IIIrd Group Research Articles

Productive, reproductive and bioenergetic characteristics of cows with different body condition score

The aim of this work was to study the influence of fattening of dairy cows body condition score on reproductive traits, productivity and bioenergetic indicators. The research was conducted during May-August 2021 in the conditions of the Terezine of the Vilnotarasivske branch (Kyiv region). The values of average monthly temperatures were within the limits of thermoneutrality for cows of dairy breeds. Three groups of second-lactation cows were formed for the study. The first group (n=14) included animals with a fatness score of 2.0 to 3.0 points, and the second group (n=24) with a score of 3.0 to 3.75 points and to the III-rd group (n=15) – 4 and above points. Assessment of fatness in groups of animals was carried out during the period of deep body. The productivity of cows during the first 120 days of lactation was determined using computer records and the DelPro program. Cows of the II group had a somewhat shorter dry period (by 3 and 1 day) compared to animals of the I and III groups. The shortest service period was observed in the first group of cows – 164 days, which is 7 and 24 days less than in animals of the second and third groups, respectively. Cows of the II group had the highest average daily productivity during each of the first 4 months of lactation (120 days). At the same time, productivity was the lowest in cows of the III group, and intermediate values were observed in the animals of the I group. At the same time, cows of the III-rd group had the lowest productivity during the same period. Analyzing the bioenergetic characteristics of cows of different levels of fatness, it was established that the highest rate of net energy expenditure for the production of 1 kg of 4 % milk was in cows of the IIIrd group – 3.71 MJ, and the lowest in animals of the IInd group – 3.49 MJ. Research results showed that cows of different fattening levels before calving had high energy indices – from 50.25 to 53.99 %, productive – from 0.260 to 0.286 kg for specific net energy loss from 1.852 to 1.988 MJ per 1 MJ of milk energy. Key words: dairy cows, fatness, productivity, reproduction, bioenergetic characteristics.

Individual Tolerance to Acute Ethanol Intoxication

Relevance: In order to figure out the cause of death and present the evidences to the court, law enforcement authorities instructed forensic medicine experts to carried out differential diagnosis, by using the posthumous exogenous alcoholemia to differentiated between the severity of acute ethanol intoxication, and death caused by alcohol poisoning. However, the experts are difficult to carried out the assessment to determine the severity of alcohol intoxication, even using the following criteria: exogenous alcoholemia level, signs of conditionally fatal ethanol poisoning with trauma. There are differences in the ethanoloxidizing dehydrogenase enzymatic activity, make it easier to determine individual ethanol tolerance, which can be used for forensic medical substantiation to determine severity of acute alcohol intoxication and fatal ethanol poisoning. Purpose of the Study: We carried out the research by evaluating the severity of the acute alcohol intoxication, by taking into account the blood ethanol concentration level and the death caused by the fatal ethanol poisoning; we use the 2 indicators of the ethanol- oxidizing enzymatic activity, which are the alcohol dehydrogenase in liver, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in the brain. Material and Methods: Forensic medical experts using 72 corpses to carried out the research, we had identified ethanoloxidizing enzymatic activities in the brain stem and liver and divided into 3 observation groups : Group I – death from fatal ethanol poisoning (FEP) with blood ethanol concentration between the range from 3.0 to 5.3 g/L (22 cases); Group II – death caused by car accidents as the drivers who are having severe ethanol intoxication with vehicle’s mechanical damage, the blood ethanol concentration between the range from 3.0 to 4.8 g/L (25 cases); Group III (controlled group) – death caused by car accidents with vehicle’s mechanical damage without exogenous alcoholemia (25 cases). Results: In the fatal ethanol poisoning group, we compared with the controlled group, there are decrease in enzymatic activities, and there were significant statistically decreases (P<0.05). When comparing these enzymatic activities between IInd and IIIrd group , there were no significant statistically differences (P>0.05).

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ НОВЫХ СХЕМ ТЕРАПИИ

Introduction: Improving the effectiveness of treatment of the most difficult category of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is still relevant in the present circumstances. Efficacy of therapy is not higher than 35,7%. New therapy regimes with the use of bedaquiline and pyridinium perchlorate were recommended for extended drug resistance treatment. Aim. Aim of the study is to compare efficacy of new regimes of treatment with the use of bedaquiline and pyridinium perchlorate in patients with extended drug resistance of mycobacterium. Material and methods. Retrospective study with analysis of therapy in 150 patients with extended drug resistance tuberculosis, who were treated in the period from 2016 till 2019, divided into three groups: (I-st group, n=80) – standard therapy; (II-nd group, n=47) – regime with pyridinium perchlorate; and III-rd group (n=23) – regime with bedaquiline. Analysis was performed for clinical, laboratory, and radiology assessments. Evaluation of treatment efficacy was done based on criteria defined in the international guidance. Results and discussions. To the end of hospitalization stage of therapy, in the group with bedaquivilin cessation of bacterial excretion in extended drug resistance tuberculosis patients was observed significantly more frequent than in the group of standard therapy without Bq (60,8% (III) vs 30,0% (I), p˂0,01). In the II group of cessation was also significantly more frequent than in the group of standard therapy without pyridinium perchlorate (57,8% (III) vs 30,0% (I), p˂0,01). Efficacy to the end of treatment assessed by positive roentgenologic dynamic was 78,2% и 57,8% (p˂0,0001) for 6-8 months of treatment by bedaquiline and pyridinium perchlorate correspondently, that was significantly more frequent than in the I-st group (25%). Based on performed analysis inclusion of this antituberculosis drugs in therapy of extended drug resistance tuberculosis patients is associated with increase of its efficacy ((р=0,0046, ОР=0,7325, 95%Сl 0,3 – 1,65%, PPV=0,6140, NPV=0,1618). Comparison of general parameters of efficacy demonstrates significantly high percent of treatment efficacy in extended drug resistance tuberculosis patients while addition into therapy new antituberculosis drugs. Significant difference between groups for surveillance, while addition of new antituberculosis drugs, was not observed. Conclusion. Results of the study demonstrate opportunities to increase treatment efficacy with addition of new antituberculosis drugs. Nevertheless, efficacy of treatment limited by 6-8 months, that allows to recommend extension of treatment duration by new antituberculosis drugs, and as well to implement other methods to increase its efficacy.

Elastic, Mechanical and Ultrasonic Properties of Nanostructured IIIrd Group Phosphides

Despite the large number of III–V semiconductor studies reported every year at bulk level, the III–V material characterization at nanoscale is still required to evaluate their potential industrial applications in nanoscale electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, chemical, biosensors, etc. In this work, the non-destructive evaluation-based ultrasonic theoretical approach for the material characterization of nanostructured IIIrd group phosphides, namely indium phosphide (InP), aluminum phosphide (AlP), gallium phosphide (GaP), and boron phosphide (BP) with wurtzite crystal phase, has been reported. The second- and third-order elastic constants (SOECs and TOECs) for IIIrd group phosphides have estimated using the Lennard–Jones potential. The mechanical properties and the ultrasonic investigation of the IIIrd group phosphides materials, e.g., ultrasonic velocities, Gruneisen parameters, acoustic coupling constants, and ultrasonic attenuation, have been performed using the estimated values of SOECs and TOECs. The present investigation indicates that the ultrasonic attenuation of IIIrd group phosphides is influenced by the wave velocities and the chosen material’s thermal conductivity. The other thermophysical parameters like the crystal energy density, the specific heat per unit volume, thermal conductivity, and the Debye temperature of these materials have also been reported at room temperature (300 K). The results indicate that BP is the most robust material and has superior elastic, mechanical, and thermal characteristics.

Effect of garlic extract on mortality and biochemical parameters of fresh water fishes Heteropneustes fossilis against Cypermethrin

To find out the effect of garlic extract (GE) on mortality different concentrations of GE (1ml/l, 2ml/l, 5ml/l & 10ml/l) were administered along with the LC50 values of cypermethrin after 24, 48, 72 & 96 h exposures and 10 ml/l of GE was found to be effective at which no mortality occurred. To analyze the effect of GE on biochemical parameters after acute exposure of cypermethrin, fishes were divided into 4 groups of 10 fishes each. Ist group served as control, IInd, IIIrd and IVth group were treated with toxicant (24h LC50), GE (10ml/l) and toxicant + GE respectively. Same protocol was employed using 48-96 h LC50 values & 10ml/l GE. For chronic toxicity experiments fishes were divided into 4 groups of 10 fishes each. Ist group taken as control, IInd group contained 1/10th of 96 h LC50 of CYP, IIIrd group contained 10ml/l GE and in IVth group GE (10ml/l) + CYP (1/10th of 96 h LC50) for 15 days. Experiments were also carried out after 30 and 45 days exposure by same protocol. After acute and chronic exposure periods blood samples were collected, centrifuged and serum was separated to analyze biochemical parameters. Increased level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, ACP, Creatinine, and Blood Glucose were observed during both acute and chronic exposure. Activity of Total protein was found to be decreased following acute and chronic exposure. Level of Uric acid increased in acute exposure but decreased during chronic exposure. However, garlic extract supplementation showed a remarkable reduction to these changes and all the parameters tends to become normalize. Our data indicate that garlic is a powerful antioxidant against cypermethrin induced toxicity.
 Keywords: Cypermethrin, Garlic extract, Heteropneustus fossilis, LC50.

A study on the correlation of matrix metalloproteinase MMP1 in COPD and smoking in the North Indian population

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by airway obstruction and destruction of lung tissue, the disease for which at present there is no cure, although the treatment can slow worsening. Nearly 90% of COPD is caused by long term cigarette smoking; however, only 25% of chronic tobacco smokers develop COPD, the exact cause of this predisposition of some smokers to acquire COPD is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Lot of studies are available showing the correlation of MMP1 and asthma but not much work has been done on its correlation with COPD especially in North India. The outcome of our study was also expected to discover MMP1 as a new target for treating COPD and its progression in smokers.Aim and Objectives: The association of COPD and smoking with MMP1 gene product and its SNP in the North Indian population was intended to be studied.Material and Methods: The proposed study was a case control study. In this study adults aged 30 years and above fulfilling the inclusion criteria (Please see Annexure I) were considered and a total of 180 subjects were taken after determining the sample size. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed by Spirometry. Three main groups each consisting of 60 subjects were formed on the basis of smoking history and Spirometry: Ist group: Smokers without co-morbidity with normal PFT, IInd group: Smokers with Spirometry proved COPD and without any other co-morbidity, IIIrd group: Healthy Non-smoker controls. Quantification of metalloproteinase MMP1 in all the groups were performed in the serum with ELISA kits and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP 1G-1607 2G, ID rs1799750) studies in the gene encoding MMP1 linked to COPD susceptibility in smokers was performed by DNA Sequencing Analysis. The correlation between the SNPs, gene product, smoking and COPD was studied. Results: MMP1 concentration was seen increased in serum of COPD and smokers when compared to healthy controls. And there is high negative correlation between *FEV1/FVC % (post-bronchodilator) and MMP1 in COPD compared to Smokers and Healthy Controls. However, from the results of present analysis, we could show negative correlation between MMP1 and *FEV1/FVC % in all the 3 groups but the correlation proves to be much more negative in Group II i.e. Smokers with COPD. Statistically Significant Positive Correlation of Pack Years with MMP1 conc., and Statistically Significant Negative Correlation between Pack Years and *FEV1/FVC % was seen.Conclusion:In conclusion, our present analyses did show significant association between MMP1 and COPD risk in North Indian population. MMP1 levels of COPD patients were significantly increased in smokers and may contribute to or be a marker of the pathophysiology of COPD. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 5-14

Changes Porto-hepatic Blood Flow in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver, Combined with Chronic Bronchitis

The objective: study the features of porto1hepatic blood flow in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in conjunction with chronic bronchitis (CB) according to Doppler ultrasound.
 Patients and methods. The study involved 60 patients who were hospitalized, 20 ALC patients in stage B according to Child-Pugh without CB (Ist group), 20 ALC patients in stage B according to Child-Pugh combined with CB in the acute phase (IInd group), 20 patients exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, for which there was no evidence of digestive system diseases (IIIrd group). All patients underwent a complex ultrasonic research techniques scanning in B-mode, the VD-mode, color duplex scanning using «Hitachi EUB 7000» ultrasonic scanner connected to the Doppler flourimetr was visualized main arterial and venous vessels of hepatic and splenic pools.
 Results. Changes porto-hepatic blood flow were most pronounced in patients with ALC in combination with CB when compared with patients of groups I and III (p<0,05) according to the obtained Doppler indices: diameter of the hepatic artery was 5,55±0,19 mm, portal vein – 12,60±0,17 mm, where increased by 159,12% and 53,56%, respectively (p<0,05) higher than those in healthy individuals.
 The diameter of the splenic artery and splenic vein at the ALC for combination with CB significantly increased compared with control on 31,13% and 35,67%, respectively (p<0,05).
 Linear and volumetric blood flow rate in portal vein decreased in this group of patients, 60,24% and 22,68%, respectively (p<0,05) compared with healthy individuals, the linear velocity of blood flow in the splenic vein also significantly slowed down compared to the control on 41,06% (p<0,05), and the volumetric blood flow velocity v. lienalis grew by 155,80% (p<0,05).
 Among the characteristics of the arterial blood flow hepato-splenic system Gosling pulsatility index (PI) and Pursello resistance index (RI) of hepatic artery also Pursello resistance index (RI) of splenic artery significantly grew in ALC patients in combination with CB 147,20%, 65,49% and 32,31%, respectively (p<0,05) compared with the control group.
 Maximal systolic velocity of blood flow in the hepatic artery of patients – grew by 8,95% (p<0,05). End diastolic blood flow velocity in the hepatic artery tended to decrease on 13,36% (p<0,05) compared with healthy individuals.
 Conclusion. Violation of porto-hepatic blood flow in patients with ALC is characterized by its redistribution in the veins of the portal system in the direction of the spleen with a decrease in the average linear and the volumetric velocity in the portal and hepatic veins, increasing the resistance index in the interlobar arteries.

Peculiarities of Heart Rhythm Variability in Children and Adolescents with Arrhythmias in the Presence of Comorbidity of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Objective. To study peculiarities of the heart rhythm variability in children with heart rhythm disorders depending on the concomitant pathology of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Material and methods of the research . 91 children from 15 to 17 years were under the supervision. The Ist group consisted of children with heart rhythm disorders on a background of chronic pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The IInd group consisted of children with the pathology of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract without heart rhythm disorders. The III group consisted of children with heart rhythm disorders without gastrointestinal pathology. The next methods were used: anamnesis analysis, physical examination, fiberoptic esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Holter monitoring of the heart functioning. Results : by comparison of the children from the I and the II groups, it was founded that children with upper gastrointestinal pathology (the II group) are prone to the predominance of the sympathetic VNS component on the background of parasympathetic activity reduction. (SDNNi 79,08±22,4 ms versus 101,53±37,91 ms, and rMSSD 56,93±20,97 ms versus 84,04±60,76 ms, р<0,05). Predomination of sympathetic activity in children from the IInd group was confirmed by low pNN50 rate (25,38±11,88 % versus 34,52±18,54 %, р<0,05). Children from the Ist group towards the children from the IIIrd group were characterized by lover HRV rates (SDNNi 70,54±28,21 ms versus 101,53±37,91 ms, and rMSSD 50,26±32,13 ms versus 84,04±60,76 ms, р<0,05), which also denotes sympathetic regulation strengthening and inactivation of the parasympathetic VNS component in children with the heart rhythm disorders on the ground of the upper gastrointestinal pathology. Conclusions . In children with heart rhythm disorders, in case of upper gastrointestinal pathology, lower rates of the VHR time analysis are more common. This fact demonstrates strengthening of the sympathetic regulation and inactivation of the VNS. Determined peculiarities of vegetative homeostasis are reasonably unfavorable factors in the context of the development of complications or even more complicated disease progress. In such way, children with heart rhythm disorders can be recommended vegetative homeostasis testing and, in case of activity predomination of sympathetic VNS component on the ground of parasympathetic activity decrease, it is necessary to study pathology of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract as one of the reasons of the heart rhythm disorders.

RESEARCH OF THE MOVEMENT STRUCTURE OF THE QUALIFIED WEIGHTLIFTERS IN THE SNATCH AND THE CLEAN AND JERK TAKING INTO ACCOUNT MODELLING OF BIOMECHANICAL COMPONENTS

The research was conducted during the training process of Ukrainian, Russian and Latvian weightlifters and their participation in international competitions (the World and European Championships). The aim of the current study was to identify qualified weightlifters movements development regularities snatch and clean and jerk through the biomechanical component modelling. A total of 442 qualified weightlifters participated in the research: 242 male weightlifters and 200 female weightlifters. All athletes were divided into three groups according to their weight category: male weightlifters: Іst group – 56–69 kg; ІІnd group – 77–94 kg; ІІІrd group – 105 and +105 kg; female weightlifters: Іst group – 48-58 kg; ІІnd group – 63-69 kg; ІІІrd group – 75 and +75 kg. Obtaining the biomechanical parameters of technical training of the qualified weightlifters in the snatch and the clean and jerk during the competitions, biodynamic and biokinematic complex of movement parameters of the interaction between the athletes and the barbell was examined using the electro-optical complex „Weightlifting analyzer 3.0“,produced in Germany. In all weight categories in the final acceleration phase (F3FAP) and supported squat phase (F4SSP) the best efforts in the snatch are made by female weightlifters, although they lift considerably less weight of loads (by 15–25 %) than male weightlifters. In the first group of weight categories the parameters differ by 1,4 and 4,2 % (р ≤ 0,005), in the second group of weight categories – by 8,9 and 3,9 % (р ≤ 0,005), however in the third group of weight categories differences were only observed in the final acceleration phase (F3 FAP) – by 3,7 % (р ≤ 0,005). The results of the research show that in the instant of the first application of the maximum force (v F1) females develop higher speed of the barbell than males (by 44,0 %). The same tendency is observed in the instant of the maximum knee extension (v MAХ KE) – in this phase the vertical speed of the barbell among female weightlifters is by 4,5 % (р ≤ 0,05) higher than among male weightlifters. Females of the Ist and the IIIrd group of weight categories achieve the best results in the final acceleration phase (v MAX) – they are by 6,8 and 5,4 % (р ≤ 0,05) higher than the same parameters of males of the Ist and the IInd group of weight categories. Significant differences have been also observed in biomechanical parameters of the barbell's movement among representatives of different genders and weight categories. Moreover, in the Ist group of weight categories differences mainly exist in the preliminary squat phase (h PR.SQ.), when female parameters are by 4,5 % higher than male parameters; in the instant of the attainment of the maximum height of the barbells' displacement (h MAX) they are by 7,5 % higher respectively; the amount of force in the process of interaction between the athletes and the barbell in the active braking phase (FАBP) is by 5,3 % bigger respectively. In the IInd group essential differences appeared in the vertical displacement of the barbell in the instant of the attainment of the maximum height (h MAX), female parameters are by 7,3 % higher than male parameters; in the supported squat phase (h SQUAT.) the opposite tendency can be observed as parameters among males are by 47,8 % higher than female parameters; the amount of force applied to the barbell in the supported squat phase (FSSP) among females are by 3,4 % higher than among males. In the IIIrd group significant differences are noticed in the vertical displacement of the barbell in the instant of the attainment of the maximum height (h MAX), female parameters are by 6,5 % better than male parameters; the amount of force in the process of interaction between the athletes and the barbell in the active braking phase (F ABP) among females is by 5,7 % higher than among males.Thus biomechanical parameter changes of the execution technique of competitive exercises in the clean and jerk among the weightlifters of different gender and weight categories show more than 62,5 % of differences in respect of biodynamic and biokinematic (speed and spatial) parameters of support interaction of the athletes. In spite of the same phase structure of the exercises, movements of the first method of the clean and jerk considerably differ from the similar parameters of the snatch technique. This indicates individualisation of model parameter formation of technical training of the qualified athletes, performing competitive exercises within the certain group of weight categories, taking into consideration gender differences.

Thermochemistry of organic, elementorganic and inorganic species. Part XX. Enthalpies of formation for free radicals of main group elements’ halogenides

General trends in thermochemistry for free radicals as the fragments of halogenated molecules of main group elements were found for the first time applying the series of isodesmic (working) reactions following the Benson’s comparison of relative stabilities of free radicals in equations R + R ′ H → RH + R ′ + Q , where Q is stabilization (destabilization) energy. The enthalpies of formation for parent molecules of main group elements’ halogenides necessary for application of this and similar equations were presented earlier [A.V. Golovin, V.V. Takhistov, J. Mol. Struct., 784 (2006) 47.]. For fluorinated free radicals EF (E = Be–Ra), EF 2 ( EHF) (E = B–Tl, N–Bi) and EF 3 ( EH 2F, EHF 2) (E = C–Pb) the gradual decrease in stabilization by fluorine atoms was found when coming down the periodic table. This turned to destabilization for Tl, Sb, and Bi, and IVth group of elements (excluding carbon) with increasing destabilization in the row Si < Ge < Sn < Pb. The destabilization of free radicals by other halogens for IVth group of elements decreased in the row F > Cl > Br > I which was interpreted by involvement of polarizability (PAZ) effect of halogens increasing in this direction. For finding the enthalpies of formation for silicon and germanium-centered free radicals the data on ν ≡ E–H frequencies in IR-spectra were applied. Quite definite tendencies in structure/enthalpy of formation interrelationship were found for chlorinated, brominated and iodinated free radicals of IInd and IIIrd group of elements. In the VIth group the situation with F → Cl → Br → I replacement in stabilization of free radical center appeared completely different compared with II–IV groups. Owing to the high electronegativity of HO-group and low thermodynamic stability of HO radical all halogens highly stabilize OX radical and perform it in the row F < Cl–Br < I which is explained by increase of PAZ effect in this direction. All halogens are suggested to stabilize other EX free radicals (E = S–Po) but essentially less compared with OX free radicals. The tendencies in stabilization/destabilization for Vth group free radicals appeared to be intermediate between those for IVth and VIth groups.

Histological and biochemical effects of cigarette smoke on lungs.

In this study, rats were made to inhale cigarette smoke in a specifically prepared container for different periods. The lung tissue samples of the subjects were examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Malonaldehyde, one of the free oxygen radicals was determined in lungs and plasma. The catalase activity level of erythrocyte and arginase levels were determined. Three groups were formed. The rats in the Ist and IInd groups were made to inhale cigarette smoke for 30 and 60 minutes a day for a total period of 3 months. Control group, the rats in the IIIrd group (controls) were made to inhale clean air during the same periods. An increase in the number of macrophages was observed in the pulmonary tissue of the exposed groups. Especially in the group that inhaled the smoke for long periods, the number of macrophages and the inclusion bodies contained in them increased. These differences could easily be observed in TEM studies. In the light microscopy and SEM observations, it arouse attention that the alveolar macrophages occurred as sets and their activation increased. Depending on the length of the exposure to cigarette smoke, an increase in the number of macrophages was observed. Statistically significant increases were determined in the malonaldehyde levels of pulmonary tissue and plasma when compared to the control group. Besides significant increases were found in the catalase activity levels of erythrocytes in the experimental groups.

A model of glass transition in binary and ternary glasses

We propose a simple model of glass formation for various types of covalent and network glasses: binary covalent glasses, with the composition denoted by X n Y m + x M p Y q , with X an element of III-rd or IV-th group (e.g. B, Al, or Si, Ge), while M p Y q is an alkali oxide or chalcogenide; next, the covalent network formers of the type A x B 1− x , e.g. Ge x Se 1−x, Si x, Te 1−x etc. Finally, certain ternary glasses, with two different modifiers present, are also discussed. A simple formula relating the glass transition temperature T g to the modifier consentration is derived. We give examples which show a good agreement of our formula with the experimental data.

高コレステロール食投与家兎に対するエラスターゼの影響

Administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (Ela.) is reported to have anti-atherosclerotic effect. To clarify the precise mechanism, effects of Ela. on lipid metabolism in rabbit arterial wall were studied. Three groups of rabbits were kept for 4 months as follows; Ist group was fed normal diets, IInd group was fed 1% cholesterol diet and IIIrd group was fed 1% cholesterol diet and was injected with Ela. 5mg/kg/day intraperitoneally.Total cholesterol content in the arterial wall was lower in group III than in group II. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride level were lower in group III than in group II, and those contents in VLDL and LDL fraction were decreased in group III comparing with group II. Acid cholesterol esterase, neutral cholesterol esterase and acyl CoA cholesterol acyl transferase activity in the arterial wall in group III were not significantly different from those in group II. The binding of cholesterol (1-14C) oleate labelled LDL to 800×g pellet fraction of arterial wall homogenate in group II was increased comparing with that in group I. When cholesterolloaded aorta was treated with Ela., the binding of LDL to the 800×g pellet fraction was decreased. These results may suggest that Ela, had antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing serum VLDL and LDL levels and decreasing the binding of LDL to the arterial wall.

New Gallides and Germanides of Transition Metals

The analysis of the average atomic volumes (AAV) of the intermediate phases from the concentration was done in many two-component systems. It was shown that in some systems (namely transition metal with non-transition element from the IIIrd or IVth group of the periodic table) the AAV of the intermediate phases are much more less than the sum of the volumes of the pure components. It means that the formation of the intermediate phases in such systems is accompanied by a rather large decreasing of the volume in comparison with the mixture of elements. For this reason the high pressure conditions are favourable for the formation of the intermediate phases in such systems from the thermodynamical point of view. On the ground of these data the systems W-Ga, W-Ge, Re-Ga, Os-Ga, Sc-Ga, Ta-Ga, were investigated at high pressures and temperatures. It was found that many new phases are crystallised in these systems. All of them are metastable at room pressure. The composition and crystal structures of these phases were investigated at ordinary conditions.

Barium-Strontium Ferrite with Admixtures of Elements of the III-rd Group

Influence of the admixtures of group III elements of the periodic table upon magnetic properties of the barium–strontium ferrite has been investigated. The ferrites of BaO0.75SrO0.25·6Fe2O3 containing following admixtures of the group III oxides: B2O3 from 0.032 to 1.26 mole, Al2O3 from 0.054 to 2.59 mole, Ga2O3 from 0.012 to 0.76 mole were synthetised. Chemical analysis, X-ray identifications and matallographic obsevations were performed. Saturation Magnetization, remanence, coercive force and Curie temperature were measured.