic Hash Functions (CHFs) are used by digital forensic tools to ensure the preservation of digital evidence during the acquisition and analysis of evidence. These tools make the use of the CHFs during the acquisition process to ensure that the created image of the evidence is accurate. The CHFs that are currently in use are serial in nature and can be time consuming when working with the large data sets. We propose a new parallel CHF transformation to speed up the image creation process by a factor of 6.5 over existing methods. We discuss the use of the parallel algorithm in the image creation process and compare the results with the existing sequential methods.

IMPACT OF 3D GRAPHIC STRUCTURE COMPLEXITY TO THE RENDERING TIME

The paper presents new approach to the analysis of the time required for rendering, depending on the complexity of the 3D object. Ray tracing is used to measure program complexity measure parameter based on the rendering time. Parametric analysis using ray tracing program is achieved by correlation between image parameters and rendering time. Electronic imaging and image processing (rendering) are considered in the 3D virtual photorealistic imaging design and electronic imaging creation and optimization. We are attempting to treat the complexity as a measure in the process of creating and rendering a complex image. The work is directed towards defining and optimizing the rendering time in the photorealistic 3D image creation process. The correlation between large numbers of image components obtained by the ray tracing program is used to measure the scene complexity regarding of render time. To discover which space variable to use as complexity measure, we cross-correlated variables output by ray tracing program, keeping track of the maximum values. Based on this method, the highest correlation was observed on variable Bounding box succeeded tests, and that way obtained the complexity measure for the image. That way the original research is performed in creating analytical (data-visual) methods for determining the image rendering parameters. The results based on experimental verification on a large number of performed standard tests on real sets of graphical contents, and established the impact of graphical content complexity to the rendering time at distributed cluster computing systems.

Expansion-Free Grayscale Image Sharing Using Meaningful Share Images

Since Naor and Shamir introduced visual cryptography in 1994, numerous image sharing techniques have been proposed to protect the security of binary, gray, and color images. However, only few of them focus on grayscale image sharing. Because the size of the share images are usually very large, an image sharing method that can create share images with the same size as that of the secret image (expansion free) is more attractive. This study aims to propose a grayscale image sharing method to achieve the purposes of free expansion and meaningful image sharing simultaneously. Experimental results show that two meaningful share images can be effectively created by the proposed share image creation process. Moreover, the original grayscale secret image can be correctly decoded by the proposed secret image retrieval process.

Vietovės prekės ženklo kūrimo koncepcijų teorinės įžvalgos

In recent years place branding phenomena gets more and more attention in marketing science literature, this is based on raising amount of articles and untraditional place branding phenomena analysis concepts. Because of the rising amount of articles and different philosophies of place branding it is getting hard to understand differences between and compare it. Usage of different concepts and tools for place branding, sometimes even different understanding of the phenomena is influenced by different attitudes to place branding. For people just starting to analyze or use place branding phenomena is hard to find systematic information about different ways of place branding. That’s why authors analyze different views of place branding, value creation process, strong and weak sides of it. In the scientific literature of place branding two different views to place branding is found – branding places as products / services and place branding in corporate branding style. After analysis of place branding as product or services was found that core principle is to create competitive advantage and value for customer, which helps to sell place or place’s product for customers. Application of product branding concept for places provide tools for place communication, product development, pricing, sales promotion and in additional it gives background to create brand personality. L. Maheshwari (2011) offers the opinion that place marketing for today’s changing environment, because it cannot offer effective planning and decision making tools for target group selection and communication. In summary of place branding concept analysis, firstly it should be said, that main issue of this concept is creation of competitive advantage by forming unique place image and communicating it by integrated approach. Because of many stakeholder involved in the process, their values, attitudes should be integrated. Branding made in this way secures place changes in desired way and future needs. Image creation process is made by communication process which transforms place identity to place image. Place branding analysis object is place image, which forms in customer mind by images and perception. Place image is customer perceptions of place identity. Destination branding concept absorbs main principles form corporate branding based place branding concept. Brand value creation is based on image, which helps to create emotional connection, current and future visitors’ perceptions about the place. In the creation process of brand identity, citizen’s opinions and wills are taken into account too. Destination branding concept despite of being very close to corporate branding concept has product / service branding elements – it strives for attracting visitors, gaining competitive advantage from competitors and sell place for visitors. Destination branding do not take into account social responsibility and sustainable development ideas, main attention is pointed to strategy formulation and operational and tactical activities planning and implementation.

3D Compression: from A to Zip a first complete example

Images invaded most of contemporary publications and communications. This expansion has accelerated with the development of efficient schemes dedicated to image compression. Nowadays, the image creation process relies on multidimensional objects generated from computer aided design, physical simulations, data representation or optimisation problem solutions. This variety of sources motivates the design of compression schemes adapted to specific class of models. The recent launch of Google Sketch’up and its 3D models warehouse has accelerated the shift from two-dimensional images to three-dimensional ones. However, these kind of systems require fast access to eventually huge models, which is possible only through the use of efficient compression schemes. This work is part of a tutorial given at the XXth Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (Sibgrapi 2007).

Paediatric CT: the effects of increasing image noise on pulmonary nodule detection

A radiation dose of any magnitude can produce a detrimental effect manifesting as an increased risk of cancer. Cancer development may be delayed for many years following radiation exposure. Minimizing radiation dose in children is particularly important. However, reducing the dose can reduce image quality and may, therefore, hinder lesion detection. We investigated the effects of reducing the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on CT lung nodule detection for a range of nodule sizes. A simulated nodule was placed at the periphery of the lung on an axial CT slice using image editing software. Multiple copies of the manipulated image were saved with various levels of superimposed noise. The image creation process was repeated for a range of nodule sizes. For a given nodule size, output images were read independently by four Fellows of The Royal College of Radiologists. The overall sensitivities in detecting nodules for the SNR ranges 0.8-0.99, 1-1.49, and 1.5-2.35 were 40.5%, 77.3% and 90.3%, respectively, and the specificities were 47.9%, 73.3% and 75%, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting lung nodules increased with nodule size and increasing SNR. There was 100% sensitivity for the detection of nodules of 4-10 mm in diameter at SNRs greater than 1.5. Reducing medical radiation doses in children is of paramount importance. For chest CT examinations this may be counterbalanced by reduced sensitivity and specificity combined with an increased uncertainty of pulmonary nodule detection. This study demonstrates that pulmonary nodules of 4 mm and greater in diameter can be detected with 100% sensitivity provided that the perceived image SNR is greater than 1.5.

Implementing a Digital Imaging and Archiving Program: Technology Meets Reality

Cornell University Library's Digital Consulting and Production Services (DCAPS) was established in January 2003 to provide a framework for the image creation and management process, including requirements analysis, implementation, assessment, and archiving. Its service infrastructure is considered one of the important elements of the Library's institutional preservation policy for digital image collections. DCAPS aims to meet the needs of a diverse university community with varying needs and expectations. The service framework is based on a business model that brings efficiencies and accountability to the Library's digital content creation operation. Although a systematic and integrated approach to digital collection creation is an effective strategy, it also highlights the challenges in putting digital imaging and archiving standards into practice in a heterogeneous production environment.