Ideological Contradictions Research Articles

5. FAMILY LAW MATTERS

ABSTRACTThis essay analyzes how new histories of family law help to dismantle developmentalist accounts of legal, economic, and political modernity. Far from being backwaters, they have recently emerged as sites of theoretical and practical innovation. Recombining methodologies from genealogy to social reproduction theory and psychoanalysis, they do more than denaturalize categories, destabilize familiar narratives, and demonstrate ideological contradictions (although they do that too). Motivated by a sense of what is lost theoretically and politically by the family's historical and juridical marginalization, they reinvigorate legal history by locating the problem of the family at the center of broader critical projects.

Проблема человека у Достоевского (попытка богословского толкования)

The translation of the work of the protestant theologian and thinker, as well as the expert on Russian spiritual culture, who maintained contacts with the leading Russian emigrant philosophers, Fritz Lieb (1892–1970) is offered to readers. Lieb’s article, published in the German-language magazine The Orient und Occident in 1930, is an attempt of theological interpretation of the problem of man in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky. According to Lieb, Dostoevsky’s anthropology is inextricably linked with his theology, and the entity of the Russian writer’s comprehension of thekey worldview and ideological contradictions of his epoch can only be understood by referring to his theological views. In the course of his analysis, Lieb often refers to the legacy of contemporary Russian emigrant thought, in particular, to the works of D. Chizhevsky, which examine the problem of duality in the Dostoevsky’s work, as well as the philosophical aspects of the novel The Brothers Karamazov. This article of the Protestant thinker had not previously been translated into Russian and was practically unknown to the domestic readers.

The racial constitution of neoliberalism

Prevailing scholarship on neoliberalism fails to recognise that it generates its own distinctive forms of racial domination. Influential analysts such as Wolfgang Streeck, David Harvey and Wendy Brown assume or argue that racism exists today because neoliberalism’s defeat of racial legacies is incomplete. This ignores how racism is reconfigured in ways that are specific to the historical moment of neoliberalism and dependent on a distinctive and substantial intellectual and political hinterland. A consideration of Friedrich Hayek’s theory of cultural evolution reveals a contradiction in neoliberal thought between its aspiration to establish a universal market system and its dependence on particularist ideas of western cultural pre-eminence. This ideological contradiction correlates with the fact that globalisation produces masses of surplus populations which are of no market value. A racial idea of culture is the means by which neoliberalism manages and works through its own limitations. Above all, ‘race’ provides a means of coding and managing the material boundaries between different forms of labour under neoliberalism: citizen and migrant, waged and ‘unexploitable’, bearers of entitlements and bare life.

Bruno Kreisky and the Soviet Union

The article is dedicated to the 110th anniversary of B. Kreisky (1911 – 1990), a prominent statesman of post-war Austria, one of the leaders of international social democracy. From 1959 to 1966 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria. In 1970 ‒ 1983 he was in charge of the Government of that State. In 1976 – 1989, he was Vice-President of the Socialist International. Soviet issues were not only an integral part of his political interests, but also a topic of constant dialogue within the European establishment, an important subject of meetings with the leaders of the USSR. Being a critic of many aspects of the USSR's foreign and domestic policy, not accepting the communist interpretation of Marxism, he did not consider ideological contradictions an obstacle to contacts with the Soviet leadership on a wide range of international issues. The dialogue with the USSR touched upon the topics of European and international detente, events in the Middle East and various situations in the countries of the "Third World".

Nasprotja in normativna izhodišča pri posodabljanju priročnikov knjižnega jezika

The article presents the ideological contradictions in guiding standard Slovenian, which are reflected in the inconsistent information in manuals of standard language. Generational and ideological disagreements regarding the determination of the normative basis of modern standard language are described, along with methods that ensure the agreement of linguists, who take into account both the spoken language variability and stability required for written standard language to function.

Canadian Conservatives Today

The Conservative Party of Canada (CPC) Convention was held in March 2021. It showed that the party is going through a complicated stage in its development. The relatively young party, created by uniting the disconnected factions of the conservative wing, has not been able to overcome the ideological contradictions. In addition, the work of the convention, as well as the daily activities of the CPC, was marked by a regional split, sharp differences between the Western and Eastern provinces. These contradictions were "fueled" by interpersonal squabbles that created an uneasy atmosphere within the party. To overcome the crisis the CPC would have to solve three tasks: first, to expand the electorate. Second, to review the points of the political program which do not meet modern realities. Third, solve the leadership problem. The immediate agenda includes moving towards overcoming the deepened internal party discord.

Transhumanisme et effondrement entre utopie et idéologie

This paper compares the utopian dimension of the transhumanist movements, which advocate for a technological transformation of the human condition, with the utopian vision of those perspectives – recently popularized in France – that imagine an alternative society starting from the risk of a widespread collapse of our ways of life and production. Through the work of the French philosopher Paul Ricœur on social imaginaries, this paper looks at these two linked movements, their ideological dimension and their relationship with utopia. The main hypothesis is that the perspectives focusing on collapse could be effective in overcoming some contemporary ecological and social issues, whilst the transhumanist utopia could strengthen some of the present ideological contradictions. The transhumanist imaginary contributes in fact to preserve the dominant socio-economic balance and it lacks the critical approach that is key to utopia. On the contrary, the effort to imagine the collapse of our society could be the first step of a real utopian project, of the development of an alternative society, starting today.

Христианские церкви и антиидентистская революция

The article analyzes the ideological contradictions of liberal democracy, or neoliberalism (antiidentism), and traditionalism (identism) on the example of Christian churches. Antiindentism considers traditional religiosity to be hostile: it should be reformed to conform to neoliberal values, and it should be banished from public space. At the same time, antiidentism does not want to eliminate religion, because it is one of the identities that have to be redone like other human identites. The article examines anti-Christian movements (like the “Black Lives Matter”) as well as conservative and liberal movements within various confessions. The authors emphasize that the antiidentist demands are based on the Christian values of respect for any person, for women and men, regardless of anything, for humane methods of raising children, mercy for any categories of people, regardless of their sexual orientation, etc. On the other hand, the demands of antiidentists go far beyond Christian principles and even common sense (not to quote inconvenient passages of the Bible, to change the rules of church life and the appointment of clergy). The article proposes a classification of confessions by direction and by territorial feature, depending on specifics of divisions based on the attitude to antiidentism (American Churches, the Catholic Church, Lutherans and Anglicans as well as diversity of Orthodox churches that are also touched by the antiidentist wave). The authors conclude that the Christian churches, despite the existence of liberal factions, are primarily a traditionalist force in modern politics. Because of fundamental ideological differences, the consolidation of diverse Christian forces is a difficult task. However, there is some progress in this direction. Evangelicals, traditional Catholics, who make up the majority of the Catholic Church, as well as the majority of Orthodox Christians, are a serious political and, what perhaps more important, ideological force.

Israeli TV creators’ social justifications

ABSTRACT In the past three decades, side-by-side with the growing precariousness of the global television industry, a distinction between “quality” TV and “trashy,” commercial TV has been established in many Western TV production fields. As a result, television creators – writers, producers, and directors – confront multi-faceted moral, financial, and professional dilemmas as well as struggles over positions and prestige. Taking the Israeli TV field as a case study, this article aims to study the set of social justifications employed by television creators vis-à-vis the above dilemmas. Drawing on Boltanski and Thévenot’s concepts of social justification and the theories of Pierre Bourdieu, this article finds that in trying to resolve ideological contradictions between commerce and notions of artistry, Israeli television creators assume the position of professionals with social responsibility and artistic conviction.

Історіософські концепти Русі і їх роль у синтезі сучасної національної ідеї сучасної України

Кризові явища всередині України, значною мірою випливають з відсутності об’єднуючої, ціннісної, світоглядної моделі яка б спрямувала існуючі ідеологічні вектори в одному, конструктивному для нації напрямку. Вирішення цієї проблеми можливе засобами філософського дослідження оскільки підвалини національної ідеї ґрунтуються на метафізичних ідеях і цінностях, що не можуть бути охоплені методами емпіричних наук. Автор аналізує концепти Київської Русі, які можуть виконати об’єднавчу роль у синтезі нової національної ідеї для українців. Серед них розглянуто концепт «Святої Русі», норманського походження державності Русі і концепт її посередницької ролі між Цивілізаціями Сходу, країнами Заходу і Скандинавії. Автором показано перспективи застосування цих концептів у сучасних умовах.

Prehistory and prerequisites of the creation of the Mari national theatre (1907–1919)

Introduction. Alongside with other cultural initiatives, the development of the theatre movement as a forerunner of the creation of the Mari national theatre was the result of the development of Mari cultural nationalism in the early twentieth century. The purpose of this article is to consider the facts of the prehistory of the creation of the Mari national theatre, which was set up in November 1919, and the factors that influenced the development of the theatre movement among Mari people. Materials and Methods. To achieve the goals, the author reviewed the first Mari periodicals, research and publications on the history of the Mari theatre and the development of the national movement, and the protocols of the Mari congresses. The systematic analysis of sources for the reviewed period, an attempt to restore events in chronological order allows us to formulate the most objective answers to the research problems. Results and Discussions. One of the key factors that influenced the development of the Mari theatre movement and interest to the theatre was the movement for the national and cultural education and development of the Mari people, initiated by Mari cultural nationalists that gradually developed since the beginning of the twentieth century. Prehistory of the creation of the Mari national theatre in November 1919 goes back about ten years and it is linked with the publication of the first periodical in the Mari language “Marla calendar”, development of literary creativity in the Mari language, and the first amateur initiatives to stage performances. The climax of this prehistory was the decisions made by the first Mari forums on theatre issues, and the rapid development of interest to the theatre among the people in 1917–1919. Along with this factor, the cultural and social specific features of Mari played an important role: a theatrical tradition in the festive and ritual spheres and the low level of literacy of the people in this period. Conclusion. The processes of development of modern Mari national culture, began with the publication of “Marla calendars”, were crucial for the entire Mari people. The ideological contradictions that appeared with the development of Soviet power among the Mari intelligentsia did not immediately begin to influence the work of the first Mari playwrights. The supporters of different ideological movements were the colleagues for many years. Although they had disagreements, they acted in a single direction in the development of their native people, in particular in support of the theatre movement. Newspaper publications and increased dramatic creativity clearly indicate that the Mari activists intuitively, and sometimes purposefully, fuelled interest in theatrical creativity, promoted and, thus, preceded the appearance of their own national professional theatre.

The epistemic evolution of market authority: Big data, blockchain and China’s neostatist challenge to neoliberalism

Neoliberalism initially invoked the authority of competitive markets as the ideal epistemic mechanism for socio-economic coordination. Yet, the rise of neoliberal ‘market society’ in Western advanced economies since the 1970s has been underpinned by a normative political theory that advocates the reconfiguration of society and politics around the authority of economic theory and knowledge in both production, but especially finance. Conversely, the reform-era development of China’s ‘socialist market economy’ has been underpinned by an insistence on retaining centralized political power over the allocation of financial capital. This article argues that the rise of digital algorithmic technologies constitutes one means by which these contrasting politico-economic visions are being more closely reconciled. It investigates the ways in which China’s ongoing construction of an explicitly authoritarian capitalism is being facilitated by the deployment of complementary financial technologies that enable the Chinese Communist Party to embrace the micro-level epistemic coordinative function of markets without relinquishing macro-level political power and juridical sovereignty over these markets. Following a comparative historiography of the praxis of ‘neoliberal’ and ‘neostatist’ political theory in contemporary capitalism, two case studies of blockchain-enabled currency and big-data driven credit scoring in China illustrate the emergent Fintech foundations of Chinese authoritarian capitalism. The findings contribute to our understanding of how markets are being reshaped by new algorithmic technologies, as well as illuminate some of ideological contradictions in existing conceptions of markets as (neo)liberal institutions at the centre of capitalist political economy.

Research on the Application of Ideological Consultation based on Computer Information in College Ideological and Political Education

With the continuous progress of reform and opening up, ideological and political education is also facing new adjustments. Faced with the increasing ideological problems of College students, ideological and political education should reopen a new educational model to resolve the ideological contradictions of College students. So, it is necessary to fully understand the value of ideological counseling in Ideological and political education. At the same time, when it comes to outlook on world, life and values, college students’psychological counseling seems powerless. Only by means of ideological consultation, can we correctly solve some ideological problems. So, the establishment of ideological consultation mechanism is the product of the times and social needs. At the same time, the development of computer information technology has helped us solve the problems we are facing. This paper first analyses the current situation of ideological problems faced by college students, and then analyses the specific methods of ideological counseling. Finally, this paper puts forward some methods of collaborative mode construction between ideological counseling based on computer information technology and ideological and political education.

Entre conflitos e silenciamentos: a literatura moçambicana como alternativa de narratividade histórica

A jovem independência de Moçambique ainda traz elementos da colonialidade que afligiu o país. Homens e mulheres lutaram não apenas pela independência, mas numa nociva guerra civil pós independência, um cenário em que sua história era ainda narrada a conta gotas, muitas vezes sem um espaço de inserção para moçambicanos e moçambicanas enquanto narradores. A literatura que convocamos para esta reflexão funciona como um elemento de representação frente ao silenciamento de sua própria história, muitas vezes contada pela figura do colonizador. A contribuição que aqui apresentamos traz uma reflexão sobre a história de Moçambique e o desenvolvimento de sua literatura. A investigação e a análise desenvolvida, de caráter panorâmico, fazem referência ao processo de formação do estado-nacional, após o acordo que garantiu a transferência do poder político à Moçambique, mais especificamente à FRELIMO, incluindo as contradições nas propostas ideológicas do partido e nos diversos desvios e problemas que ali se manifestaram.

Ideological and Political Research on Curriculum from the Perspective of Ideological Management in Colleges and Universities

With the acceleration of globalization, there are more and more cultural exchanges and collisions between different regions and countries, and the social ideological contradictions between them are highlighted. At the same time, with the development of network information technology and the acceleration of cultural transmission, China’s social ideology management is facing great challenges. As the main position for the construction of social ideology, ideological and political curriculum is an important means of ideological management in colleges and universities, so the ideological and political research under the ideological management of colleges and universities has very important practical significance. This paper analyzes and summarizes the current situation and existing problems of ideological and political work in colleges and universities from the perspective of ideological management.

Cultural Globalization and Sustainable Peace

Preventing war and expanding international peace has always been one of the major concerns of the scientific and academic circles of international relations and therefore the recognition of nature and discourse governing international relations is of particular importance. On the other hand, the new phenomenon of globalization is a very influential element in the relations between the state and social forces which has particularly affected the human political social and cultural arenas in the past two decades. And in the meantime international peace can spread as much as possible through the expansion of cultural ties. Therefore the present paper seeks to explore the role of globalization of political culture in global peace expansion as one of the new areas in studies related to globalization. Obviously the present paper seeks to answer the question of how the globalization of political culture has had an impact on international peace. In general, the main reasoning behind the present study is to look at the phenomenon of globalization from the point of view of contemporary modernity that the globalization of political culture by creating a series of common values ​​and norms have reduced the ideological contradictions that were the root of most of the warfare of human history and as a result has strengthened international peace.

The First World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar 1966: Contexts and Legacies

Reviewed by: The First World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar 1966: Contexts and Legacies ed. by David Murphy Yohann C. Ripert The First World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar 1966: Contexts and Legacies ED. DAVID MURPHY Liverpool UP, 2016. xii + 224 pp. ISBN 9781781383162 cloth. The First World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar 1966: Contexts and Legacies is a collection of ten essays that investigate art performances and postcolonial practices at a major cultural event promoted by Léopold Sedar Senghor, as well as the event's influence in large-scale spectacles of culture and the role of archives and archival-making from 1966 to 2016. Edited and introduced by David Murphy, the book is the only publication dedicated to a festival that some have cited as the "apotheosis" of Negritude (vii). Its most important contribution to the fields of African and postcolonial studies, however, is to combine multifaceted readings that go beyond Negritude and question the ways in which both Cold War ideology and Pan-African ideals haunted the First World Festival of Negro Arts, including how painters, choreographers, writers, and intellectuals have used the encounter to strengthen the ties between the African "homeland" and black peoples in the diaspora—especially in the United States. Though the book does not expand on the history of preceding cultural events (such as the 1956 Congress of Black Writers and Artists and its second iteration in 1959, as well as the 1962 Conference of African Writers of English Expression) to a 1966 festival (FESMAN) that aimed to create a platform for bolstering transnational blackness, David Murphy's thorough introduction theorizes the festival as "an attempt to produce a global community through a shared blackness" (5). Engaging with the most recent literature on aesthetics and politics in the postcolonial period, Murphy focuses on the political climate framing the festival's organization and stages its performance within a double bind that black intellectuals, artists, and statesmen faced after independence: between the reality of nationalism and the imagination of a postcolonial globality. To that end, Murphy questions both the "involvement of the important US delegation" in Senegal and the larger "role of culture in a post-imperial world" (9). In the volume's first part, "Contexts," each chapter engages with the double bind by offering a remarkable archival work on different aspects of the festival: staging of a "tradition" in art exhibitions (Vincent), creation of an "authentic" African ballet (Kringelbach), performance of the past in carefully programmed theatrical plays (Quinn and Bush), and coverage in popular media (Jaji). Perhaps [End Page 202] the strongest connection between these five chapters is their critical approach to the influence of and challenge to Senghor's aesthetic positions at the festival. Hélène Kringelbach not only analyzes how "the past was being reimagined in neo-traditional performance through the selection and standardization of a limited number of preforming practices" (74), she also retrieves from the archives a letter between Senghor's longtime ally Alioune Diop and Gray Cowan (Columbia University professor and future President of the African Studies Association) for academic expertise on "traditional African dances"—a request that seems to reveal an ideological contradiction between Senghor's strong sense of traditionalism and a lack of knowledge about those supposedly innate traditions. Similarly, Brian Quinn's close reading of Senghor's and Malraux's opening speeches revisits the "reworking of the relationship between culture and the State" (84) and then proceeds to analyze the behind-the-scenes of the festival's staging of Amadou Cissé Dia's Les Derniers Jours de Lat Dior to uncover a troubling instrumentalization of culture that "heads of states such as those in the audience at FESMAN" (95) can use for the mobilization of a nationalist sentiment. In the second part of the book, "Legacies," the focus turns to the festival's afterlives: from the 1969 Algiers festival conceived as a direct response to the Dakar event (Anderson) and the 1977 Lagos Festival explicitly hailed as its direct successor (Apter), to the making of the PANAFEST archive that examines the relation between those three festivals and the Zaire 1974 music festival (Vincent and Malaquais) and a more theoretical consideration of "festivalism" in Africa...

Ideology and Textual Analysis Modes in College English Teaching

Ideology has been infiltrating into texts. So has Western ideology extended into texts adopted in college English course book in China. As it is known to the world, there are conflicts and contradictions of ideology between China and some Western nations. Therefore, it is vital for English teachers to distinguish derogatory ideas from the Western ideology，guised under the cover of course book in the course of teaching. The paper, based upon The Diamond Necklace written by Guy De Maupassant, a French novelist, and “Unit 1 The Pursuit of Dreams, Deaf DJ” from New Progressive College English Integrated Course (Vol.1), is going to exploit the issue of ideology hidden in the texts respectively. The author of the paper puts forward three textual analysis modes to expose the ideologies, i.e. first, plot mode for fictional text; second, thematic mode for non-fictional one; third, qualitative mode for a mixed genre of fictional and non-fictional text. The three modes can be viewed as complementary, which can be used either together or separately depending upon the situation.

The Perpetuation of Myth: Ideology in Bone Tomahawk

Abstract The contemporary Western Bone Tomahawk is in the tradition of the settler-versus-Indian stories from the genre’s ‘classical’ period. Its story is informed by one of white America’s oldest and most paranoiac of racist-psychosexual myths: the captivity narrative. This article reads Bone Tomahawk’s figuration of the racial anxieties that inhere within nineteenth-century settler-colonial culture in the context of post-9/11 America. It also considers that the film’s imbrication of Horror film conventions into its essential Western framework amplifies its allegorical representation of contemporary America’s cultural and political-ideological mindset. As well, the use of Horror conventions amplifies the racial anxieties generated by its use of a mythic binary construct of an adversarial relationship between whites and ‘Indians.’ To a lesser extent, the article suggests that the film also embodies certain uncontained ideological contradictions that, though undeveloped, could be said to contest its ideological coherence.

Национально-освободительное движение в Египте в период британского колониального господства в конце XIX – первой четверти XX в.

The study deals with the history of the national liberation struggle in Egypt which has not only scientific but also political and practical importance. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Egypt was the most developed part of the Ottoman Empire and served as a link between the Arab countries of Asia and Africa. Egypt faced a full range of social and economic, political, and ideological contradictions between the Arab countries and European powers. The study of the national liberation movement reveals British colonial policies in the late 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. The novelty of the research is to introduce the particular historical material on the content, trends, contradictions, and issues of the national liberation movement in Egypt and new historical sources unavailable to most researchers. The methodological basis involves the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity which imply a critical attitude to the sources. Besides, the events of the national liberation movement are considered from a perspective of the cause-and-effect relationship and interaction between each other. The findings may be useful in delivering lectures and seminars on the history of Asian and African countries.