Identical Theory Research Articles

Relationship between skill training and skill transfer through the example of bimanual motor learning.

Skill training aims to improve the performance of the task at hand and aims to transfer the acquired skill to related tasks. Both skill training and skill transfer are part of our everyday lives, and essential for survival, and their importance is reflected in years of research. Despite these enormous efforts, however, the complex relationship between skill training and skill transfer is not yet portrayed completely. Building upon two theories, we probed this relationship through the example of bimanual learning with a large cross-sectional design (N = 450) using an online framework. We designed five training tasks which differed in the variance of the training material (schema theory) and three transfer tasks differing in their similarity to the training task (identical elements theory). Theoretically, the five training tasks and the three transfer tasks varied approximately linearly from each other. Empirical data, however, suggested merely the presence of three statistically different training tasks and two significantly different transfer tasks, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Against our expectation, Bayesian statistics suggested that the type of skill training was not related to the type of skill transfer. However, the amount of skill training was positively related to the amount of skill transfer. Together, we showed that motor learning studies can be conducted online. Further, our results shed light on the complex relationship between skill training and skill transfer. Understanding this relationship has wide-ranging practical implications for the general population, particularly for musicians, athletes and patients recovering from injury.

The PDF4LHC21 combination of global PDF fits for the LHC Run III* *We dedicate this paper to the memory of James Stirling, Dick Roberts and Jon Pumplin, all of whom sadly died in the past few years. All three were instrumental in the development and evolution of PDF fitting, Jon for the CTEQ-TEA collaboration and James and Dick for the

A precise knowledge of the quark and gluon structure of the proton, encoded by the parton distribution functions (PDFs), is of paramount importance for the interpretation of high-energy processes at present and future lepton–hadron and hadron–hadron colliders. Motivated by recent progress in the PDF determinations carried out by the CT, MSHT, and NNPDF groups, we present an updated combination of global PDF fits: PDF4LHC21. It is based on the Monte Carlo combination of the CT18, MSHT20, and NNPDF3.1 sets followed by either its Hessian reduction or its replica compression. Extensive benchmark studies are carried out in order to disentangle the origin of the differences between the three global PDF sets. In particular, dedicated fits based on almost identical theory settings and input datasets are performed by the three groups, highlighting the role played by the respective fitting methodologies. We compare the new PDF4LHC21 combination with its predecessor, PDF4LHC15, demonstrating their good overall consistency and a modest reduction of PDF uncertainties for key LHC processes such as electroweak gauge boson production and Higgs boson production in gluon fusion. We study the phenomenological implications of PDF4LHC21 for a representative selection of inclusive, fiducial, and differential cross sections at the LHC. The PDF4LHC21 combination is made available via the LHAPDF library and provides a robust, user-friendly, and efficient method to estimate the PDF uncertainties associated to theoretical calculations for the upcoming Run III of the LHC and beyond.

Unsupervised Multi-Class Domain Adaptation: Theory, Algorithms, and Practice.

In this paper, we study the formalism of unsupervised multi-class domain adaptation (multi-class UDA), which underlies a few recent algorithms whose learning objectives are only motivated empirically. Multi-Class Scoring Disagreement (MCSD) divergence is presented by aggregating the absolute margin violations in multi-class classification, and this proposed MCSD is able to fully characterize the relations between any pair of multi-class scoring hypotheses. By using MCSD as a measure of domain distance, we develop a new domain adaptation bound for multi-class UDA; its data-dependent, probably approximately correct bound is also developed that naturally suggests adversarial learning objectives to align conditional feature distributions across source and target domains. Consequently, an algorithmic framework of Multi-class Domain-adversarial learning Networks (McDalNets) is developed, and its different instantiations via surrogate learning objectives either coincide with or resemble a few recently popular methods, thus (partially) underscoring their practical effectiveness. Based on our identical theory for multi-class UDA, we also introduce a new algorithm of Domain-Symmetric Networks (SymmNets), which is featured by a novel adversarial strategy of domain confusion and discrimination. SymmNets affords simple extensions that work equally well under the problem settings of either closed set, partial, or open set UDA. We conduct careful empirical studies to compare different algorithms of McDalNets and our newly introduced SymmNets. Experiments verify our theoretical analysis and show the efficacy of our proposed SymmNets. In addition, we have made our implementation code publicly available.

Twisted characters and holomorphic symmetries

We consider holomorphic twists of arbitrary supersymmetric theories in four dimensions. Working in the BV formalism, we rederive classical results characterizing the holomorphic twist of chiral and vector supermultiplets, computing the twist explicitly as a family over the space of nilpotent supercharges in minimal supersymmetry. The BV formalism allows one to work with or without auxiliary fields, according to preference; for chiral superfields, we show that the result of the twist is an identical BV theory, the holomorphic beta gamma system with superpotential, independent of whether or not auxiliary fields are included. We compute the character of local operators in this holomorphic theory, demonstrating agreement of the free local operators with the usual index of free fields. The local operators with superpotential are computed via a spectral sequence and are shown to agree with functions on a formal mapping space into the derived critical locus of the superpotential. We consider the holomorphic theory on various geometries, including Hopf manifolds and products of arbitrary pairs of Riemann surfaces, and offer some general remarks on dimensional reductions of holomorphic theories along the (n-1)-sphere to topological quantum mechanics. We also study an infinite-dimensional enhancement of the flavor symmetry in this example, to a recently studied central extension of the derived holomorphic functions with values in the original Lie algebra, that generalizes the familiar Kac–Moody enhancement in two-dimensional chiral theories.

Arab Keturunan di Indonesia; Tinjauan Sosio-Historis tentang Arab Keturunan dan Perannya dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Indonesia

The role of Arabic-Indonesian community in Islamic da 'wah in Indonesia is quite important. However, there are few studies of their role that have been conducted It is for this reason that the writer would like to observe the role and the existence of this community from the social-historical perspective. There are two theories in understanding their relationship with indigenous people. The first is identical theory which perceives that historically Islam is identical with Arab and therefore cannot be separated from Arabic people. The second theory is that the arrival and the development of Arabic community in Indonesia, on the perspective of anthropological history, is closely related to the history of conversion to Islam and the development of Islam in society. The writer tries to observe their social life and their active role in the development of Indonesian society.

Teorie kulturní mezery: sociální věda a její publikum v díle Thorsteina Veblena a Williama F. Ogburna

The article analyses the theories of cultural lag elaborated by Thorstein Veblen and William F. Ogburn. In particular, it pursues two motives: how the relation between social science and its audience had been implied in their respective approaches, and how the “lag” argument had been employed in their view of the “purpose” of social science. It is demonstrated here that the essentially identical theory had been transformed in their “argumentative strategies” and “styles of writing” to fit their distinctive (critical and instrumental) concepts of social science. Veblen’s key motif of “self-confrontation” of society is contrasted with Ogburn’s motif of “applicability” of knowledge with regard to reflections on literary technologies of science.

The declining price anomaly in sequential auctions of identical commodities with asymmetric bidders: empirical evidence from the Nephrops norvegicus market in France

AbstractThe declining price anomaly for sequential sales of identical commodities challenges auction theory which predicts constant prices within a day. Among other hypotheses explaining the phenomenon stands the dual value of goods including a risk premium in early transactions. We consider that asymmetric bidder groups (primary processors, fishmongers, supermarket buyers) and seasonal landings may also affect the daily price pattern. On the basis of stylized facts and several panel data models, this hypothesis is tested on a Redundant French fish market of homogenous goods (live Nephrops norvegicus) when the time effects (high and low seasons, weekday effect) affecting the demand and supply conditions are taken into consideration. All models support the evidence of a daily declining pattern, but not to the same extent for all days and seasons, and all categories of buyers. Our results also show an earlier and steeper decline on periods of lower supply (or higher demand), supporting the theoretical hypothesis of risk‐averse behaviors of bidders, especially fishmongers with respect to primary processors and supermarkets.

New dualities and misleading anomaly matchings from outer-automorphism twists

We study four-dimensional mathcal{N}=1, 2 superconformal theories in class mathcal{S} obtained by compactifying the 6d mathcal{N}=left(2, 0right) theory on a Riemann surface mathcal{C} with outer-automorphism twist lines. From the pair-of-pants decompositions of mathcal{C} , we find various dual descriptions for the same theory having distinct gauge groups. We show that the various configurations of the twist line give rise to dual descriptions for the identical theory. We compute the ’t Hooft anomaly coefficients and the superconformal indices to test dualities. Surprisingly, we find that the class mathcal{S} theories with twist lines wrapping 1-cycles of mathcal{C} have the identical ’t Hooft anomalies as the ones without the twist line, whereas the superconformal indices differ. This provides a large set of examples where the anomaly matching is insufficient to test dualities.

Expertise Facilitates the Transfer of Anticipation Skill across Domains

It is unclear whether perceptual-motor skill transfer is based upon similarity between the learning and transfer domains per identical elements theory, or facilitated by an understanding of underlying principles in accordance with general principle theory. Here, the predictions of identical elements theory, general principle theory, and aspects of a recently proposed model for the transfer of perceptual-motor skill with respect to expertise in the learning and transfer domains are examined. The capabilities of expert karate athletes, near-expert karate athletes, and novices to anticipate and respond to stimulus skills derived from taekwondo and Australian football were investigated in ecologically valid contexts using an in situ temporal occlusion paradigm and complex whole-body perceptual-motor skills. Results indicated that the karate experts and near-experts are as capable of using visual information to anticipate and guide motor skill responses as domain experts and near-experts in the taekwondo transfer domain, but only karate experts could perform like domain experts in the Australian football transfer domain. Findings suggest that transfer of anticipation skill is based upon expertise and an understanding of principles but may be supplemented by similarities that exist between the stimulus and response elements of the learning and transfer domains.

Self-consistentT-matrix theory of superconductivity

We remove a self-interaction from the Galitskii-Feynman T-matrix approximation. This correction has no effect in the normal state but makes the theory applicable to the superconducting state. It is shown that identical theory is obtained by removing nonphysical repeated collisions in the spirit of the Fadeev-Watson-Lovelace multiple scattering expansion. Our correction does not violate the two-particle symmetry of the T-matrix, therefore the present theory is conserving in the Baym-Kadanoff sense. The theory is developed for retarded interactions leading to the Eliashberg theory in the approximation of a single pairing channel.

Training Transfer Design Theories Revisited for Application to Virtual Environments

Training transfer, a dated issue, takes new perspective when considering designing a virtual environment (VE) best suited for application to the real-world. A review of three key design theories is provided. An outline follows of the basic components, limitations, and future directions for Identical Elements Theory, Principles Theory, and Near and Far Transfer Theory. Discussion surrounding theory applicability to a variety of fields including route mapping, medical, and pilot training encourages serious evaluation of the evidence supporting any one theory capable of accounting for all training transfer from VE systems and the probability of training capable of transferring for all fields.

Photoacoustic Calorimetry: An Undergraduate Physical-Organic Experiment

Photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) is a powerful tool for studying photophysical properties of and energetics of discrete chemical reactions. PAC can be thought of simply as listening to molecules as they decay from an energetically excited state. The laser technology employed is similar to that already used in many physical chemistry laboratories and is therefore easily implemented as a complementary exercise to existing laser experiments. Two projects illustrate PAC as applied to two different chemical systems while utilizing identical theory, equipment, and procedure. Numerous other chemical systems are also addressable by this state-of-the-art technology.

Advanced University Physics

Basic concepts of momentum, energy and angular momentum special relativity continuum limit of mechanics thermodynamics and their applications to continuum systems electromagnetism, Maxwell's wquations and the properties of electromagnetic waves concepts and techniques concerning waves electromagnetic waves and optical phenomena in anisotropic media macroscopic phenomena and the need for a microscopic description statistical mechanics and thermodynamics thermal radiation and wave particle duality postulates of quantum mechanics orbital angular momentum and one electron atoms Schrodinger picture the spinning electron in the matrix formalism multielectron atoms as systems of identical particles semi-classical theory of radiation systems of atoms and the crystal lattice the problems of solid state physics nuclear structure and dynamics.

ヒト前腕骨の形態と機能 : 単一の幾何学的概念(円錐面上の測地線)を用いて行った,生物の形態および機能設計

In human forearms, the radius and the ulna are geometrically regarded as a combination of two spirals arranged in parallel, which rotate in opposite directions. I assume that the optimal curves for these spirals are geodesic curves on a surface of a cone, expressed as a formula as follows: [numerical formula] [numerical formula] [numerical formula] γ: the shortest distance from the vertex of the cone to the geodesic curve. [numerical formula], where φ is the vertex angle in developed plane of the cone. When two geodesic curves exist on a corn, the curve which is obtained by proper prolongation or reduction of one curve proves to be homothetic to the other. And all geodesic curves on a corn are symmetrical when they are prolonged to the proper extent. It is interesting that this symmetric formula is a common characteristic of hard tissues of animals. Furthermore, it seems that these geodesic curves exist in several hard tissues of many animals, as well as in humans. When two geodesic curves rotate with rolling contact at one point and at a constant angle between tangent planes of two-geodesic curves, the distance between the vertexes of two cones is kept constant. Using this geometric concept of geodesic curves on the cone, I designed a model of forearm movement. In this model, the humeral capitulum and the mid-point of the axis of the humeral trochlea are regarded as the vertexes of two cones. The above-mentioned hypothesis proposed the novel concept that morphology and functions can be generalized under the identical geometric theory with the geodesic curves on the cone.

The influence of pipe geometry on the critical velocity of horizontal pneumatic conveying of coarse particles

With single-phase flow a circular pipe cross-section is optimal, since the ratio of wetted perimeter to cross-sectional area is minimal. Similar arguments also hold good in the case of fully suspended solid loaded flow. Under those circumstances, however, in which in horizontal pipes more or less separation of flow occurs, i.e. in the case of strand flow, one may ask whether pipe profiles other than circular could be more suited. For circular and semicircular pipes with identical cross-sectional areas, theory and experiments yield critical velocities in the semicircular pipe which are about 25% smaller.

Surface crosslinking of polyethylene using a hydrogen glow discharge

AbstractLinear high‐density polyethylene is crosslinked by exposing it to a hydrogen glow discharge and alternatively by exposing it to a low‐pressure Hg–A ultraviolet lamp in a dry nitrogen atmosphere. For the UV lamp case, the crosslinked gel is measured as a function of the radiation dose. For the plasma case, the crosslinked gel is measured as a function of the exposure time. The two gelation curves are alternatively compared to an exponentially attenuated light theory and a diffusion theory. Excellent agreement exists between the measured gel‐versus‐dose curve and the theoretical curve based on the light theory for a monochromatic light beam at 1849 Å. The gelation curve for the hydrogen glow discharge case can be explained using the identical theory but applied to a spectrum of light covering the range from 1200 Å to 1900 Å. The different curves can be explained in terms of the different spectra. Energy transfer between the plasma and the polymer due to excited atoms, and/or charged particles, is not required to account for the different gel curves.

Theory of biorbitals. Study of conjugated systems in their ground and excited electronic states

AbstractThe biorbital theory called also “identical geminals theory” is applied to the study of a number of conjugated molecules. All basic integrals are determined by means of the Pariser–Parr–Pople procedure. The biorbital theory reproduces about 40 per cent of the correlation energy of the ground state of the molecule; this number is raised to about 70 per cent for the lowest triplet state. The low lying excited states are well represented from the point of view of transition energy as well as from the point of view of symmetry. The occupation number matrix and the charge‐bond order matrix are defined and discussed. The overall chemical description of conjugated molecules produced by the biorbital theory is similar to that produced by other theories of electronic structure of molecules. It is concluded that the biorbital theory provides a description the quality of which is, roughly speaking, about half way between those provided by the SCF‐MO and complete CI theories, respectively.

A Logical Statement of Grammatical Theory: As Constained in Halliday's 'Categories of the Theory of Grammar'

1. Introductory. 'If we regard language activity, in its formal aspect, as the repeated selection of one from among a number of possible events-or, so as to formulate it more simply, of items from sets of items which are risk under certain conditions, the total selection situation (items and conditions) varies along a cline. At one end of the scale, there are a very large number of sets, in very complex interrelations, but with very few items in each: this is grammar. At the other end, there are few sets, in simple relations, but with large inventories of items making them up: this is lexis. There is no sharp line between them, though the extremes are clearly distinct. Since patterning of the first type lends itself to much greater abstraction, we can make the theory of grammar much more powerful than the theory of lexis. So the linguist tries to bring as much as possible of linguistic form into his grammatical statements-though there is a theory of lexis too, which has a part in the total description.'1 Thus, of the two demi-levels at the level of form, grammar can be supplied with a theory which is more compact and more intricately structured than any possible theory of lexis. And so a fully descriptive theory of grammar must be fairly complex. For this reason the methods and procedures of symbolic and other types of logic can be usefully employed in the statement of such a theory. In this way a statement can be made which is concise, complete and, most important, fully explicit. The nature of such a statement precludes any possible ambiguities which might be present in the reader's interpretation of a more discursive statement. This paper,2 then, presents a logical statement of the General Theory of Grammar which is described in M. A. K. Halliday's 'Categories of the theory of grammar', Word 17.241-92 (1961); sections 3 to 7 of that paper contain the nucleus of the theory and correspond to the present statement. Thus this statement is merely a rephrasing of the theory. Both Halliday's paper and the present one are concerned with the identical theory of grammar; it is only the methods of description which differ. The two statements will in fact complement each