Ideological Interpretation Research Articles

Negotiations of Socialist Modernity: The Czech Glass Figurine (From the Late 1940s-1960s)

This article presents the glass figurine as means of understanding making and socialist modernity in Czechoslovakia during the first two decades of Socialism (late 1940s-1960s). Through studying the work of glass artists such as Jaroslav Brychta and Miloslav Klinger, I show how these small, apparently humble figurines offer insight into the status and hierarchies of objects made for decorative and commemorative purposes. They show us the methods through which Czech practitioners actively negotiated socialist modernities. Czech glass figurines have held a somewhat uneasy position in canonical hierarchies, impacted by their associations with souvenirs, export, kitsch and humor. However, state approval endowed them with a certain gravity conditioned by selective historical and material associations. Authorities hoped the figurines would offer a form of ideological interpretation of socialism accessible to their consumers. I present the varying roles allocated to the figurines, which were bound to key ongoing narratives concerning craft and the modern inherited from the pre-Socialist period. The figurines enable understandings of the pluralist nature of craft in Socialist Czechoslovakia, providing a new reading of this under-attended area within international scholarship.

Dossier Covid-19: Who is afraid of pandemics? Geographies and geopolitics of Covid-19

When Espaco e Economia was launched in the second semester 2012, the aim of the founding editors was to enhance the field of economic geography in Brazil, as well as to provide an instrument for political and intellectual interventions on current topics. Whether in the past or in the present, the metier of the geographer cannot separate scholarship from politics, which would result in a sterile and ideological interpretation of reality. From the choice of key notions to the publication of res...

The soup of the scholar: food ideology and social order in Song China

This essay explores the food discourse elaborated by Chinese intellectuals in the Song period (960–1279) and puts forward a hypothesis concerning its social function. Starting from the Bourdieusian idea that different consumption styles support different visions of the social order, I first define luxurious eating and describe its social diffusion in Song. I then document and analyze the food ideology of frugality, characterized by an emphasis on simple cooking and naturalness as well as by a form of controlled hedonism which I call “Epicurean.” Finally, I offer a sociological interpretation of this food ideology, which I understand as an expression of Song intellectuals’ cultural capital: the scholars euphemistically took position against luxurious eating and the “temporal” (i.e. economic capital dominated) vision of the social order it signified; through the ideology of frugality, they supported an alternative, “spiritual” vision of society in which status is based on culture rather than wealth.

Dutch Naval Decline and British Sea-power Identity in the Eighteenth Century

During the eighteenth century, various British authors analysed the decline of Dutch naval power. Anticipating the politico-cultural frame of reference of the British political nation, they invoked the memory of the seventeenth-century Anglo-Dutch wars to dramatize the failure of Dutch sea power. They disagreed about the causes of this development, but seemed unanimous in their conviction that the British nation should not suffer a similar fate. Their choice of the Dutch Republic as an apt lesson in naval failure was motivated by the perceived politico-cultural similarities between both nations. The Dutch were seen as a copy of the ‘self’ – Protestant, globalizing, commercially oriented and averse to absolutist oppression – but they had somehow strayed from the right naval path. Thus, their analytical interest in Dutch naval failure originated from an ideological interpretation of British identity and consequently reinforced and enriched this cultural construct.

A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA AND UKRAINE

The article presents a comparative analysis of the conceptual principles of inclusive education in the countries of North America and Ukraine. Comparative analysis of inclusive education of children with special educational needs allows to optimally broadcast the best models of pedagogical strategies of advanced countries into the educational realities of Ukraine. Diverse views on comparative position serve as an aim – to identify common and specific teaching in various aspects of inclusive education of individual countries.Nowadays, in Ukraine there is a certain dynamic progression of inclusive distribution. This matter actualizes the need to study and use the experience of other countries, taking into account the specifics of domestic realities. Due to the existence of a number of concepts about inclusive education in the world of educational space, different approaches are distinguished in the methodological framework. Comparing the essential understanding of these approaches in North American and Ukrainian educational systems, there is unanimity of views in common positions. However, there are certain differences, particularly, in recognizing the SEN position, whether the child is a subject or an object of the system: Western inclusive education system is fully regulated by law, while in Ukraine there is a gradual overcoming of the philanthropic vestiges through the expansion and improvement of the legal framework with the underlying international instruments. Awareness of the position of individual approach as the corner tone of an inclusive education system in both educational scientific communities generally coincides. The unity of scientific views of North American and Ukrainian researchers is also observed in the vision of status and role positions of all participants in inclusive education as a prerequisite for regulatory functioning education system. Unanimous scientists of both scientific schools and the professional competenced teachers are a key tool for coordinated activities in the inclusive class and the functioning of the educational system as a whole. The definition of common components and specific features of the development of inclusive education on the basis of ideological interpretations will help to determine the general character of the grounds for the inclusive form of education and to use the positive experience of Western countries in Ukrainian realities effectively.

Project of a house-commune for Anzhero-Sudzhensk as a part of the Soviet utopian discourse of the late 1920s and early 1930s

During the ideological war waged by the Bolsheviks, housing was an important front, significant as a field in which the contemporary discourse found its material manifestations. The present article discusses an example of a literal interpretation of the radical ideology of the period: the project of a Siberian house-commune by Nikolai Kuzmin. The project was an attempt to transplant a utopian (linguistic) idea directly into an architectural complex. Although Kuzmin had assumed that the project would be implemented, in fact it was not feasible and never began to exist outside the realm of discourse.

ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

The article deals with insufficiently studied theoretical aspects of revealing and analyzing new elements and motives of artistic and compositional means of expression in folk art, as well as topical issues concerning determining principles and possible options for their creative development in modern decorative and applied art, design, and artistic practice in general. The most important structural features of shaping in traditional art in the ontologically interrelated system "nature — man — object" are analyzed. The main structurally stable elements and components in Kazakh folk ornament are distinguished and characterized, these are the circle, S-shaped element, cruciform and triangular components. The evolution of their ideological and figurative interpretation and symbolism is traced, and their role in the genesis of folk art traditions formed over thousands of years is revealed. The selected basic elements of folk ornament, as the main components of means of artistic expression, are proposed to be defined and developed in line with modern interpretations of artistic and aesthetic categories — dynamics, statics, harmony and their decorative variations in accordance with the volumetric and spatial features of form.

Анализ мелодико-интонационной структуры стихотворения И.А. Бродского «Почти элегия» в 11 классе

The article aims to describe a lesson that represents one of the stages of studying the melodic-intonation structure of poems by I.A. Brodsky in high school. The creation of this method is due to the need to develop an integral concept of school study of poetry, the individual features of which are largely determined by the special sound of the lyricism of the poet’s philosophy-centered creativity. The concept is based on the structural and interdisciplinary approaches to the poetry evaluation, as well as on the works of scholars and teachers who have systematized the experience of studying lyric poetry by schoolchildren, including the sound side of the poetic speech. The analysis of the works of researchers who study the phenomena of melody and intonation of the poetic speech, has aimed at the need to form a multidimensional understanding of I.A. Brodsky’s lyric poetry by schoolchildren. The concept has been developed on the basis of the theoretical, socio-pedagogical and experimental research methods, which allowed to conduct diagnosing, training and control experiments, which revealed an increase in the level of students’ interpretative competence. The step-by-step study of I.A. Brodsky’s poetry in the 11th grade involves schoolchildren’s moving from the intuitive perception of the author’s style to mastering the skills of independent intonation interpretation of the poet’s works, which are based on the ability to isolate the elements from the text of the poem that create its intonation and determine their semantic function. The described lesson implements the second part of the stage of the intuitive perception of I.A. Brodsky’s poetry when the transition is made from an elemental acquaintance with the sound of the poet’s work to clarifying the features of the sound of a particular poem and forming students’ deeper awareness of the correlation between the intonation and ideological interpretations of the poetic work.

Ideological interpretation of seasonal and ceremonial songs in “Diwanlughat al-turk” - “Compendium of the languages of the turks”

Ideological interpretation of seasonal and ceremonial songs in “Diwanlughat al-turk” - “Compendium of the languages of the turks”

ISLAMIC ACCOUNTING: AN OVERVIEW OF IDEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS

The paper aims to explore the ideological interpretation of Islamic accounting. It is hoped that the results of various interpretations of Islamic accounting are obtained comprehensively. The research method used is qualitative research. Qualitative research is called Participant-Observation because the researcher himself must be the main instrument in collecting data by directly observing the object being examined While the research approach uses a literature study. The results of this study found that there are several views on the interpretation of Islamic accounting ideology. The fragile philosophical foundation of context knowledge is enough to create counter paradigm rivals as a consequence of the scientific revolution (science revolutions) in the form of an alternative paradigm shift due to the failure of the old paradigm to answer a set of problems. The content of the Islamic substance is liberation, making accounting perceived as a treatise.

Milestones of the Formation of Islamic Tradition in the North-Eastern Caucasus

The purpose of this article is to show the dynamics of Islam using the history of Islam in the North-East Caucasusas an example. The Islamic tradition has never remained static; it has historically changed in accordance with the requirements of the time and rational expediency. Using the example of the history of Islam in the Caucasus and especially in Dagestan, we can trace the logic of the complex interaction of various factors of history, primarily political, ethnic and religious, which have most influenced the multiple social transformations in this region. The question of the cultural complexity of socio-political and ethno-confessional processes in heterogeneous societies that have experienced numerous influences at various stages of Islamization, starting from the period of early Islam, is connected with the question of the political expediency of disseminating certain ideological and worldview interpretations of the Muslim religion.

The Manifestation of Terrorism and Extremism in Prisons

The paper deals with prison facilities from the perspective of the security threats of radicalization and terrorism. Prisons are continuously assessed as an ideal recruitment pool for extremist and terrorist organizations. Prison environment concentrates various persons with criminal past and with the tendencies to accept different ideological doctrines or radical interpretations of religions. Many of prisoners suffer from stress, lack of social and family support, uncertain future, depressions and frustration. Such factors could initiate or accelerate radicalization process in correctional facilities. This security problem is in contemporary days discussed in many European countries. All security experts and academic institutions came to the fact, that the crucial attribute of this issue is prevention and appropriate identification of the indicators of radicalization. The paper gives an overview of the most significant findings in this field, summarizes the experiences of Czech Republic and gives examples of good practices.

Maxim Gorky and Fyodor Stepun: A “Conversation” About History in Russian Intellectual Culture

This article demonstrates the unique role of the Russian philosophical tradition (“positive philosophy”) in the formation of an individual’s self-consciousness and attempts to overcome the limitations of simplistic ideological interpretations of Maxim Gorky, a distinguished representative of Russian culture. Relying on memoirs and epistolary evidence from Gorky and Fyodor Stepun, the authors show that, in the process of writing their memoirs and polemical works, Gorky and Stepun have created historical distance in relation to the present-day events surrounding them in order to better understand themselves in history. The article views Gorky’s and Stepun’s communications of the 1920s, their reflections on history and historical consciousness, as an expression of Russian intellectual culture. This concept of intellectual culture foregrounds knowledge as a valuable component, which is crucial for the development of an individual’s historical self-reflection.

Семантическая эволюция слова и формирование медиастилемы (существительное палач в отечественной лексикографии и публицистическом тексте)

The article is devoted to the semantic and pragmatic evolution of the word palach (tormentor) in the Russian language of the 20th–21st centuries and the reflection of this phenomenon in the Russian lexicography. Explanatory dictionaries of the 18th and 19th centuries, the data of the national corpus of the Russian language, as well as the texts from the magazine “Ogonek” published between 1916 and 2018 were used as research material. The author notes that before the revolution of 1917 Russian dictionaries recorded only the direct meaning of the noun. This lexicographic practice was in conflict with the simultaneous usage of word palach as ‘villain’ by Russian writers and journalists. The figurative meaning of the word was first recorded in the first Soviet dictionary published in 1935–1940. The ideological interpretation of the word was later included in the academic dictionaries of the Russian language in the 1950-s and 1960-s. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of the lexeme in the journalistic text. The publications from the magazine “Ogonek” demonstrate the use of the noun palach as an ideologeme which represented class alienation and historic doom for the enemies of the working people. In the post-Soviet period, political connotations faded into the background and the word palach was transformed into a philosopheme — a conceptually saturated term that serves to conceptualise the most important laws of existence. Materials of 2018 demonstrate the ability of the word palach to denote in the modern media text the foe which is not so much political but rather historical, one who desolates culture and opposes progress. Palach is an absolute evil, fulfilling itself in the historical arena. Palach is not an opponent in today’s struggle, but rather a negative historical example for future generations. The author concludes that it is necessary to reflect the pragmatic characteristics of the word more accurately in dictionaries. To define lexical units which are widely used in media texts and have the ability to communicate the worldviews of the author the term “mediastyleme” is proposed.

Сreating the Narrative on the Cossacks’ History of the Civil War Era in the South of Russia in the System of the Soviet Ideology of the 1920s – 1930s

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of forming the narrative on the history of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks during the Civil war in the system of Istparts (Commissions on the history of the October revolution and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)) of the North Caucasus. The experts had not only the task to write a “different” history of modern times, but also to form a historical narrative, which was to reflect the interpretation of events permitted by the authorities as the basis for a new model of historical memory. Creating the narrative in the operation system of Istparts determined the principles of selecting material and formulating key research issues. Methods and materials. The study is based on the methodology of “new local history”. The author analyzes local historical narratives as images of the past created by Istparts of the North Caucasus with the help of discursive analysis. Analysis. The paper analyzes the interpretation of the Cossacks’ history in the period of the socio-political crisis. It was found that in the 1920s the attention of researchers was focused on the search for class differentiation and struggle in the Cossacks’ history. As a result, local historical narratives present an original interpretation of the Cossack stratification, which demonstrates the authors’ desire to present the history of the Cossacks in accordance with the methodological instructions of the Commission on the history of the October Revolution and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). At the same time, they reflect judgments that are not limited to the ideological paradigm. This is due to the fact that in local historical narratives it was not always possible to combine the peculiarities of the historical process in the region with the proposed scheme and settings of the center. In the 1930s, there was a change in substantial aspects of constructing a new model of historical memory and historical narrative as its basis associated with the assertion of Stalin’s sole power. Published works were publicly criticized and banned. The authors of such works were repressed in the era of the Great terror. At this time there appeared new ideological interpretations of the Cossacks’ history. Since 1936, the political campaign “for the Soviet Cossacks” had been reflecting in creating the narrative in the system of Istparts. Results. Scientific analysis of sources and coverage of complexity and ambiguity of the historical process in the region were replaced by simple but “correct” ideological statements. With the help of interpreting the past focusing research attention on class stratification and explanation of the Cossacks’ place in the history of the Civil war a new image of the Cossacks was formed in public consciousness.

Pilate’s Question Revisited: Ideology and Religion

Truth, especially religious truth, is an ambiguous concept that lends itself to ideological distortion. Religion and ideology are always closely intertwined, especially in the Israel-born or monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all of which make truth claims. Jews, Christians, and Muslims must constantly struggle against ideological interpretations of their faith assertions. In the case of Christianity, the medieval Crusades represent a notorious example of the latter; in the case of Islam, the concept of jihad as exemplified by modern fanatics such as Osama bin Laden has resulted in widespread misunderstandings of the “true” character of Muslim faith. Ideology is always a simplifier and thus a falsifier. It is a perennial temptation, and the struggle against its subtle power never ends.

Youth Media Literacy in Interpreting the Ideology of the Film Documentary The Malayan Emergency (2010)

Ideology dissemination via historical documentaries provide an advantage to the government in implementing national policies. The characteristics of documentary films which represent 'reality' allow varied interpretations to reach their target audiences. It is thus imperative that the audience's understanding and interpretation be parallel with the ideology that the government wants to convey as to avoid the misinterpretation of information. However, studies have shown that audiences' interpretations are not always in line with what the producer intends to communicate. As such, the objective of this research is to analyse factors affecting youth media literacy in understanding and interpreting the ideology of historical documentary films titled The Malayan Emergency (2010). Audiences especially youths have their own views and opinions on any documentary film they watch. Experimental results show that critical thinking, media aesthetics and the exposure to the Internet actually affect ideological interpretations in historical documentary films. Among others, the results of the experimental study also showed that cognitive thinking skills and education backgrounds of youth have influenced the interpretation and understanding of historical documentary films. The interpretation and understanding of youth in ideology towards historical documentary films are influenced by individual factors (educational background and cognitive thinking), media texts (media aesthetic) and external factors (exposure to Internet). Thus, individual factors are the key aspect of media literacy to interpret messages critically. Keywords: Documentary, media literacy, critical thinking, aesthethic media, exposure Internet.

Aliens as Manifestations of Altered Humanity: An Alternate Ideological Interpretation

Aliens as Manifestations of Altered Humanity: An Alternate Ideological Interpretation

Riding the wave of distrust and alienation – new parties in Serbia after 2008

Abstract Serbian party system is in the phase of reconfiguration which can be perceived as the outcome of domestic incentives (crisis of democratic transition and of democratic rule) and the international one (economic and migrant crisis). On one side, this reconfiguration includes emergence of predominant ruling party (Serbian Progressive Party, SNS) with strong leader and popular support; on the other side, the opposition camp has been atomized into number of smaller parties. Most of these parties are the new one (including the SNS) and founded after 2008 elections and creation of pro-EU consensus among relevant parties; post-2008 period has been characterized by the decline of almost all old parties, followed by emergence, partial success and fast decline of a large number of new actors. In this paper I am investigating if these new parties can be explained as the unexpected consequence of ideological and political stability after 2008 elections, tactical narrowing of the ideological space and cartelization of the party system. Analysis will focus at populist and anti-partisan ideas, their interplay and different ideological interpretation.

S. ZIZEK ABOUT UNCOUSCIOUS PRECONDITIONS OF IDEOLOGY

Problem setting: The meaning of ideology in modern society does not need any validation, but the question of its forming remains extremely relevant. XXI century realia pushes to find new interpretations in traditional approaches. Views of S. Zizek unconscious preconditions of ideology are worthy of special analysis.Recent achievents and publications analisys. The problem of correlation between conscious and unconscious in symbolic activity has been repeatedly brought up in the works of authors who chose postmodernism as a methodological paradigm in their research. Many of them had continually undertook attempts to deconstruct the ideology phenomenon. The originality of S. Zizek research is in the use of Lacan S version of psychoanalysis as an instrument for his research.Paper objective. Main objective of the following paper is to uncover the possibilities of uncounscious in phenomenon of ideology realization.Paper main body. In the following paper the establishing andfunctioning of ideology in the perspective critical to Marxism ideology is examined. The use of psychoanalytical approach as a methodological guide becomes extremely popular in many fields of knowledge. The works of S. Zizek make readers see the problem of ideology from different viewpoint, constructively criticize the established approaches, and detect heuristic possibilities ofpsychoanalysis use in this field.As opposed to methodological orientation of postmodernism, Zizek in his analysis ensures consistency with Marxism and German classical philosophy; he even states the necessity to rehabilitate Hegel and his dialectics. He believes that psychoanalytical interpretation of ideology reestablishes the concept of thinking to be a real process, without concentration on the world of subjective individual. He sees Marxism as a teaching to study and explains fetishistic forms of consciousness, categorizing ideology as its intellectual variation. Ideology is something bigger than a false reflection of reality. In the case of ideology, reality distortion is possible only because human individuals in their practical work unconsciously create and cultivate this kind of distortion. The mere existence of social reality is based on the fact, that individuals to reproduce this reality are not fully aware of the content and consequences of their actions.Psychoanalytical interpretation of ideology studies social practices and socially sustained beliefs as something derivative from subjective inner appetence ofan individual. The most important objective of psychoanalytical criticism of ideology is to bring the ideological consciousness to the point where it can distinguish distorted products of projective activity in its own life. Psychoanalytical criticism of ideology should answer the question of what the symbolic order should be. It should be social reality constituting to save body and spirit health of individuals creating this reality.Conclusions of the research. The psychoanalytic interpretation of the phenomenon of ideology reveals that the connection between the values postulated by a particular ideology and the scientific argumentation used to substantiate these values is purely formal and optional. Scientific constructions, which are used by ideology, only «hide the excess pleasure inherent in any ideological form». The ideological construction is intended to hide behind rational arguments a thought that is destructive for the entire social system, that the goal of ideology is ideology itself, that the purpose of authority is authority itself. All rationalizations are only a by-product of the ideology’s desire for self-sufficiency. The conclusion is absolutely obvious: it is senseless to approach the analysis of any ideology from the side of its content. There will always be a gap between the declared values and the nature of the ideological form, which cannot be overcome by any rational analysis.