IntroductionRecurrent Respiratory Infections (RRI) are especially common in young children. In developing countries, they are a leading cause of childhood mortality while in developed countries nearly 50% of pediatric consultations are caused by them. Many factors were known as critical in RRI including causing pathogens, its susceptibility to treatment, immunological reactions, and genetic expression, which recently showed an important effect on inflammatory and immunological reactions. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for a small proportion of RRI, but with virulent nature. On the other hand, among inflammation and immunity associated genes, cytokines are with special importance since proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), produced by activated macrophages, are involved in inflammatory reactions up-regulation while other cytokines, interleukin-28B (IL-28B), for example, are associated with innate immunological responses. This study aimed to investigate the association of two cytokines genes polymorphisms (IL-1β, IL-28В) with Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage in RRI children and the antibiotics susceptibility of this pathogen in RRI. MethodsS. aureus detection were conducted in 507 RRI children (1–14 years old) pharyngeal and nasal swabs. Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed in S. aureus positive samples using disc diffusion technique. 146 RRI children (aged 2–12 years) was genotyped for targeted polymorphisms. Differences in genetic distribution were assessed by χ2-test and considered as statistically significant if p < 0.05 then intergenic interactions were investigated using Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) algorithm. ResultsThe prevalence of carriage of S. aureus among children with RRI was 30.8%. S. aureus carriers showed high dergree of resistance to many antibiotics: Clarithromycin (16%), Erythromycin, Amoxicillin (about 26%), Ampicillin (31.3%) and Amoxiclav (42.2%). No significant associations were found between carriers and noncarriers of S. aureus regarding IL-1β rs1143627 and IL-28B rs8099917 genotypes and allele frequencies. ConclusionStudying antibiotics susceptibility for RRI pathogens is very important to improve therapy and minimize outcomes. The targeted polymorphisms have no significant associations with S. aureus carriage in RRI children, but further studies are needed to find other possible genetic markers for this pathogen.