Illocutionary Act Research Articles

Translating Directives: Subtitling Strategies and Acceptability in The End Of The F***ing World Season One

<p align="justify">This research analyzed the directive illocutionary acts, translation strategies, and their acceptability in Alyssa’s utterances in The End of the F***ing World Season 1. Using Searle’s (1969) directive illocutionary act theory, Gottlieb’s (1992) translation strategies, and Nababan et al.’s (2012) acceptability assessment, this qualitative study collected data through questionnaires with rater feedback. The findings identified 59 directive acts, with commanding (33) as the most frequent, followed by asking (14), suggesting (9), inviting (2), and prohibiting (1). The most used subtitling strategies were transfer (31), condensation (10), and paraphrase (9), ensuring fidelity and fluency. Acceptability results showed 57 instances as acceptable and only 2 as less acceptable. The predominance of transfer, condensation, and paraphrase confirmed their effectiveness in maintaining Alyssa’s character traits and enhancing subtitle quality.<strong></strong></p>

The Illocutionary Acts of Reviewers Commenting on Graduate Theses as an Institutional Genre

Limited research has analyzed reviewers’ speech acts in comments on graduate theses comments, which is an example of an institutional genre. This study looks at patterns of illocutionary acts, flaunted and/or flouted Gricean maxims, (im)politeness strategies, and the overall social and academic orientations that underpin these patterns in the Philippines. A total of 2,464 written utterances were secured from two departments in a local university in Metro Manila offering graduate programs. Analyzing them shows that representatives and directives are the illocutions that dominate in the reviews. They are seconded by expressive, commissive and declarative acts. A Z-test on the two sample proportions shows that there are significant differences in these illocutionary acts. Comments also show the absence of appropriate punctuation marks and abbreviation, feature less lexical density, shorter sentences and phrases, and show low intelligibility. All illocutionary acts are meant to be deployed to help improve the writer’s thesis. They may suggest the Filipino culture of nurturing higher education institutions, compassionate reviewers, and healthy mentor-mentee relationships. Although conducted within the parochial context of the Philippines, the merits of the study could be universal. We call for enhancing reviewers’ pragmatic skills and increasing appreciation of their roles in academia.

A Socio-Pragmatic Discourse of the Re-Introduced Nigerian National Anthem, “Nigeria, We Hail Thee”

The study conducted a pragmatic analysis of Nigeria's re-introduced national anthem, “Nigeria, We Hail Thee”, in order to examine the communicative functions of the anthem and the ways in which language was used to convey national identity, unity, and duty. Using a mixed-method approach through Searle’s Speech Act and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics theories, a qualitative line-by-line analysis was first performed, before categorizing the locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts, which were analysed quantitatively. The study showed distinct speech acts, including admiring, asserting unity, and encouraging duty, asserting values, declaring, promising, committing, and praying. Statistical analysis of the frequency of illocutionary acts revealed that “praying” was the most frequent illocutionary act, appearing in two lines (25%), while other acts, such as “admiring” and “asserting unity,” occurred once each (12.5%). The study also examined the verbs used in the anthem, categorizing them into Austin's typology of exercitives, behavitives, and verdictives. The analysis found that behavitives, which relate to behaviour and social conduct, dominated the anthem (50%), followed by exercitives (37.5%) and verdictives (12.5%). The findings revealed that the anthem primarily utilised speech acts that promoted national unity, service, and respect for the country's values, with a significant focus on divine intervention and guidance.

Analysis of Directive Illocutionary Acts Found In Doctor Strange Movie

Communication is a vital point in our daily lives as human beings, and as humans, we often use voice and sound to communicate. Therefore, we use speech acts every time we communicate. The type of speech act that we often use is Directive Illocutionary Act which occurs when we speak to get the listener to do something. We were not only able to spot directive illocutionary acts in daily life, but also a movie and this study aims to identify and analyze the directive illocutionary acts from a dialogue in the movie. The results of the findings show that the Doctor Strange movie contains several types of directive speech acts, such as; Asking, Telling, Urging, Commanding, Requesting, Begging, Advising, Order, Permitting, Requiring and Demanding, Recommending, Forbidding, Prohibiting, and Warning. The writer used the theory by Searle and Vanderveken (1985) to conduct the analysis and used a descriptive qualitative method to collect and analyze the data that were found.

Directive Illocutionary Acts Found in Encanto Movie

Directive speech act refers to a verbal action that aims to convince other social actors to take certain actions. This study analyzed the directive speech act especially the types and meanings that found in Disney’s movie entitled Encanto. Qualitative method was applied in conducting this research. Moreover, two theories that proposed by Yule (1996) and Leech (1981) were used in identifying the types and analyzing the meanings of directive speech act in Encanto movie. This study presented the findings regarding to the types of directive speech act such as request, orders, command, and suggestion. On the other hand, the meanings of directive speech act were consisted of social, denotative, thematic, and connotative meanings. In addition, this research also used Halliday and Hassan’s theory (1985) as supporting theory in analyzing the context of situation. The research data were collected through observation method and presented both formally and informally.

Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts by Anies Baswedan in the First Presidential Candidate Debate in 2024

Understanding meaning in political discourse is crucial, as a speaker’s intentions shape public perception and influence audience perspectives. While many studies have explored speech acts in political contexts, there is still limited analysis focusing specifically on the locutionary and illocutionary acts of Indonesian presidential candidates, particularly in the 2024 debates. This study aims to analyze the types and frequency of locutionary and illocutionary acts used by Anies Baswedan in the first presidential candidate debate of 2024, as well as to interpret the meanings embedded in these speech acts. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the research collects data in the form of clauses containing types of locutionary and illocutionary acts as the primary source, which then were identified and categorized. The findings reveal 40 instances of locutionary acts, dominated by assertive acts (26), followed by phonetic acts (14) and retic acts (8). Additionally, 42 illocutionary acts were identified, with phatic actions (18) being the most frequent, followed by phonetic (14) and retic actions (8). The analysis uncovered that many of these acts carried persuasive meanings aimed at convincing listeners during the debate. This study offers insights into how Indonesian political figures strategically use language, providing a basis for future research on persuasive speech in political campaigns.

Forms of Directive Illocutionary Acts from the Main Character in Twelve Angry Men (1957) Movie

As a popular form of mass media, film effectively conveys the realities of society through the interactions between characters within its storyline. This means it can serve as an object of study in language sciences. In pragmatics, every utterance carries a hidden meaning depending on the context, including the action, known as a speech act. Speech acts can also be found in films, such as Twelve Angry Men (1957). This study focuses on the utterances of the film’s main character. The objective is to identify the types and forms of directive speech acts using the pragmatic identity method and the pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique. The research identified three forms of directive acts: declarative, imperative, and interrogative, with interrogative being the most used. These acts are used for several purpose, including suggestions, questions, requests, commands, prohibitions, and reminds. Keywords: Film, Pragmatics, Directive Speech Acts

Directive Illocutionary Acts in a Child’s Utterances in the Sea Beast Movie 2022

Children's language is unique and has its own characteristics. It’s unique because the utterance children produce has hidden meanings that are not understood. In this line, when a child asks something, it does not mean that the child is asking, but it could be that the meaning of the utterance is requesting something. This research was intended to discover the types and function in a child’s utterances that were found in the movie. It was descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study was in the form of an utterance used by a child in The Sea Beast. The illocutionary acts theory was used to answer the questions of this research. It includes the theory proposed by Searle (1976). Based on the analysis, the researcher found a directive illocutionary acts as one of characteristics of a child language. It is found the act function to express what the speaker wants such as requesting, asking, begging, commanding, advising, warning, inviting, and suggesting. As well as asking act is most commonly found in this function. Keywords: a child’s utterances, directive, illocutionary acts

An Analysis of Illocutionary Acts in the Disney+ Short Film Once Upon a Snowman

People not only produce sentences but also perform actions when using language. In the study of language, an action performed by saying something is known as a speech act. Speech acts are divided into three categories: locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. In this research, the main purpose is to find out each type and function within the category of illocutionary acts in a Disney+ short movie entitled Once Upon a Snowman. According to Searle’s theory on speech acts, an illocutionary act is classified into five types: representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives. It was found that the short movie entitled Once Upon a Snowman consists of four types (representatives, directives, expressives, and commissives) out of the five types in the category of illocutionary acts. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to accumulate all the data. The result shows that there are fifty-four utterances that consist of illocutionary acts in Once Upon a Snowman, with 24 utterances classified as representatives, 15 utterances as directives, 13 utterances as expressives, and 2 utterances as commissives.

ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS USED IN THE DISNEY MOVIE THE GOOD DINOSAUR

This study aimed at finding the types of illocutionary acts and describing the meaning of illocutionary act used in the movie The Good Dinosaur. This study used the theory of Searle (1998). This research used descriptive qualitative method and the data collection method was documentation. The object of this research was all conversations in the movie The Good Dinosaur that contain types of illocutionary acts. The result of this research, was were 52 utterances as illocutionary acts. There were four types of illocutionary acts found in the movie namely: 19 assertives, 17 directives, 8 commissives, and 8 expressives. There was also found that each utterance of illocutionary act had the different meanings based on the context of the story. From the results of this study, it can be seen that illocutionary acts are widely used in daily life. Therefore, understanding the meaning of illocutionary acts is very important for smooth communication. It is hoped that this research can help English teachers to be able to improve their ability to communicate effectively and understand other cultures so that they can teach students how to use appropriate language, as well as English language learners to be able to better understand the context in speaking.

Analisis Linguistik Frasa Roh Kudus dalam Rumusan Trinitas: Bapa, Anak, dan Roh Kudus

This study analyses the phrase ‘Holy Spirit’ in the formulation of the Trinity (‘Father, Son, and Holy Spirit’) through a linguistic approach, especially semantics and pragmatics, by referring to the New Testament texts. The research method used is qualitative with a literature observation strategy using the theory of Linguistic Purism. The study results indicate that the term 'Holy Spirit' (Ἁγίoυ Πνεύματος) is neuter-gendered (Greek) or feminine-masculine (Hebrew), unlike other terms denoting the Godhead, which are exclusively male. The use of the neuter pronoun (αὐτό) in John 14:17 and the depiction of the Spirit as part of Christ (Revelation 5:6) reinforce that the Holy Spirit is not distinct, but rather a manifestation of the Spirit of God/Christ. The Trinitarian clause in 1 John 5:7 is not found in pre-16th century manuscripts, suggesting it is an interpolation to support the doctrine of the Trinity. The statement of the Trinity in Matthew 28:19 is regarded as a potential post-Nicene insertion, given that New Testament baptisms only invoke the name of Jesus (Acts 2:38; 19:5). Nonetheless, even if the verse holds validity, the constative concept within Illocutionary Acts elucidates pragmatically that the Holy Spirit is not the third person of the Trinity, but rather the Spirit of God or the Spirit of Christ Himself. This discovery differs from conventional interpretations and presents a more linguistic viewpoint, which is not used as the basic foundation for the formation of the doctrine of the Trinity in Christianity.

Illocutionary Acts In The 2024 ABC News Presidential Debate Between Harris And Trump: A Pragmatic Study

This research aims to analyze the use of illocutionary acts in the 2024 U.S. presidential debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump, focusing on how the candidates employ language strategically to influence public perception. Grounded in Searle’s (1979) speech act theory, which builds upon the foundational work of Austin (1962), the study investigates five categories of illocutionary acts: assertive, commissive, declarative, expressive, and directive. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected from the official transcript of the debate and analyzed through categorization and contextual interpretation (Yule, 1996; Thomas, 1995). The results reveal that assertive acts dominate the discourse, reflecting the candidates' efforts to build credibility and assert policy achievements or critiques. Commissive acts were used to make promises and show future commitments, while directive acts served to challenge opponents. Expressive and declarative acts helped shape emotional connections and formal policy stances. These findings demonstrate how each candidate constructs political narratives through language use, reinforcing Mey’s (2001) view that pragmatics involves understanding meaning within sociopolitical interaction. The study offers insights into the persuasive power of language in political communication and contributes to the broader field of pragmatic analysis. By synthesizing these frameworks, this study underscores the role of speech acts in crafting political narratives, shaping public perception, and advancing political communication research. Kata Kunci: illocutionary acts, assertive, commissive, declarative, expressive, directive

Speech act theory of quotation: Quotation indirect quotation and Japanese quasi-quotation

Abstract The present paper addresses quotation using an Austinian effect-based speech act theory, and proposes to analyze different types of quotation in terms of distinct illocutionary effects each type brings about in a present speech situation. The major distinction is between illocutionary acts pertaining to locutions (phemes and rhemes) and those pertaining to someone’s illocutionary act. The former includes pure, scare and emphatic quotation and the latter direct, indirect, mixed, open and fictive quotation. The analysis of direct, indirect and fictive quotation reveals different ways someone’s illocutionary act is brought to the present speech situation: (i) the original speaker’s illocutionary act is revived in the present speech situation by the hearer who understands the force of the original locution as the illocutionary act that the original speaker performed (direct quotation); (ii) the original speaker’s illocutionary act is reported by the entextualized locution (indirect quotation); a fictive speaker’s illocutionary act is brought to the present speech situation as an illustration of a possible illocutionary act performed in a specific type of speech situation (fictive quotation). Quasi-quotation is analyzed as a mock type of quoting: the original speaker’s illocutionary act is revived in the present speech situation by the original locution together with the present speaker’s characterization of it by means of a special expression such as blah, blah, blah (type 1); the present speaker’s illocutionary act is performed as if it is the illocutionary act performed by an anonymous speaker to an anonymous hearer in an anonymous speech situation. In the proposed effect-based speech act theory utterances are systematically and coherently analyzed in terms of their effects as illocutionary acts brought about in the present speech situation. The mechanism of how those effects are brought about is explained by a speech-act-theoretic model of communication, in which a particular speaker, a particular hearer and a particular speech situation are distinguished, respectively, from the performer of an illocutionary-act type (the addresser), the recipient to whom the illocutionary-act type is performed (the addressee) and the context of illocutionary-act type.

ANALYSIS DIRECTIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACT FOUND IN “TINKERBELL AND THE LEGEND OF THE NEVERBEAST” MOVIE

This study aims to know and identify the meaning, types of directive illocutionary act dominantly used and also identify the conflict that found in “Tinkerbell and The Legend of The Neverbeast” movie. This analysis use descriptive qualitative method to collecting data. The data source is taken from the directive illocutionary act that used in the conversation of this movie. In collecting the data, observational method is used by conduct several technique watching the movie, identify the dialogue, identify the caterogies of directive illocutionary act by using the theory of Searle and Vanderveken (1985). It is found there are some types of directive illocutionary act found the Tinker Bell and The Legend of The Neverbeast conversation. Based on the data analysis, there are some types of directive illocutionary act found in this movie. This study shows that the dominant types of directive illocutionary act found in this movie is asking, followed by telling and ordering.

AN ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IN THE MAIN CHARACTERS' UTTERANCES IN A MAN CALLED OTTO MOVIE

The purpose of this study was to examine the many forms of illocutionary acts and identify which ones were most frequently used in the main characters' utterances in the film A Man Called Otto. The study employed a qualitative method and involved content or document analysis. The researcher employed Austin and Searle's theories to answer the research questions. The researcher collected data on the script and film of A Man Called Otto through observation, documentation, and observation checklist procedures. The researcher employed three data analysis techniques: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results revealed that all forms of illocutionary acts were present in the utterances of all of the key characters in the film A Man Called Otto, including representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Subject A (Otto) had 260 utterances, subject B had 100 utterances, and subject C (Sonya) had 31 utterances, all of which featured illocutionary behaviors. Representative is the most common type of illocutionary act in the main characters' utterances in the film A Man Called Otto, with 173 instances, followed by directive (126), expressive (55), declarative (24), and commissive (13). It may be inferred that there are several forms of illocutionary acts, with the representative act appearing most frequently in the major characters of the film A Man Called Otto.

Assertive Assertive Illocutionary Acts in The Main Character in Wish Movie

This study examined the illocutionary acts of assertive in the Wish movie using Searle’s speech act theory. The study explored how the protagonist, Asha, used assertive language to convey beliefs, provide information, and influence the narrative process. The study used a qualitative research design especially content analysis, to examine Asha’s dialogues and categories them into assertive acts such as asserting, reporting, informing, and arguing. The results showed that Asha frequently used assertive acts, indicating a strong tendency to reinforce beliefs and covey information. In addition, the analysis showed that reporting and telling actions were significant, indicating that Asha was a source of information in the film. This research contributes to understanding language use in cinematic contexts, emphasizing the importance of assertive communication in character development and storytelling. The study offers valuable insights into the pragmatic aspects of film dialogue and provides a foundation for further research in linguistics and media studies.

An Analysis of Illocutionary Acts in The Inside Out 2 Animated Movie

Illocutionary acts play a crucial role in conveying meaning and expressing certain intentions in communication. This study analyzes the use of illocutionary act in the Inside Out 2 animated movie to understand how the characters use their utterances to achieve their intentions and goals. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of illocutionary acts and to analyze the dominant type of illocutionary act in the character’s utterannces in the movie. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by transcribing the dialogues and classifying the types of illocutionary acts based on Searle’s (1979) theory, which includes representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The findings reveal that there are 320 total data and representative is the dominant type with 133 data (41%), which indicates that each character in the movie tends to informing, describing, claiming, clarifying, or agreeing. The second most frequently used is directive with 102 data (32%), followed by expressive with 61 data (19%), then commissive with 22 data (7%) and declarative with 2 data (1%) as the lowest. This study concludes that illocutionary acts in this movie can be interpreted into five types of intentions. The writer recommends this study can be used as a reference for the learning about illocutionary acts or as a reference for the similiar study with a different perspective.

The Representative Illocutionary Acts in Diana Character of The Wonder Woman Movie (2017)

This study was conducted to explain and find out what are the types of representative illocutionary acts used by Diana in the film Wonder Woman (2017). with the aim that readers can understand the use of speech when communicating with others. the method used in this film is descriptive qualitative method, because qualitative research is research that involves analyzing and interpreting texts. According to Searle (1979), representative speech acts are speech acts in which speakers are involved in conveying the truth of a proposition, such as by providing information, making recommendations, explaining, and so on. Diana from the movie is the subject of the research and her various representative illocutionary acts are the data for this research. This study found 12 speech acts from Diana speech. and the most dominant ones found are 6 speech acts to informing, 4 each to asserting, convincing, and 4 to refuting. it can be concluded that the 12 dominant speech acts used are informing, asserting, convincing, and refuting.

Language in Action: Illocutionary Acts in Anne with an E

Illocutionary acts are speech acts in which the speaker encodes an intended meaning in an utterance, and the listener decodes this meaning from the utterance. Illocutionary acts are not based on form (grammar) but rather on meaning. This study examines illocutionary acts used by the characters in the first season of the Canadian period drama television series Anne with an E, presented by Netflix. The subtitles presented by the series were analyzed using a Searle approach. Contextual cues that shed light on the nuances of the utterances and expressions of the characters were noted. The results of the study indicated the presence of all five primary classifications of illocutionary acts within the series. These illocutionary acts were ranked from the most to the least prevalent, beginning with assertives, accounting for a substantial 40.72% of the total dataset, followed by directives, constituting 30.13%. Commissives were observed to be 7.26% of the instances, while expressives made up 21.14% of the dataset. Finally, declaratives were the least frequently utilized, representing a mere 0.86% of the total data. Thus, language serves not only to convey straightforward sentences but is also used to express both actions and interactions.

Analisis Tindak Tutur Ilokusi pada Video Pembelajaran Teori Sosial & Kewarganegaraan dalam Channel Youtube GCED ISOLAedu

Currently, many teachers or lecturers are using educational videos as a learning tool for students. This research aims to identify and classify the types of illocutionary speech acts found in the educational videos on social theory and citizenship on the YouTube channel GCED ISOLAedu. This research employs two main approaches, namely theoretical and methodological. By utilizing a qualitative approach with a descriptive nature, the researcher will provide a detailed and in-depth depiction of the use of illocutionary acts in the video. The data collection process involves: (1) Gathering data through the technique of free observation and conversation involvement, as well as note-taking techniques, (2) Analyzing data using matching methods and distribution methods, and (3) Presenting the data analysis using both formal and informal methods. Based on the analysis conducted on seven educational videos on Social Theory & Citizenship 2024 on the YouTube channel GCED ISOLAedu. Researchers found 143 speech acts that contain illocution. The first illocutionary act is the representative speech act, with 118 data consisting of explanations and statements. Second, the commissive speech act has 2 data points involving offers and promises. Third, the expressive speech act includes 7 data points related to greetings and expressions of gratitude. Fourth, the directive speech act comprises 15 data points that involve asking, requesting, and inviting. Lastly, the declarative speech act contains 1 data points related to commands. The benefit of this research is to provide knowledge in the field of pragmatics, particularly regarding types of illocutionary acts, and to enable an understanding of these illocutionary acts without misunderstandings in receiving the information conveyed by the speaker.