Idea Of Synergy Research Articles

Integration of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Systems—Case Study Analysis of the Impact on a Selected Urban Network in Türkiye

Undoubtedly, the transition to electromobility with several million new, efficient charging points will have consequences for the energy industry, and in particular for network operators of the distribution infrastructure. At the same time, in the coming years the energy landscape will change into a system in which an increase in decentralized systems based on renewable energy sources will take over the leading function. This transformation process will further increase the complexity and overall pressure for change in energy systems over the next decade. In order to be able to ensure the energy supply and the reliable system operation of the grids in the future as well, communicative networking of generators, storage systems, electrical consumers and grid equipment is indispensable. This study aims to investigate the consequences of including electric vehicles in Istanbul’s power system using a unit commitment simulation model. The presented considerations analyze how uncertain and managed charging strategies affect the power system in terms of operating costs and renewable resources. The presented simulations indicate that, in economic terms, the use of a managed charging strategy saves 2.3%, reducing the total cost from USD 66.71 million to USD 65.18 million. The recipients of the presented research are both the demand and supply sides of the future energy transformation based on the idea of synergy of electromobility and renewable energy sources within the framework of the smart city idea.

Факторы, влияющие на обеспечение корпоративной безопасности компаний

Corporate security is a comprehensive system of measures designed to protect an organization's assets, data, employees, and reputation from potential threats. This article discusses various factors that can increase an organization's vulnerability to security threats. The independent and combined effects of internal controls, such as training programs and data protection protocols, as well as external threats such as cyber-attacks, physical intrusions and economic espionage, are being investigated. A key aspect of the analysis is the idea of synergy in the field of security. The article argues that a well-coordinated approach combining various security measures into a single whole creates a more effective protection strategy. The analysis of the interdependencies between the various controls highlights the importance of implementing a strategic threat management program that goes beyond individual solutions. By contributing to a comprehensive understanding of vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of synergistic security measures, the article aims to equip organizations with the knowledge and tools to develop and implement effective threat management programs that protect their critical assets and contribute to long-term success.

Risks, Challenges and Strategies of the Creation of China’s “City of Events”– A Case Study of Hangzhou

From 2007, when Jinjiang proposed to build “China’s first sports city”, to the successful hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, an increasing number of first-tier cities have regarded sports events as an important strategic layout for urban development. The construction of the “city of events” is proposed by the first-tier cities in China based on the national development strategy, serving the demands of the times for urban development, people’s livelihood and well-being, economic growth and window display. Based on literature, expert interviews and case studies, the article analyzes the current situation of Hangzhou as one of the first “city of events” in Zhejiang Province, existing predicaments and potential risks, strategies and paths for risk aversion, and the risks and challenges of Hangzhou in creating a “city of events”. The results show that there are risks such as lack of culture, imbalance of profit and loss, and lack of core strength in the creation of “city of events”, and it is necessary to focus on multi-dimensional efforts such as sports characteristic positioning, professional events and mass sports cultivation to realize the differential order development pattern of sports events integrating urban characteristics, and thus deduce the action logic of the creation of “city of events”. Diverse urban culture determines the difference in the development orientation of sports cities, and the idea of synergy, profit and loss balance, risk avoidance, and facing the future with a more positive outlook is the meaning and inevitable way of the creation of the domestic “city of events”.

Total variation combining nonlocal means filtration for image reconstruction in X-ray computed tomography.

Image reconstruction for realistic medical images under incomplete observation is still one of the core tasks for computed tomography (CT). However, the stair-case artifacts of Total variation (TV) based ones have restricted the usage of the reconstructed images. This work aims to propose and test an accurate and efficient algorithm to improve reconstruction quality under the idea of synergy between local and nonlocal regularizations. The total variation combining the nonlocal means filtration is proposed and the alternating direction method of multipliers is utilized to develop an efficient algorithm. The first order approximation of linear expansion at intermediate point is applied to overcome the computation of the huge CT system matrix. The proposed method improves root mean squared error by 25.6% compared to the recent block-matching sparsity regularization (BMSR) on simulation dataset of 19 views. The structure similarities of image of the new method is higher than 0.95, while that of BMSR is about 0.92. Moreover, on real rabbit dataset of 20 views, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the new method is 36.84, while using other methods PSNR are lower than 35.81. The proposed method shows advantages on noise suppression and detail preservations over the competing algorithms used in CT image reconstruction.

The Potential Synergy of Digital and Manipulative Artefacts

On the basis of the hypothesis that emerged from recent research studies, this article discusses the potential synergy between the combined use of both digital and manipulative artefacts. The discussion is supported by examples drawn from a collection of data gathered in the frame of two teaching experiments, carried out at different school levels, with the objective of constructing mathematical meanings of geometric transformations. The examples are analyzed through a specific lens aimed at identifying key elements supporting and refining the idea of synergy, with the aim of more precisely characterizing it.

Ecosystem services assessment tools for African Biosphere Reserves: A review and user-informed classification

While the concept of ecosystem services which links biodiversity to human wellbeing, is by now well-known, its translation into actual management decisions is still uneven. African Biosphere Reserves, which are to be living labs for sustainable development, embody the idea of synergies between people and nature. Gaining knowledge about the provision, the use and the trends of ecosystem services in these reserves is essential to ensure their global change-proof management. The diversity of rapidly evolving ecosystem services assessment tools requires a systematic and informed selection, in order to ensure that prospective tool users select the most adequate tool, aligned to their needs and context. Based on a Delphi survey of future tool users, and on a review of ecosystem services assessment tools, we propose guidance to users to select the most suited tool based on the context of African Biosphere Reserves, and on tool requirements regarding data input, necessary skills, outputs and types of ecosystem services addressed. The use of the Delphi survey and the focus on African Biosphere Reserves are new elements that contribute to the theory and practice of ecosystem services assessment.

Influence of human emotions on the perception of residential interior ecodesign

Influence of human emotions on the perception of residential interior ecodesign

Synergy between flow and light fields and its applications to the design of mixers in microalgal photobioreactors

BackgroundMixers are usually inserted into microalgal photobioreactors to generate vortices that can enhance light/dark cycles of algal cells and consequently enhance biomass productivity. However, existing mixer designs are usually developed using a trial-and-error approach that is largely based on the designer’s experience. This approach is not knowledge-based, and thus little or no understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mixer design for mixing performance of photobioreactors is attained. Moreover, a large pumping cost usually accompanies mixer introduction, and this cost is not favorable for practical applications. This study aims to improve this situation.ResultsIn addition to the individual effects of flow and light fields, improving the synergy (coordination) between these fields may markedly enhance the L/D cycle frequency with a lower increase in pumping costs. Thus, the idea of synergy between flow and light fields is introduced to mixer design. Better synergy can be obtained if (a) the vortex core and L/D boundary are closer to each other and (b) the vortex whose core is too far from the L/D boundary is removed. The synergy idea has two types of applications. First, it can facilitate a better understanding of known numerical and experimental results about mixer addition. Second, and more importantly, the idea can help to develop new rules for mixer design. A helical mixer design is provided as a case study to demonstrate the importance and feasibility of the synergy idea. An effective method, i.e., decreasing the radial height of the helical mixer from the inner side, was found, by which the L/D cycle frequency was enhanced by 10.8% while the pumping cost was reduced by 23.8%.ConclusionsThe synergy idea may be stated as follows: the enhancement of L/D cycle frequency depends not only on the flow and light fields individually but also on their synergy. This idea can be used to enhance our understanding of some known phenomena that emerge by mixer addition. The idea also provides useful rules to design and optimize a mixer for a higher L/D cycle frequency with a lower increase in pumping costs, and these rules will find widespread applications in PBR design.

Time Factory

Have you asked yourself how you will look over 15 years? At the Bosch factory in Jucu, we saw a time machine that can help you to travel for 15 years in the future. And the technologies used seem to have come from the reality of the next decades. This "time machine" is, in fact, part of Bosch's Engineering, Quality and Validation Laboratory (EQV). It's the test room, where the products are "aged" for 15 years to analyze how they can withstand the passage of time and the action of natural phenomena - storm, equatorial rain or frost. The EQV lab concept was created from the idea of synergy between R&D departments and production, a configuration that can provide a holistic view of Bosch products that are being analyzed from the initial development phase of the product until the product returns to the laboratory to investigate possible defects that occurred during their use. "We test the product's resistance to equatorial rain, for example. If it is an electronic component mounted on a machine that will go to South America and we know that there is very high humidity in that area, here we simulate the aging of samples in a more accelerated way, "explains Grasim Robert, head of the analysis group of the EQV lab. But they are not the only tests the products are subjected to. The water resistance of the samples is also done with a very strong 6 bar jet and the water has a force similar to that coming from a fire hose. Other tests check for resistance to different types of dust - for example, Arizona powder is more abrasive and worn plastic components, while ash-containing dust can lead to short-circuits - or saline mist, which activates corrosion mechanisms. In the climatic rooms, explains Grasim Robert, there are several parameters: Time, temperature and humidity. Depending on ISO standards and customer requirements, the test team varies these three physical parameters. There are tests that last for 10-12 months. In other words, a 15-year journey in the future still takes a few months, but taking into account the pace with which technology evolves, it is obvious that this duration is reduced.

Exploring synergy in ayurveda and traditional Indian systems of medicine

Abstract Synergy is a phenomenon of life. It has been observed that combinatory treatments may achieve more stable “network responses’’ than single drugs. Drug combination treatments are routinely applied in an increasing number of disciplines in medicine. Single drug treatments are less effective than drug combinations in complex treatment regimes. Plant derived herbal drugs or phytopharmaceuticals can be considered a natural “model” for combinatory treatments. Specific compositions of multi-component mixtures represent combined actions of single substances. Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India has played an important role in disease management and health for many centuries, their present frequent use is challenged by the necessity to determine their complex composition and their multitarget mode of action. Ancient Ayurvedic literature like Sarangadhar Samhita focuses on the idea of synergy or ‘samyoga’. Network pharmacology research focuses on excellent systems biology techniques like protein interaction, genomic expression and mRNA expression data, which are employed to gain insight into the mechanism of action (MoA) prediction and validation. The following brief review provides valuable perspective regarding the bridge of Ayurveda and synergy research using network pharmacology as the tool to understand the molecular combination mechanism.

Meningkatkan Peran Mobilisasi Sosial dalam Membentuk Sinergi antara Pemerintah dan Non-Govermental Organization (NGO) dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi di Daerah Tertinggal

Economic empowerment becomes an important aspect of economic development by summarizing social and economic values. This concept provides new activities for development, which are "social participation, productivity, empowering, and sustainable". The role of empowerment is also an effort to foster participation and independence to provide an impact on the individual, group, institutional and community level to have much better welfare. Governments and NGOs have an important role as stakeholders in enhancing empowerment, especially for the poor and disadvantaged areas. To support the potential and equity of empowerment, it needs an inherent form between institutions and NGOs in the program. In writing this paper will provide an overview of the empowerment program initiated by NGOs or government and provide the idea of synergy between institutions to maximize the expected output. The purpose of writing this paper is to be able to see the potential and development of economic empowerment implemented by institutions and NGOs, and provide strategies to establish synergies between institutions and government institutions.

Abundant Degrees of Freedom Are Not a Problem

The problem of motor redundancy has been one of the fundamental, albeit elusive, problems in motor control. Traditionally, it has been viewed as a computational problem for the brain, solved with either optimization methods or by introducing additional constraints to motor tasks. This review suggests that the problem was wrongly formulated, and that the abundant degrees of freedom are not to be eliminated but used to ensure dynamic stability of motor performance, which is vital given the unpredictable intrinsic states and external forces. The idea of synergies as mechanisms ensuring action stability is introduced based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis and the theory of control with spatial referent coordinates. The importance of controlled stability is illustrated with the phenomena of anticipatory synergy adjustments. This approach is productive for both basic and applied fields as illustrated, in particular, by changes in motor synergies with neurological disorder and exercise.

Synergistic effects in threshold models on networks.

Network structure can have a significant impact on the propagation of diseases, memes, and information on social networks. Different types of spreading processes (and other dynamical processes) are affected by network architecture in different ways, and it is important to develop tractable models of spreading processes on networks to explore such issues. In this paper, we incorporate the idea of synergy into a two-state ("active" or "passive") threshold model of social influence on networks. Our model's update rule is deterministic, and the influence of each meme-carrying (i.e., active) neighbor can-depending on a parameter-either be enhanced or inhibited by an amount that depends on the number of active neighbors of a node. Such a synergistic system models social behavior in which the willingness to adopt either accelerates or saturates in a way that depends on the number of neighbors who have adopted that behavior. We illustrate that our model's synergy parameter has a crucial effect on system dynamics, as it determines whether degree-k nodes are possible or impossible to activate. We simulate synergistic meme spreading on both random-graph models and networks constructed from empirical data. Using a heterogeneous mean-field approximation, which we derive under the assumption that a network is locally tree-like, we are able to determine which synergy-parameter values allow degree-k nodes to be activated for many networks and for a broad family of synergistic models.

An Introduction to Terminology and Methodology of Chemical Synergy-Perspectives from Across Disciplines.

The idea of synergistic interactions between drugs and chemicals has been an important issue in the biomedical world for over a century. As complex diseases, especially cancer, are being treated with various drug cocktails, understanding the interactions among these drugs is increasingly vital to ensuring successful treatment regimens. However, the idea of synergy is not limited to only the biomedical realm and these ideas have developed across many different disciplines, as well. In this review, we first discuss the various terminology surrounding the idea of synergy, providing a comprehensive list of terms defined across numerous disciplines. We then review the most common methodology for detection and quantification of synergy, including the two most prominent reference models for describing additive interactions: Loewe Additivity and Bliss Independence. We also discuss advantages and limitations to each method, with a focus on the Chou-Talalay Combination Index method. Finally, we describe how methods development and terminology have developed among disciplines outside of biomedicine and pharmacology, to synthesize the literature for readers.

A Novel Procedure for Measuring Semantic Synergy

One interesting characteristic of some complex systems is the formation of macro level constructions perceived as having features that cannot be reduced to their micro level constituents. This characteristic is considered to be the expression of synergy where the joint action of the constituents produces unique features that are irreducible to the constituents isolated behavior or their simple composition. The synergy, characterizing complex systems, has been well acknowledged but difficult to conceptualize and quantify in the context of computing the emerging meaning of various linguistic and conceptual constructs. In this paper, we propose a novel measure/procedure for quantifying semantic synergy. This measure draws on a general idea of synergy as has been proposed in biology. We validate this measure by providing evidence for its ability to predict the semantic transparency of linguistic compounds (Experiment1) and the abstractness rating of nouns (Experiment2).

Changing the practice: The synergy of the coalition

Three years ago, three disability services providers connected with a simple idea — let's share what we know and in exchange learn from our peers as part of a formal network. This group has been infinitely more powerful than the sum of the individuals in it. Individually we are singular providers restricted to the autonomy and authority prescribed by our institutions, but together — as part of the coalition — we create a superior reservoir of education and grow our resources exponentially through the listserv, articles, books, research, and networking during the symposium. The Coalition for Disability Access in Health Science and Medical Education was formed — and thrives — under this idea of synergy.

Empirical insights on the nature of synergies among HRM policies - An analysis of an ethics-oriented HRM system

In the last years, several HRM scholars have theoretically support the idea that the policies bundled in an HRM system present synergistic effects. Surprisingly, empirical studies about those synergistic effects are scarce, and their results unstable. As a result, some critical voices in the HR field are questioning the idea of synergies among HR policies, and calling for more research which does not take them for granted. Addressing this gap, this study tests the existence and nature of synergies in HRM systems targeted at improving the employees' perception of benevolent and principled ethical climates. Results from a probabilistic sample of 6000 employees from 6 European countries highlight that synergies occur both for benevolent and principled ethical climates, even if the specific components of the HRM system presenting synergistic effects are different in the two cases. Implications of the findings for HRM practice are presented and discussed.

Searching for synergy in silico, in vitro and in vivo

In this paper, I examine the role of the idea of synergy in life science research using examples in the fields of pharmacology/toxicology, molecular genetics and development, biochemistry, ecology and metabolic engineering. The research shows that synergy exhibits scale invariance. Small molecules act synergistically in the activation of single receptor molecules. Proteins function synergistically in development, metabolism and signaling. Synergy was found in the interaction between communities of organisms. Synergy manifests itself quantitatively or qualitatively: synergistic effects can be smaller or larger or they can be entirely different from what was expected. There is no single mathematical model that can be used uniformly to detect and quantify synergy. Synergy provides benefits for human health, wellbeing and economy. Synergy has explanatory and heuristic value in our quest to understand the function of and in designing complex biological systems.

Dopaminergic modulation of motor coordinaton in Parkinson's disease

BackgroundWe applied the idea of synergies and the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis to explore the effects of dopamine replacement therapy on finger interaction and coordination in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). MethodsEight patients performed single-finger and multi-finger force production tasks with both the dominant and non-dominant hand before (off-drug) and after (on-drug) taking their dopaminergic medications. Synergy indices were defined as co-varied adjustments of commands to fingers that stabilized the total force produced by the hand. ResultsPD patients showed significantly lower maximal finger forces off-drug compared to the on-drug condition, while indices of finger individuation (enslaving) were unchanged. The synergy indices were weaker during steady-state force production off-drug compared to on-drug. Anticipatory adjustments of synergies prior to the quick force pulse initiation were delayed and reduced off-drug as compared to the on-drug condition. These drug effects were observed in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic hands of the patients whose symptoms were limited to one side of the body. ConclusionsThe study demonstrates dopaminergic modulation of motor coordination in PD and supports that the analysis of different components of multi-finger synergies offers a set of indices sensitive to the effects of dopamine replacement therapy in early-stage PD. The results suggest an important role of the basal ganglia in synergy formation and in feed-forward synergy adjustments. Future studies using these methods may yield more objective, quantitative biomarker(s) of motor coordination impairments in PD, and better understanding of subcortical involvement in the neural control of natural actions.

Mapping Synergies From Human to Robotic Hands With Dissimilar Kinematics: An Approach in the Object Domain

One of the major limitations to the use of advanced robotic hands in industries is the complexity of the control system design due to the large number of motors needed to actuate their degrees of freedom. It is our belief that the development of a unified control framework for robotic hands will allow us to extend the use of these devices in many areas. Borrowing the terminology from software engineering, there is a need for middleware solutions to control the robotic hands independently from their specific kinematics and focus only on the manipulation tasks. To simplify and generalize the control of robotic hands, we take inspiration from studies in neuroscience concerning the sensorimotor organization of the human hand. These studies demonstrated that, notwithstanding the complexity of the hand, a few variables are able to account for most of the variance in the patterns of configurations and movements. The reduced set of parameters that humans effectively use to control their hands, which are known in the literature as synergies, can represent the set of words for the unified control language of robotic hands, provided that we solve the problem of mapping human hand synergies to actions of the robotic hands. In this study, we propose a mapping designed in the manipulated object domain in order to ensure a high level of generality with respect to the many dissimilar kinematics of robotic hands. The role of the object is played by a virtual sphere, whose radius and center position change dynamically, and the role of the human hand is played by a hand model referred to as “paradigmatic hand,” which is able to capture the idea of synergies in human hands.