This qualitative study explores how clinicians with lived experience (LE) of eating disorders (EDs) view their experiences of identity, boundaries, and recovery within NHS England services. Participants (N = 9) were healthcare professionals in NHS England ED services, recruited as part of a wider qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) Lived experience as a source of professional motivation versus perfectionistic pressure; (2) Recovery as identity work; (3) Emotional labor, resonance, and self-disclosure; and (4) LE-informed reflections on ED services. LE offered empathy, connection, and optimism, but also required ongoing emotional monitoring, boundary management, and negotiation of professional identity. Findings highlight the value and complexity of LE in ED care and underscore the need for supportive supervision and organizational cultures that recognize both strengths and vulnerabilities associated with integrating LE in practice.

Kenya Electronic Medical Records (KenyaEMR) has improved data availability for patient services and programmatic purposes in Kenya. Maturity models provide a framework to assess health information systems (HIS) capabilities across maturity levels to ensure they are effective. This study aimed to determine KenyaEMR's current and goal maturity status, highlight gaps, and establish priorities for continuous improvement. The HIS Stages of Continuous Improvement (SOCI) Toolkit guided KenyaEMR's maturity assessment across five HIS domains and five maturity stages: 1-emerging/ad hoc; 2-repeatable, 3-defined, 4-managed, and 5-optimized. Participants included KenyaEMR experts representing the Ministry of Health, implementing partners, donor agencies, and faith-based organizations. The consensus-building process to determine final maturity scores utilized a two-round modified Delphi process. Improvement roadmaps were developed as action plans to bridge identified gaps. The assessment occurred in August 2024. Thirty-two stakeholders participated in the assessment. The overall KenyaEMR average maturity score was 3.2/5. Across the five HIS domains, the highest maturity scoring domain was standards and interoperability (4.4/5) and the lowest was management and workforce (2.3/5). The other domains maturity scores include leadership and governance (2.8/5), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure (2.9/5), data quality and use (3.7/5). Among the 39 subcomponents, 7/39 (17.9%) scored at the 5-optimized maturity stage, of which six included data exchange standards, terminology management, master facility list, unique person identity management, person data exchange, and aggregated data exchange under the standards and interoperability domain. In comparison, 6/39 (15.4%) subcomponents scored lowest at the 2-repeatable level, with three (HR policy, HIS financing plan, and resource mobilization) under the management and workforce domain. The overall goal status maturity score was 4.6/5, with all subcomponents expected to reach 4-managed or 5-optimized levels by 2027. KenyaEMR's overall maturity level was 3.2/5. The workforce and management domain will require attention so that national-level investments in the HIS workforce and an increase in local funding sources can decrease the high donor funding dependency by the Kenya Ministry of Health. Conducting routine assessments coupled with the upcoming promising commitments from the local government to increase digital health investments will benefit continued support for KenyaEMR as it evolves.

ObjectiveThis study examines how anonymity influences self-disclosure and social feedback across illness stages, and whether these effects vary with disease progression. To theorize these dynamics, we propose a Dynamic Identity Management (DIM) framework to visualize how anonymity shapes self-disclosure and social feedback, and whether these effects vary with disease progression.MethodsWe collected posts from the “Cancer” super-topic on Zhihu between January 2018 and January 2024 using Python web crawlers. Through semantic embedding (Sentence-BERT) and clustering (similarity threshold=0.8), we linked anonymous posts to their real-name authors, constructing a six-year longitudinal panel dataset of 1,998 posts from 215 users. User and year fixed-effects models were employed to estimate the causal effects of anonymity on disclosure motivation, emotional expression, information breadth and sensitivity, and social feedback (likes and comments), with illness stage (initial diagnosis, mid-stage, terminal) as a moderator.ResultsAnonymity significantly increased intrinsic disclosure motivation (β=−0.318, p<.01) and negative emotional expression (β=−0.196, p<.05), but did not affect social feedback or factual information disclosure. Both initial and terminal stages directly increased social feedback (likes and comments, p<.001) and negative emotional expression (p<.001) compared to the mid-stage. Illness stage significantly moderated anonymity’s effects: the negative effect of anonymity on comments was stronger during initial (β=−0.334, p<.05) and terminal stages (β=−0.313, p<.05); its facilitative effect on negative emotional expression was amplified in both critical stages (initial: β=−0.258, p<.05; terminal: β=−0.265, p<.05); and its positive effect on intrinsic motivation was attenuated during these high-stakes phases (initial: β=0.297, p<.05; terminal: β=0.357, p<.05).ConclusionAnonymity selectively facilitates intrinsic motivation and negative emotional expression but does not increase social feedback or factual information disclosure. Users dynamically manage identity across the illness stage: in high-risk stages (initial diagnosis and terminal), they prioritize emotional release through anonymity, even though this reduces social feedback relative to real-name posting; in the low-risk mid-stage, they use anonymity for intrinsically motivated disclosure without losing social feedback. This pattern supports the DIM framework’s proposition: anonymity is not a fixed personal attribute; its effects depend on the illness stage. By specifying this dynamic mechanism, the DIM framework advances understanding of anonymity in OHCs and offers actionable insights for designing stage-sensitive health support systems.

Palliative care patients experience complex symptoms requiring varied pharmacological management. Medication choice depends on the underlying aetiology of symptoms, guideline recommendations, clinician preference and medication availability. The aim of this study was to canvass the views of practising Australian and New Zealand medical practitioners practising palliative careregarding the medications they perceive to be essential for managing prevalent end-of-life symptoms, in an update to a previous clinician survey conducted in 2000. This study also canvassed respondents' views on whether patients experienced difficulties accessing these medications. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 among current members of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine (ANZSPM). The questionnaire explored ideal pharmacological management for 19 different symptoms experienced at the end of life. A descriptive analysis of results was calculated in SPSS version 28.0. Survey reponses were received from 13.5% of ANZSPM members. For most symptoms (n = 70), a large number of medications were listed as essential. The most concordant first-ranked medications included hyoscine butylbromide for noisy breathing (48.8%), benzodiazepines for breathlessness (nominated by respondents as a class, 41.2%), dexamethasone for cachexia (36.4%) and morphine for cough (35.5%). Respondents most frequently indicated there was no essential medication for oral ulceration, dry mouth, delirium and anorexia. Lidocaine for oral ulceration was ranked the most difficult for patients to access in the community (85.7%). There remains various opinions on essential medications for palliative care. This suggests the need for ongoing research to reach an evidence-based consensus for clinical practice.

Effect of weaning duration (3 vs. 6 weeks) on plasma acylcarnitine and free fatty acid profiles in ad libitum-fed dairy calves.

As financial activity becomes increasingly global, institutions need a reliable way to recognise individuals across borders. As the successful adoption of the Legal Entity Identifier demonstrates, international identification frameworks are achievable when standards and oversight are aligned. Developing an equivalent system for natural persons, however, is considerably more complex. A Natural Person Identifier (NPI) would need to operate across diverse legal systems, privacy regimes and administrative traditions, and would require levels of cooperation that nation states are yet to reach. This paper examines what identity numbers are, how they are created, and the legal frameworks that govern their use. It considers what an NPI would need to achieve in the context of global financial transactions, and which international bodies could act as trusted clearinghouses for cross-border verification. The paper reviews how passports (ie machine-readable travel documents) have become widely accepted as proof of identity, and explains the processes that make them secure and internationally trusted. Drawing on this example, it explores whether a similar model could support a global NPI, and how standardisation groups and United Nations bodies might work more closely with the payments industry to develop a practical solution. The paper is intended for policymakers and practitioners involved in identity management, standardisation and the implementation of NPIs in financial systems. This article is also included in The Business &amp; Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.

ABSTRACT As digital media become deeply embedded in everyday life, sexual minority men’s self-presentation and identity negotiation increasingly unfold through mobile dating applications. This study investigates how Hong Kong sexual minority men navigate self-presentation and well-being on Grindr within intersecting cultural and political frameworks. Based on 16 semi-structured interviews, the analysis integrates the concepts of imagined audience and the minority stress model to examine how users negotiate visibility and safety amid Confucian family ethics, Christian sexual morality inherited from the colonial past, and the globalized politics of LGBTQ+ identity. The findings reveal that users employ blurred photos, coded expressions, and strategic self-presentations to balance familial obligations, religious norms, and global queer expectations, and that these strategies carry significant psychological costs. The analysis is guided by the framework “platform-mediated minority stress,” illuminating how platform affordances and governance mechanisms, including geolocation, filtering functions, and content moderation, translate intersecting moral and cultural regimes into individualized forms of psychological tension and identity management. This study extends the minority stress framework into the domain of digital platforms and offers a new lens for understanding queer digital life in postcolonial, hybrid global cities.

Biometric verification technologies have become increasingly important in modern law enforcement as tools for improving identity management, strengthening investigative processes, and enhancing crime control strategies. The rising sophistication of criminal activities, identity theft, and cyber-enabled offences has exposed major weaknesses in traditional identification approaches, prompting the adoption of biometric systems that rely on distinctive physiological and behavioural characteristics such as fingerprints, facial recognition, iris patterns, gait analysis, and voice recognition. This study presents a systematic review that examines the role and effectiveness of biometric verification technologies in crime prevention, detection, and criminal investigations. It evaluates how effectively these technologies support crime control, assesses their operational performance and accuracy across different deployment environments, identifies key implementation challenges, and explores the ethical, legal, and socio-technical implications surrounding their use in policing and justice systems. The research employs a systematic review methodology guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. The synthesised evidence indicates that biometric verification systems significantly improve suspect identification accuracy while strengthening surveillance and investigative capabilities. However, challenges remain, including high deployment costs, infrastructure limitations, algorithmic bias, privacy concerns, and regulatory gaps. Overall the findings suggest that responsibly governed biometric systems can strengthen crime prevention efforts while supporting justice systems.

Conditions that enterprise Android kiosks have to handle differ dramatically from typical mobile apps, as they're used in commercial settings, e.g., in retail applications, warehouses, health care and industrial applications. Such systems are on expected to operate around the clock with much reliability, performance and access security to enterprise resources. These requirements create problems related to long-running sessions, memory management, process recovery, network interruptions, offline operation and smooth integration with enterprise identity and device management platforms. Common Android development strategies face challenges in meeting these requirements and there is a need for architectures to ensure predictable application behaviour, maintainable code bases and strong lifecycle management capabilities. This research explores the suitability of a Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architectural pattern as a building block design for enterprise Android kiosk applications emphasizing on state management, lifecycle resilience, and application operability. The research suggests the development of a cross-platform MVVM pattern framework which utilizes the contemporary development technologies of Android: Jetpack Compose, ViewModel, StateFlow, repository structure for data access and enterprise authentication systems. The framework has structured ways of handling the state of UI, preserving application context on change of configuration and restart of processes, authentication session by Single Sign-On (SSO) and biometric verification, and fault-tolerant recovery strategies in a kiosk context. Analysis of the proposed architecture shows that it achieves improvements over these traditional architectural approaches with regards to maintainability, state consistency, lifecycle recovery and integration with security. The rest of the study offers a practical architectural approach to enterprise Android-based kiosk systems and design guidelines to help organizations produce scalable, secure and resilient mobile architectures enabling enterprise mission critical operations.

Health data spaces are emerging as essential infrastructures for secure and interoperable data sharing across decentralized health systems. This work presents the initial deployment of FEDERA Salud, Spain's first federated health data repository based on SIMPL, developed at the University Hospital Virgen del Rocio (HUVR) - Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS). The system enables secure, interoperable data exchange while preserving data sovereignty through a Kubernetes-based architecture and aligned with FAIR principles. It incorporates identity and access management, digital contracts and an app-to-data model to support privacy-preserving computation. Additionally, a metadata catalogue compliant with healthDCAT-AP enhances dataset discoverability and semantic interoperability, and governance adheres to GDPR and national regulations for secondary use of health data. Initial results indicate that SIMPL's Minimum Viable Product (MVP) provides a scalable and trustworthy foundation for Spain's contribution to the European Health Data Space.

Invisible disabilities often remain unrecognised until they disrupt normative expectations, placing women in a paradox where inclusion depends on performing normativity. This autoethnography examines the psycho-emotional costs of identity management as a neurodivergent mother, caregiver, and scholar. Guided by intersectional feminist disability frameworks, I analyse personal journals and reflections to foreground the lived realities of invisible disability. The analysis reveals four themes: Masking and Conformity; When Masking Fails; The Gendered Burden of Resilience; and The Sunflower Lanyard as a Scarlet Letter. Findings show that social participation for neurodivergent women is predicated on suppressing disability traits to meet gendered expectations. Furthermore, the study explores how tools like the Sunflower lanyard can fail without institutional training, potentially functioning as a marker of othering rather than a tool for relational care. This research advances scholarship by highlighting the precarious nature of conditional inclusion.

As the domain of network security keeps on evolving rapidly, especially in sensitive areas such as healthcare systems, the demand for reliable device verification, controlling access, and spotting threats is growing sharply. This paper presents the design, implementation, and systematic evaluation of an improved Intent-Based Networking (IBN) system that integrates post-quantum cryptography, certificate-based identity management, and machine learning-based anomaly detection within a unified framework. The system incorporates SPHINCS+ post-quantum digital signatures for quantum-resilient authentication, X.509 certificate lifecycle management for establishing device trust, and hardware-aware cryptographic operations to maintain efficiency. It further enforces fine-grained access policies using Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) augmented with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), ensuring strong access governance across network segments. For early threat detection, machine learning models such as Isolation Forest and MiniBatch KMeans are employed to learn communication patterns and detect anomalous device behavior. Additionally, event logs are maintained using asynchronous, hash-chained logging mechanisms inspired by blockchain principles, ensuring auditability and data integrity. To address evaluation transparency and rigor, the framework is assessed using a controlled prototype testbed with explicitly defined traffic features and reproducible experimental settings. The evaluation considers cryptographic correctness, access control performance, anomaly detection capability, and scalability under increasing workloads. Experimental results demonstrate 100% success in post-quantum signature generation and verification, effective anomaly detection with no observed false negatives in the evaluated scenarios, and stable log-processing throughput as the number of events grows. Importantly, this work does not claim novelty in individual components, but contributes through the system-level integration and empirical evaluation of a quantum-safe, ML-assisted IBN security architecture. The findings highlight key trade-offs between security enforcement and usability, while also identifying limitations such as certificate expiry handling gaps, conservative policy behavior, and lack of large-scale statistical validation. These observations establish a reproducible baseline and motivate future work toward statistically rigorous validation, real-world deployment, and adaptive policy optimization.

BackgroundDegenerative meniscus tears are common in middle-aged and older adults, and current guidelines favor nonoperative care. As patients increasingly turn to portal systems to view imaging results and communicate with their physicians, patient-facing wording may shape downstream treatment preferences and expectations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether subtle differences in physician message framing about an identical degenerative meniscus tear influence preferred management, expectations for improvement with conservative therapy, and satisfaction when a physician recommends a different plan.MethodsA cross-sectional 37-question survey was developed de novo and distributed in January 2026 to lay adults in the United States (≥18 years) recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents were presented with a standardized vignette of an adult aged 60 years with knee pain due to a degenerative meniscus tear. Participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 fashion into 3 physician portal message framing groups: neutral, degenerative, and damage. Outcomes were the preferred next step in treatment, expected improvement with physical therapy, and retained satisfaction under physician-respondent disagreement. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between framing groups.ResultsOf the 266 completed responses, 195 (73.3%) were included for analysis (neutral: n=67, 34.4%; degenerative: n=63, 32.3%; damage: n=65, 33.3%). Treatment preferences differed significantly across groups (χ22=6.1; P=.047), and the damage group was significantly more likely to prefer aggressive interventions (odds ratio 2.43, 95% CI 1.17-5.06; P=.02). Expectations for physical therapy success differed significantly (χ24=12.3; P=.02), with the damage group being most pessimistic about conservative care. Retained satisfaction under physician-respondent disagreement did not differ by framing group (χ26=6.7; P=.35) but did differ significantly by initial treatment preference (P=.03) and was the lowest among respondents preferring steroid injection.ConclusionsIn this exploratory investigation, subtle differences in physician portal message framing regarding a magnetic resonance imaging impression of a degenerative meniscus tear were associated with shifts in treatment preferences and confidence in conservative care. These findings suggest that brief physician portal communications may be associated with shifts in hypothetical patient expectations and treatment preferences before clinical counseling occurs.

Self-sovereign identity (SSI) systems empower users to (anonymously) establish and verify their identity when accessing both digital and real-world resources, emerging as a promising privacy-preserving solution for user-centric identity management. While prior work, such as CanDID (IEEE S&amp; P 2021) made strides toward decentralized and Sybil-resistant SSI, significant limitations remain. Specifically, CanDID fails to ensure unlinkability in the presence of a single malicious issuer and requires frequent user-issuer interactions to obtain each application-specific credential, contradicting the non-interactive ideals of SSI, whose core aim is to give users full control over their identities. This paper first introduces the concept of publicly verifiable threshold anonymous counting tokens (tACT). Unlike recent approaches confined to centralized settings (Benhamouda et al., ASIACRYPT 2023), tACT operates in a distributed-trust environment. Accompanied by a formal security model and a provably secure instantiation, tACT introduces a novel dimension to token issuance, which, we believe, holds independent interest. Next, the paper leverages the proposed tACT scheme to construct an efficient Sybil-resistant SSI system. This system supports various functionalities, including threshold issuance, unlinkable multi-show selective disclosure, and non-interactive, non-transferable credentials. The proposed construction is backed by rigorous security definitions and proofs. In particular, we formalize the notion of strong unlinkability and prove our system secure under this model, addressing the privacy limitations of CanDID and ensuring robust privacy guarantees even in the presence of issuer-verifier collusion. Finally, our benchmark results show an efficiency improvement in our construction when compared to CanDID, all while accommodating a greater number of issuers and additionally reducing to a one-round protocol that can be run in parallel with all issuers.

Higher education is an essential context for studying teacher leadership. It is a dynamic field that creates a challenging continuously renewed work environment for teachers with multiple changing roles and targets, including cross-boundary teaching, development work, and leadership assignments. The objective of this theoretical review is to investigate the specific features of teacher leadership discussed in the higher education literature and, in doing so, generate a theoretical model. With reference to previous literature reviews focusing on teacher leadership in other contexts, this study presents a theoretical review of 77 peer-reviewed articles on the topic of teacher leadership solely in the higher education context. A key outcome of the review is the presentation of a new model of teacher leadership that incorporates possible manifestations of teacher leaders’ influence and reflects peculiarities of teacher leadership in the higher education context, such as discipline advocacy and quality stewardship as principles of leadership, and identity management as a contingency dimension in facilitating leadership practice. In guiding the future orientation of teacher leadership research in higher education, the study introduces the concept of polarity to discuss controversies within teacher leadership in higher education.

• Monte Carlo simulations capture uncertainty in EV fast-charging station demand. • Charging protocols are compared under realistic power and queuing constraints. • The optimized OPT-FDP protocol achieves shorter charging times. • Optimal station sizes: 200 kW (urban) and 900 kW (highway) The paper reports a comparative study on the performance of fast-charging protocols for electric vehicles (EVs), evaluated through a stochastic simulation framework, representing both urban and highway charging stations. Three charging protocols are modeled and compared: two derived from commercially available vehicles (Nio and Tesla Model 3) and one optimization-based protocol (OPT-FDP), developed by the Authors, that balances charging speed and battery degradation. The framework accounts for queue management and power-allocation strategies, and Monte Carlo simulations reproduce variability in daily traffic and initial state-of-charges for realistic operating conditions. Key performance indicators include total delivered energy, number of vehicles served, and median station time, representing both user −and operator- oriented perspectives. Two case studies have been developed. In urban contexts, station power capacity is the dominant variable affecting throughput, with 200 kW identified as the minimum rating to ensure user-perceived fast charging, keeping median station time below 30 min and serving approximately 100% of daily arrivals. In highway scenarios, power and sockets number jointly determine service rate, with 900 kW and 10 sockets identified as the ideal size for 200 EVs per day, delivering about 9000 kWh/day and serving approximately 99% of vehicles. Among the tested protocols, OPT-FDP consistently minimizes charging time, achieving median station times of approximately 15 min in properly sized highway configurations, compared to about 20–25 min for Tesla and Nio protocols, without compromising energy delivery. These findings provide quantitative insight into planning future high-power charging infrastructure, highlighting ideal station sizing and management strategies for large-scale EV adoption.

Customer Communication Capabilities - Global eCOM Platform is an essential internal utility that is meant to handle and provide real-time communication to customers on various digital channels. The platform will allow Card Members (CMs) to subscribe, maintain, and get personalized alerts on important account actions including payment due dates, payments received, e-statements available, fraud alerts, and spend tracking notifications. The platform is based on a technology stack of COBOL, JCL, DB2, CICS, MQ Series, and UNIX scripts, and it is cloud-ready and can be connected to cloud-based email and SMS gateways. The technology employed was to plan an ideal Alert Management Architecture that covered the alert registration, the delivery preferences and the notification workflow. Interfaces were designed to allow the seamless integration with other external messaging systems and online enrolment portals. The optimization of performance was oriented to the improvement of batch processing throughput and real-time alert delivery serving more than 20 million cardholders. Strong data processing encompassed validation, recording and traceability tools to support a good communication. The quantitative findings display a 30 percent decrease in customer notification delay by automated delivery and performance tuning. The reliability of the system greatly improved, which was manifested in a tangible reduction in the number of incidents in production, and customer interaction and satisfaction were also elevated through self-service in registering alerts and delivery options. The platform has also created a scalable architecture, which allowed it to extend to other digital communication channels without affecting performance. On the whole, the Global eCOM Platform demonstrates the ability to offer a high-performance and integrated solution to the problem of multi-channel customer communications, combining operational efficiency, scaling, and improved user experience, which will form the basis of digital transformation efforts in the management of communication across the enterprise in the future.

Mainstream models of sexual identity development tend to conceptualize coming out as a linear, stage-based process culminating in full disclosure and increased well-being. Yet, empirical research shows that outness is a dynamic, context-dependent process with implications for well-being. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify subgroups of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals based on levels of outness and associated psychosocial variables, including identity resilience, social support, discrimination, and internalized homonegativity. A cross-sectional survey of N = 295 LGB adults assessed outness, identity resilience, life satisfaction, and multiple minority stress indicators. The LPA identified three distinct profiles: (1) Discreetly Well-Adjusted (low outness, high wellbeing), (2) Out and Well-Adjusted (high outness, high wellbeing), and (3) Visibility-Stressed (moderate outness, low wellbeing). These findings challenge the view that concealment harms and disclosure benefits wellbeing, instead supporting models of coming out as a strategic, lifelong process shaped by intrapsychic and interpersonal resources like identity resilience and social support. Enhancing identity resilience and social support may buffer identity threats and optimize mental health, regardless of an individual’s degree of outness. Tailored, person-centered interventions that validate selective disclosure and strengthen protective factors may better support LGB individuals to navigate the complexities of identity management.

Abstract Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is widely used to strengthen account access, yet it does not by itself ensure rapid containment once authentication has succeeded. In modern authentication environments, especially enterprise and federated deployments, compromised access may persist across application sessions, identity provider sessions, access and refresh tokens, and remembered trust state. This fragmentation makes post-authentication containment a multi-layer problem rather than a single revocation event. This paper defines the post-authentication containment problem and presents a taxonomy of containment gaps and controls in MFA-protected systems. The taxonomy organizes incident classes and containment mechanisms across session, token, trust-state, and credential layers, and highlights where current controls remain partial, delayed, or dependent on product-specific integration. The paper further identifies user-driven deauthorization as an underdeveloped but potentially valuable containment capability. By clarifying this design space, the paper aims to inform future authentication architecture and support more systematic incident response. Keywords: Multi-factor authentication; post-authentication containment; session revocation; token revocation; federated identity; identity and access management; user-driven deauthorization; incident response

This paper reviews the impact of individual identification through family composition on societal and governance outcomes. Drawing on comprehensive literature and integrating insights from family systems theory, social identity theory, and social systems theory, the research provides a comparative analysis of prominent and historically important Family Composition Registration Systems (FCRSs) across eight countries. The study highlights the features of Pakistan's National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA)'s pioneering FCRS, including facilitating inheritance and succession, supporting social welfare programs, aiding disaster management, and strengthening law enforcement. Adopting a multilevel approach, the research situates FCRSs within broader societal frameworks, emphasizing both benefits and challenges. This paper contributes analytically to academic discourse, family history research, and policy discussions, offering recommendations to enhance citizen registration within family units. The findings have implications for social welfare, child protection, human rights, and crisis management, while informing the development of more inclusive FCRS and effective identity management systems worldwide.