Ideal City Research Articles

Miasta idealne? Przykłady realizacji koncepcji smart city w Azji

The article analyzes the issue of an ideal city. The dynamic development of digital technologies leads us to believe that it is thanks to their use that the future cities will be created. At the beginning of the XXI century, the concept of a smart city became popular as a model of transforming the city using technologies to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. Projects of modern solutions are used more often in Asia than in Europe. Examples include cities built from scratch, but special attention should be paid to Singapore, which is at the top of many rankings. The article discusses all these issues, and the aim is to show the specificity of the functioning of a smart city on the example of Singapore.

Shaping City Identity: The Role of Built Environment Quality

Shaping City Identity: The Role of Built Environment Quality

Religious Harmony in East Nusa Tenggara: Insights into Local Tradition and Values of Muslim Communities

Kupang City, located in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province, stands out for its notable success in fostering tolerance among religious communities. Its significance lies in (a) being the largest city in NTT, (b) having a longstanding history of Islamic development, and (c) the proclamation of local leaders demonstrating a firm commitment to preserving Kupang as an exemplar of religious harmony. In light of these aspects, the authors conducted qualitative field research on Muslim village communities in Kupang to explore how harmony is maintained among religious groups. This research is based on the theoretical assumption that understanding the world requires a native point of approach, relying on the researcher's perspective. The findings reveal that a crucial foundation for harmony among religious communities is the residents' highly tolerant attitude, reflecting the active tolerance embedded in local wisdom. This local wisdom is further reinforced by the recognition of diversity as a defining feature of Kupang City's identity. The actualization of this value is evident in religious and cultural traditions, exemplified by the Siripuan tradition in Airmata Village. The dynamic nature of harmony among religious communities is underscored, with one contributing factor being the lower positive feelings experienced by minorities compared to the majority. Addressing this discrepancy is crucial for anticipating and mitigating potential challenges among Muslim minorities.

KENTSEL TASARIMIN KENT KİMLİĞİNİN İNŞASI ÜZERİNDE ETKİLERİ: KIZILAY VE KIZILIRMAK MAHALLELERİ

The main aim of this article is to discuss the effects of urban design on the construction of urban identity. Urban identity is a phenomenon that refers to the unique characteristics of a city. In recent decades, cities have been questioned for the loss of their distinctiveness, resulting in an increasing number of cities that look alike. Consequently, research on place-making and identity development has gained significance. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the effects of urban design on the construction of new city identities. The main hypothesis of the research is that "Urban design affects the construction of urban identity." The hypothesis is tested through two case studies in Ankara: Kızılırmak and Kızılay Neighborhoods. The case study areas are compared by analyzing Ankara development plans, evaluating old photos, texts, and maps, conducting observations and interviews, and performing spatial analysis on both cases. The research defines three main parameters, each consisting of a group of sub-parameters, to extract the effects of urban design on urban identity construction, as discussed theoretically. The research findings demonstrate that the elements of urban identity construction differ between the two cases and point to the significance of urban design on urban identity construction.

Functional performance of octagonal plan mosques-analysis of octagonal plan mosques in Mosul

The identity of Islamic cities is distinctly manifested through their congregational mosques, primarily characterized by their continuous and stable function, epitomized by the five daily congregational prayers. The performance of a mosque is intricately linked to a set of religious, organizational, structural, and economic determinants. and it is closely tied to the functional and architectural attributes of its elements and spaces. The historic congregational mosques in the Islamic world have predominantly adhered to the architectural model of the Prophet's Mosque, characterized by its rectangular form. In modern mosques, various factors such as technological advancements, and cultural and scientific influences have led to architectural trends and stylistic innovations. These innovations have aimed to enhance the efficiency and performance of congregational mosques, one of which is the octagonal form. The research problem centred on the utilization of the octagonal shape and its adaptability in the context of the congregational mosques in the city of Mosul and its suitability for optimal mosque functioning. The research sought to elucidate the appropriateness of employing the octagonal form in congregational mosques by analysing samples with octagonal layouts in Mosul to investigate the extent to which this form influenced the characteristics of the mosque. The research concluded that all octagonal layouts had undergone modifications and expansions to rectify the unsuitable layout, indicating that the octagonal form is foreign to the traditional mosque typology. Furthermore, it is subject to additional alterations to accommodate the functional and architectural requirements of the congregational mosque.

THE FUTURE OF KUDUS AS A RELIGIOUS CITY IN CENTRAL JAVA

THE FUTURE OF KUDUS AS A RELIGIOUS CITY IN CENTRAL JAVA

URBAN ACUPUNCTURE IN GUMUSSUYU PARK FOR RETHINKING GREEN AREAS WITH RECYCLING

Public spacesare spaces used by all individuals living in the city. For this reason, these areas must be capable of meeting the needs of all user profiles in society. Public buildings, parks, squares, streets, avenues and boulevards are the main urban public spaces. Squares, boulevards and streets are among the most important and dynamic elements of public spaces. These elements connect public spaces and structures, providing access to individuals living in the city, interaction and communication between individuals and make complementary and flexible interventions in public spaces, which are an integral part of the city identity that constantly changes depending on cultural and political changes in ensuring the sustainability of these areas. The literature focusing on the possibility of creating livable and lively spaces with intervention tools recommended by Habermas (2004) and Arendt (2006) presents urban acupuncture as a solution method proposed by Rubió (2008), Hoogduyn (2014), Casanova (2014), Casagrande (2015), Jooshani & Polat (2019) and Nassar (2021). This study aims to develop Gu?mu??suyu Park in Istanbul, Turkey, as a living part of the city again. In this study, the urban acupuncture approach was used to improve the unused area in Gu?mu??suyu Park. The data for the study were collected through observations made during field trips and presented as visuals and documents. Problem definition and visualisation methods were used in the presentation format. The ideas put forward for Gu?mu??suyu Park will become a part of the park's life and a breathing space for people living there or those passing by.

Understanding City 4.0: A Triple Bottom Line Approach

Rapid urbanization and population increase, along with remarkable technological advances, have accelerated the speed of digital transformation, or at least the need for it, in our cities. Whilst being smart and sustainable is seen somewhat as an ideal city quality globally, a new city concept has emerged—the so-called City 4.0—that combines Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 in the context of smart cities. While there is growing literature on the topic, there is limited understanding of City 4.0. This communication piece aims to bring clarity to City 4.0 by elaborating it from three diverse but interrelated perspectives—namely, societal, environmental, and economic lenses or domains (also know as the triple bottom line approach)—and highlights the key City 4.0 themes—namely, circularity, adaptability, livability, accessibility, authenticity, and responsibility. The methodological approach includes a thorough appraisal of the current City 4.0 literature. This communication paper informs researchers, local and regional authorities, and urban planners on the rising importance of the notion of City 4.0 and its prospective research areas.

The Serial Multiple Mediation Model of District Satisfaction, District Attachment and City Attachment on City Identity: Istanbul

Yerleşim yerine yönelik memnuniyetin mekana bağlanmayı artırdığı, mekana bağlanmanın da mekan kimliği üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu ayrı ayrı pek çok araştırmada incelenmiş; ancak memnuniyet, bağlanma ve kimlik arasındaki ilişkilerin bir arada incelendiği sınırlı sayıda çalışma olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul özelinde ilçeye yönelik memnuniyet ve şehir kimliği arasındaki ilişkide ilçeye bağlanma ve şehre bağlanmanın seri çoklu aracılık etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma, İstanbul’un farklı ilçelerinde yaşayan, yaşları 17 ile 64 arasında değişen 228 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları arasında İlçe Memnuniyeti Ölçeği, Mekana Bağlanma Ölçeği, Mekan Kimliği Ölçeği ve Sosyo-demografik bilgi formu yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları ilçe memnuniyeti ve şehir kimliği arasındaki ilişkide (1) ilçeye bağlanma ve (2) ilçeye bağlanma ve şehre bağlanmanın seri çoklu aracı etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular şehirle kurulan ilişkide yaşanılan ilçenin önemli olduğunu göstermiştir.

From Heritage to Identity: The Role of City Authenticity in Shaping Local Community Identity and Cultural Preservation

This comprehensive study aims to investigate the role of urban heritage authenticity in shaping citizen identity, with a specific focus on historic cities. By examining the relationship between the perceived authenticity of urban heritage and citizen identity, this research sheds light on the significance of authenticity in interpreting cities' historical evolution and identity. The study employs a three-dimensional measure of urban identity, encompassing cognitive, affective, and evaluative aspects, to establish a connection between urban identity and citizen participation in local initiatives through personal and social norms. To comprehensively explore the impact of city authenticity on citizen identity formation, the research utilises a combination of survey questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. Three prominent historic cities also serve as case studies: Kampung Kauman in Surakarta, Kampung Laweyan in Surakarta, and Kampung Trusmi in Cirebon. This study contributes to our comprehensive understanding of the role of urban heritage authenticity in shaping citizen identity. The research emphasises the significance of authenticity in interpreting the historical evolution and identity of cities, showcasing its influence on citizens' perceptions, engagement in local initiatives, and overall sense of place. The case studies are practical examples of how authenticity fosters community identity and cultural heritage preservation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, and community stakeholders, guiding their efforts to promote and preserve the authentic character of historic cities.

Taking on the world: the internationalisation of City Football Group

Purpose Football is at once both a global sport and one that is defined by fiercely guarded local boundaries. For a firm operating within this highly lucrative industry and with ambitions of establishing a strong international presence for itself, a balance must be struck between riding on the game’s global appeal on the one hand and the need to somehow embed itself within particular local spaces on the other. This study aims to analyse how one such firm, the holding company City Football Group (CFG), is going about achieving this. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper that adopts a broadly inductive approach, building on an extensive analysis of both theoretical research and publicly available secondary data to develop a framework depicting three key strategies associated with CFG’s internationalisation. Findings Three factors are identified as being especially pertinent in CFG’s international expansion: the composition of CFG’s top management team; the attempts to establish a unifying “City identity”; and CFG’s forays into more peripheral leagues around the world after having established itself at the “top end” of the game. Practical implications The framework presented in this paper is particularly oriented towards a practitioner audience. Managers of firms operating in football, as well as in other industries in which the pressure to be both globally integrated and locally responsive is particularly acute, can draw lessons from both the framework and the broader insights presented here on CFG’s global expansion. Social implications Football is widely regarded as the world’s most popular sport, and fans often take matters very seriously when it comes to the club they support. How football clubs are run is, therefore, a matter of considerable societal interest, as demonstrated by various fan protests over the years. As global, multi-club ownership structures like that adopted by CFG become more commonplace, this study will provide football fans with some insight into the strategies of these companies and how their own clubs fit within these ownership models. Originality/value This study addresses an under-researched topic: the international expansion of a prominent football holding company.

ROLE OF DESIGN OBJECTS IN CREATING THE VISUAL IDENTITY OF A CITY BASED ON THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF CHINA

The purpose: to investigate and analyze the current situation regarding the integration of Chinese cultural heritage into design objects aimed at creating the city's image, substantiating the necessity of such integration in modern conditions.
 Methodology. The research used the methods of literature review, synthesis, analysis, and systematization of the obtained results. Additionally, a situational analysis of the visual image of Chinese sports events is conducted.
 Results. The importance and necessity of integrating aesthetic elements of Chinese cultural heritage into the design production of the city's visual identity are justified. Future research directions in this field are identified. The study analyzes successful examples of design objects for major sports events in China developed using cultural heritage elements.
 Scientific novelty. The study involves the analysis and synthesis of previous research on the topic. Based on this analysis, four promising directions for further research in the field of design production for creating the urban image are identified.
 Practical significance. The findings of this research can be applied in studying innovative design based on cultural heritage and in practical design of objects visualizing the urban image.

Early virtual science museums: when the technology is not mature

This paper discusses three case studies of early science museum-related websites in the 1990s and early 2000s, when web technology was still relatively new and evolving. The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC) was a completely virtual museum, originally produced in 1995 as part of the Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp), an international online museum directory within the WWW Virtual Library, adopted by the International Council of Museums (ICOM). The Science Museum in London was one of the first museums in the United Kingdom to have its own web server. The museum hosted an early meeting on web service provision by and for museums, concurrently with an exhibition on the Information Superhighway at the museum in 1995. Exhiblets were launched online in 1998. Ingenious was a multi-site digital collections transformation project, launched as a website in 2003. Virtual Leonardo and Leonardo’s Ideal City were two experiments conducted by the digital team of the Science and Technology Museum of Milan, between 1999 and 2001. The experiment consisted of the creation of a shared online 3D world, namely a reconstruction of the real museum in the first case and a completely imaginary world in the second case. This paper describes the above three case studies from the early World Wide Web and then draws some conclusions, from first-hand experience of developments at the time. We cover both the advantages and the challenges encountered by the various projects and illustrate why they did not necessarily become established, despite promising early results.

Images that Build a Country: Industrial Photography at the Service of Architecture in Colombian Photobooks and Magazines

This article analyzes the development of industrial photography in Colombia during the 20th century from photobooks and magazines. Photography at the service of architecture has served to build inventories, project ideal cities, analyze construction systems and to write about the discipline. In a broader panorama, industrial photography has also set graphic lines in editorial development and consolidated ways of approaching the urban from literature and art. This research dissects Colombian editorial projects structured in photographic material where architecture has a central role.

Multilayer Reading of the Urban Environment as a Method of Studying Space Transformation

Abstract: The urban environment is undergoing significant transformations driven by a multitude of factors, raising methodological questions about forecasting these changes within the context of sustainable development. This article delves into the multifaceted realm of urban science, exploring how it scrutinizes urban spaces, the tools it employs, and the aspects it often overlooks.
 Contemporary urban science confronts the intricate web of constituents that comprise a city system and their intricate interplay. This complexity underscores the fragmentary and non-comprehensive nature of modern urban studies. The questions of what urban science is, from what point of view and with what tools it examines the urban space, and which phenomena are ignored or incompletely studied in that process were studied. Based on the complexity level of the constituent elements of the city system and the interrelationship of these elements, the non-comprehensive and fragmentary character of studies of modern urban science has been formulated, and "Reading" the city becomes an essential endeavor, unveiling the city's narrative, culture, and identity. This article contemplates the principles and methodologies of reading the urban landscape, recognizing it as a dynamic, ever-evolving text that we must interpret and comprehend.
 Article states the need for "reading" the city and form the "language" of the city applying the concept of "textuality" as an interdisciplinary method to study the space, as well as the principles and methods of reading the urban landscape. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together diverse methods to shed light on the multifaceted urban landscape. This holistic and interdisciplinary approach is vital in addressing the dynamic challenges and opportunities posed by modern urbanization.
 Keywords: urbanism, landscape, transformation, identity, textuality,

Green Infrastructure: Legislative and Behavioral Approaches in the Context of Urban Engineering

Abstract The authors of the article integrate legislative, cognitive-behavioural, and construction approaches to green infrastructure in the context of urban engineering involving green space as a fundamental attribute of quality of life. They briefly introduce the ideas of ideal cities of the geniuses of antiquity, Marco Vitruvius Pollio, Leonardo da Vinci, and Thomas More. The main focus is on the legislative issues of green infrastructure, particularly concerning the activities of local authorities. They perceive green infrastructure as an institute with a multi-beneficial meaning, within the framework of administrative science understood as a public interest incorporating a range of partial issues from the primary interest of environmental protection, economic development of settlements, promotion of public and mental health, social issues, and sports.

The Interrelationship between the Design of House Facades and the Architectural Identity of the City: Amman City as a Model

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the evolution of architectural identity in Amman's house facades, emphasizing the reciprocal influences between these facades and the city's overall architectural identity. Methods: The study employed a historical overview of Amman, examined the evolution of residential facades, and incorporated insights from pioneering architects through research and interviews. Analysis focused on a set of multi-story residential facades sharing certain characteristics but differing in construction stages and city locations. The goal was to understand mutual influences between architectural identity and dwelling facades. Results: The study revealed Amman's residential facades evolved from spontaneous beginnings to controlled designs influenced by local architects and municipal regulations. This led to a distinctive Urban Cubist character. Mutual influences between dwelling facades and city identity were identified, shaped by political, economic, social, and cultural factors, as well as materials. Global capitalism and new market mechanisms contributed to diverse intellectual styles, influencing the city's architectural identity. Conclusions: The study recommends reevaluating regulations for architectural facades to boost place identity for new architects. Additionally, it suggests establishing the architectural identity of the city, understanding Amman's urban growth, exploring the city's architectural identity in relation to Jordanian societal perspectives on buildings, and promoting architectural culture in academic settings.

Protection of historic public spaces in the creative process of the city's identity.

This article addresses the development of new identity in cities returned to Poland after the Second World War, taking the example of Szczecin (fig. 1). This process is characterized by many years of changes: reconstruction, revalorization and revitalization of urban complexes. In the process of creating a new, Polish identity of those cities, focus was clearly placed on the functionalist development of urban structures and strongly emphasized comprehensive functionality of downtown spaces. This trend seriously threatened historic public spaces preserved in these areas. However, it is also necessary to take into account the growing requirements regarding functionality and quality of life as well as needs related to the contemporary utility of historic urban areas. A living, developing city cannot be insulated from changes resulting from economic, technological and cultural development, or from the utilitarian needs of its inhabitants. Urban revitalization is a method that thoughtfully protects the historical value of buildings, while allowing new functions and activities, appropriately selected in terms of heritage protection. In these processes, special attention should be paid to historic public spaces where urban life takes place as they are crucial for the city’s identity. Negotiating the city’s social identity takes place mainly in historical public spaces, where the reliability of the approach to the protection of historical values and resources is the condition for social acceptance.

The The Distortion In Libyan Architecture's Identity Between Its Past And Present

Architectural composition, as a stand-alone form, created a unity of urban identity, gathering in the whole and forming civilization through the ages. As well, buildings with the character of traditional architectural style may create a sense of belonging and belongingness that is distinctive and cannot be duplicated, as well as symbolizing people's identities. In addition, it is still significant that architectural identity plays a role in improving place identity, memory, and belonging. Architecture and place identity have become the central themes of architectural debates in Libya; their form and content are flawed and transformational due to social factors and policies. As a result, realizing these transformations and solving the problem of architectural identity is more important. In this working paper, a qualitative, broad review of Libyan city identity is presented. This article included examples of architecture in use throughout Libya to gain a thorough understanding of the turmoil that is relevant to the present and future identities of Libyan cities. As a conclusion, the article summarized some facts that could be considered from reviews of the heritage of local architecture as references and from general discussions about the current situation in order to develop the vision of building local identities.

Unveiling Baghdad's Urban Identity: A Comprehensive Study on the Dynamics of Urban Imprint

This research examines the "urban imprint" from an environmental and architectural perspective, focusing on Baghdad, Iraq. Analyzing Baghdad's urban evolution, considering social activities, ideological concepts, and economic factors, it aims to delineate characteristics contributing to the city's unique imprint. It underscores urban sprawl, population growth, and modernity's impact on the urban landscape, emphasizing the need for standards aligning with the city's identity. Findings reveal a dynamic process influenced by fixed and variable factors. Implications stress physical form assimilation to reflect local values, promoting sustainable urbanization. The study calls to halt Baghdad's urban deterioration, emphasizing the importance of regularly updating city-specific requirements for urban imprint. This research informs the global discourse on urban identity and design.
 Highlights: 
 
 This research explores the concept of "urban imprint" with a focus on Baghdad, analyzing its historical evolution and factors shaping its unique urban identity.
 It highlights the ongoing dynamics of urban imprint influenced by urban sprawl, population growth, and modernization.
 The study emphasizes the need for tailored urban design standards to preserve local identity and promote sustainable urbanization.
 
 Keywords: Urban Imprint, Baghdad City, Urban Identity, Sustainable Urbanization, Environmental Factors