Abstract This article investigates the intersection between the medical condition of lovesickness and the social phenomenon of rape. While rape in medieval culture has been studied through the disciplinary lens of gender studies, theology, sociology, and legal theory, the influence of medical epistemology on these reprehensible acts of violence has been overlooked. The advent of the branch of knowledge known as medical humanities allows us to fill in this gap by looking into the clinical treatises that circulated widely in medieval Europe and served as curricula in medieval universities. This article argues that because intercourse with the beloved was recommended as therapy for lovesickness in the medical texts on the disease, such texts did more than inform physicians and natural philosophers about the causes, effects, and treatments for this dangerous condition, but helped normalize the hypersexuality of melancholic, lovesick men and, in so doing, provided hermeneutic tools for defending and justifying sexual aggressions. Under these circumstances, women’s bodies were perceived and treated as mere medicinal objects for healing men’s sickness and saving men’s lives.

Love Magic and Control in Premodern Iberian Literature, written by Verónica Menaldi

Introduction: Catalan Literature and Iberian Literatures: Cultural Exchanges and Mutual Influences

This paper studies the production of 29 Galician publishing houses born after 2003, focusing on their Galician translations from Basque, Catalan, Portuguese and Spanish. Using the Projeto Livro Galego database, empirical data about these publications (publication year, source language and literary genre) is discussed, in order to provide insight into these publishers’ strategies. The criteria with which these publishers are selected are put to test, and the discussion shows a concentration of Iberian imports around a reduced group of agents. Also, the referential role each Iberian culture plays towards Galician culture in the dataset is analysed. A separate examination of children’s and young adults’ literature versus adult literature shows that more de-territorialized, industrial practices apply to the former, while a wide scope of motivations (which are described in detail) on a significantly lower scale apply to the latter.

Presentation of Translation, Publishing and Circulation in Contemporary Iberian Literatures dossier.

Writing and Translating within Iberian Literatures

This article addresses a little-known episode in the surrealist movement: the adventurous (if not hindered) integration of surrealism into Iberian literature and art, particularly J.V. Foix’s intervention through critical (in La Publicitat ) and poetical writing ( Gertrudis , 1927, and KRTU , 1932), and his collaboration with Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró. Foix accomplished the dynamic process of transforming and reconfiguring the meaning and function of surrealist aesthetics in Catalonia in a complex network and context. Reading Foix not only as a philological issue, but also against an international background, and from the fragmentary writing perspective, will enrich traditional approaches and provide an insight into Catalan surrealism.

Jonathan William Wade. <i>Being Portuguese in Spanish: Reimagining Early Modern Iberian Literature, 1580–1640</i>

Love Magic and Control in Premodern Iberian Literature by Veronica Menaldi (review)

In medieval Iberian literature, movement and travel are linked to various forms of power, including social mobility and self-determination, but women’s access to travel is severely restricted. This is reflected in Juan Manuel’s works, but his literary depictions of women and movement vary across genres. The exemplary El conde Lucanor follows a strict gender paradigm in which mobile women are punished, while the historical Libro de las tres razones shows how women use travel and movement to obtain power. This article illustrates how Juan Manuel's experiments with historiography break with gender paradigms to generate new models of exemplary medieval women.

Abstract: In this thought piece I reflect on the essay I wrote in 2001 about using literature in a history of sexuality. There, over 20 years ago, I proposed that we have always been queer. The thought piece now explores the continued relevance of this proposal, along with the virtues of more contemporary trans theories. Queer and trans theories help us to articulate the significance of diverse examples of sex and gender that we encounter in Iberian literatures, especially when these examples are nonconforming and contradict the nonmodern binaries and norms that are often proposed by historians. The thought piece urges us to challenge the supposed realities of norms and binaries in light of these myriad examples, especially if we consider shifts in ourselves as reading subjects, and hence in our readings and interpretations of medieval Iberian texts.

This study examines amulets and talismans in medieval and early modern Iberia. I argue that the terms amulet and talisman can be used to examine how, on the one hand, some Iberian magic texts are considered magic or magical based on a belief that the objects themselves have intentions, and on the other, that magic texts possess a magic effect as a result of the intentions that a human user attributes to them. While a provisional distinction between amulets and talismans can be made using the criterion of intention, this study ultimately argues that intention is simply a means by which we might understand the complexity of the functioning of magic texts and objects, rather than a means to classify them in any sort of definitive way. To examine function in the realm of magic texts, I examine three motifs of intention, illustrating each one with examples from Christian and Islamic Iberian contexts: the acquisition and uses of knowledge; reading and other forms of communication; and metonymy and interpretation. I draw on magic texts depicted in medieval Iberian literature, magic compilations confiscated by the Spanish Inquisition that contained magic and could themselves be used as amulets, and Morisco recipes that aim to cure a variety of ailments and to solve problems.

From the Editor Michelle M. Hamilton This volume of La corónica features six articles that explore the legacy of non-monotheistic religions in medieval Iberian literature, aspects of Alfonsine cultural production, Orientalizing and Antisemitic discourses in fifteenth-century texts and the uses they were put to. In addition, we have a remembrance of our colleague, Charles F. Fraker, Jr., as well as a forum on Heather Bamford's monograph Cultures of the Fragment: Uses of the Iberian Manuscript, 1100-1600), winner of the 2020 La corónica Book Award. As we continue working in the shadow of the pandemic, I again wish to thank my fellow editors, Isidro Rivera, Christina Ivers, Montserrat Piera and David Arbesú, and the reviewers, who have taken the time to offer advice and to make known the work of their colleagues. I would also like to thank the authors whose original research can be found in the pages of this volume. Because publication has been delayed by the pandemic, I have already included updates about the various panels, roundtables and events sponsored and organized by La corónica at conferences such as the 56th International Medieval Congress at Kalamazoo, the Kentucky Foreign Language Conference and MLA in volume 49.1. We had to cancel the social event we scheduled for MLA because of the Omicron outbreak. We do plan on hosting an in person social event next year (MLA 2023) in San Francisco, provided it is safe to do so. The journal has also organized two panels for the 2022 Kentucky Foreign Language Conference (April 21st-23rd) and two panels at this year's 57th International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo. The latter two panels will be on the topic of "Negotiating Religion, Gender, and Travel in the Medieval Mediterranean." In addition, the La corónica 2021 International Book Award roundtable on Sol Miguel Prendes's Narrating Desire: Moral Consolation and Sentimental Fiction in Fifteenth-Century Spain, will feature Emily Francomano, Óscar Martín, Ana Montero, Sanda Munjic, and Rachel Scott. You will find a review of Narrating Desire among this volume's book reviews. This year we will also be announcing the John K. Walsh Award and the Nancy F. Marino award winners at Kalamazoo. [End Page 1] If you are a junior scholar and will be presenting at this year's 57th International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, please submit your paper for consideration for the Nancy F. Marino prize for Best Essay in Hispanomedieval Studies delivered at Kalamazoo: (https://forms.gle/7LxS8R79d8vGFAck9). If you know a junior scholar presenting at this year's 57th International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, please encourage them to apply for the Nancy F. Marino prize. If you missed last year's roundtable on Bamford's monograph Cultures of the Fragment, you will find in this volume reflections by three of the participants on how in this study Bamford explores not only fragmentary works, but also how our critical practices can also be fragmentary or incomplete. This volume opens with a remembrance of Charles F. Fraker, Jr., professor at the University of Michigan and mentor to several of our colleagues. The first article in this volume, Óscar Gómez López's "'Soplará el odrero …': profecía, difamación y lenguaje subversivo en la revuelta toledana de 1449" offers us a detailed and thought-provoking study on the role of popular insults, epithets, and prophecies in the anti-converso uprising of 1449 in Toledo. Gómez López shows how the popular toxic discourses that gave rise to these insults became common in the written attacks on conversos and Jews in Spanish literary, political, historical and legal texts of the fifteenth century. Alex A. J. Thomas, in "Carnival at Court," also examines how insults and epithets were used and repeated in a series of texts. He looks at those aimed at a single individual, Maria Balteria, at the court of Alfonso X, and which were included in the Galician-Portuguese cantigas d'escarnhio. Thomas argues that these poems were part of a courtly performance that most likely included gestures and acting. The Alfonsine court is also the focus of Jaime Hernández Vargas...

Relics and Fragments Ryan Giles It was an honor to participate in the session on Heather Bamford's splendid new monograph, and to celebrate her much-deserved La corónica Book Award this year. I only wish we could have toasted her achievement in person, en carne y hueso, and in Kalamazoo! Rereading her innovative research for this occasion brought to mind a stock metaphor that has had such a powerful hold on modern philology, and that—for those of us who specialize in pre-modern Iberian literatures and cultures—is closely identified with Ramón Menéndez Pidal's Reliquias de la poesía épica española. Started during the 1930s, this scholarly tour de force went on to become a foundational study for our discipline. The eminent philologist's book uncovered a body of literary relics, as Bamford points out, in what was a "celebration of all extant pieces and a reconstruction of others," using the idea of the fragment as a description of "the state of some of [End Page 13] the texts that are actually extant, but also … as the central piece of his methodology" (21). And, as Catherine Brown observed in an important La corónica article, the history of our field during the twentieth century was marked by a sorting through and what she called "mourning" of the "relics of Menéndez Pidal" (15). According to the Real Academia Española, the word reliquia is first-and-foremost meant to signify wholeness through the presence of surviving residue: part of a holy body detached from and evoking the whole, or what has come into contact with this body. By extension, it can also mean other vestiges of things from the past, any person or thing that is conspicuously old, sentimentalized—and finally the continuation of aches and pains that resulted from some past ailment or injury. Certainly the task of reconstructing wholeness on the basis of philologically reassembled fragments involved making contact with the secular holiness of national treasures, with an imagined, hallowed past that is longed for, a sentimental nostalgia for ancient origins that might still resonate in the present. E. Michael Gerli discussed this process of "Inventing of the Spanish Middle Ages" in another influential La corónica article (111). Definitely, philology has been used—some would say exploited—to put us in touch with pieces of the textual past whose ghostly lack of wholeness, like the remnants of martyred saints and the pained history of nations, can come back to haunt devotees of both. Most earlier work done on the fragmentary nature of texts that Bamford selects as emblematic examples in her book has, at the very least, paid some homage to this cult of relics and its hermeneutics of wholeness—from canonical texts like the Poema de mío Cid and Amadís de Gaula to those that have received less attention, such as the writings of Moriscos and apotropaic, religious inscriptions left in building materials. Bamford's book offers a rigorous and carefully researched antidote to many of the assumptions that have informed this legacy. To be sure, her work builds on and innovates the work of earlier scholars who constructively sought to reconsider and avoid pitfalls inherent in the Pidalian, philological cult of relics. John Dagenais immediately comes to mind, having first demonstrated in such an accessible way the benefits of [End Page 14] breaking away from this mold in his groundbreaking study of the manuscript culture of the Libro de buen amor (a title popularized by Menéndez Pidal), showing this poem's fragmented and damaged texts to be irreparably unwhole (not to mention, unholy), a residue of lost and variant performances. Bamford goes further, not just in her focus on and theorization of the intentional fragment as such, but, just as strikingly, through the breadth of her analysis. I admire her ability to bring together clear and convincing insights from an expansive array of texts that have most often been divided and separated chronologically and on the basis of traditional genres and specialties: epic, romance, jarchas, Jewish and Morisco writing. Like Dagenais's classic book, Bamford's work can not only have a lasting impact on...

Fossils in Iberian prehistory: A review of the palaeozoological evidence

The Cold War era touched Spain only subtly. Because of the geopolitical situation of Europe during the second half of the 20th century, Spain remained almost isolated from macro politics, attempting impossible alliances with Italian and German fascism. For instance, whilst the rest of the world witnesses the beginning of the Cold War in 1947 and the Space Race, Spain’s history is marked by the death of a “matador”, Manuel Laureano Rodriguez “Manolete”, who copes the newspapers’ front pages for days and is followed by popular grief and controversy. Four decades before, Miguel de Unamuno already coins this ancestral voice of the Spaniard consciousness as “casticismo” and “intrahistoria”. However, in literary terms, Iberian literature showed clear signs of modernity, and sometimes, even of hybridity. The Iron Curtain did not cover the shame of a dictatorship regime in Spain, and yet, authors like Baroja describe that atmosphere at a great extent, even, as this paper wants to show, anticipates the Cold War psycho-social atmosphere. Authors like Levinas, on the other hand, provide a philosophical and theoretical frame to understand better both the Cold War period and the literary experimentation of Iberian authors towards the concept of the Other. In this piece, I discuss the proximity of the notion of the Other in Levinas and Baroja, and contrast this approach with the canonical vision of Baroja in Iberian literature.

ABSTRACT This paper examines glassmaking in medieval Iberia from the point of view of technical literature, especially recipe books and alchemical treatises, in an attempt to assess to what extent this literary genre (if it is to be defined as such) may have affected, or have been affected by, technological developments in glassmaking between the eighth and sixteenth centuries. Iberian technical literature on the making of glass is put in connection with broader European and Mediterranean trends in the transmission of technical knowledge, the nature of scribal culture and the impact caused by the dissemination of the printing press. Ultimately, the paper aims to review the relationship that exists between the authors of technical literature and contemporary workshop practice, not only taking the written word as evidence, but also using the understanding provided by other fields of research, such as the study of the chemical characterization of medieval glass.

Reviewed by: Being Portuguese in Spanish: Reimagining Early Modern Iberian Literature, 1580–1640 by Jonathan William Wade Mary-Anne Vetterling Wade, Jonathan William. Being Portuguese in Spanish: Reimagining Early Modern Iberian Literature, 1580–1640. Purdue UP, 2020. Pp. 234. ISBN: 978-1-55753-883-3. Although nowadays it is fairly common for foreign-born writers to publish in English, it is surprising to find out that something similar was happening with Spanish, almost 400 years ago. Being Portuguese in Spanish: Reimagining Early Modern Iberian Literature, 1580–1640 provides insights into why many Portuguese authors wrote in Spanish during the years when Portugal was part of the Spanish Empire. This topic has been overlooked for many years for a variety of reasons and Professor Wade has convincingly re-examined these excellent but forgotten works by Luso-born authors. In order to make his case, Wade has delved into the Portugalidade (Portuguese nationalism) of these authors, especially through their writings in Spanish, with a view to demonstrating how they appreciated and honored their native culture. In chapter 1 we are introduced to the concepts of "Nation," and "Portugalidade." Wade reminds us of Portugal's extensive overseas expansion, which demanded a knowledge of many languages. He also refers to several myths and tales about the origin of Portugal or Lusitânia and briefly comments on the frequency of polyglot literature from the peninsula. He also writes about saudade, a concept addressed by many of the authors discussed in his book. The following chapter focuses on Gil Vicente, Luís de Camões and António Ferreira and how their writings reflect a pro-Portuguese attitude even before the country was absorbed into the Spanish Empire. While Vicente and Camões wrote in both Spanish and Portuguese, Ferreira, in turn, insisted strictly on writing in his native Portuguese; because of this, his writings did not achieve broad recognition. Wade makes the very interesting point that all three of King Manuel's (1469–1521) successive wives heralded from Spain, and that authors such as Vicente and Camões wrote in Spanish to please them and obtain their patronage. Wade finds that, in general (though not always), Castile is painted in a negative light (to exalt Portugal). He offers a telling example from Vicente's Templo d'Apolo (1521) in which the vilão informs the (Spanish-speaking) Apolo that God in fact is Portuguese. Next, the glorification of Portugal in Vicente's famous works Fama (1515) and Lusitânia (1532) is analyzed in depth, and is followed by a section where Wade turns his attention to Portugal's most renowned work—Os Lusíadas (1572) and its author Camões. He shows how this epic poem, with its fictionalized myth of the origins of Portugal, was able to give the Portuguese a sense of nationhood and inspire and influence subsequent works of literature. Manuel de Faria e Sousa, who wrote in Spanish and lived in Spain, is the subject of the third and lengthiest chapter. Wade first gives us an overview of his life and writings and their reception over the centuries. He then proceeds with an analysis of Faria e Sousa as a literary critic, as seen principally through his monumental labor of literary scholarship in his Spanish edition of Camões's Lusíadas (1639). Wade points out that although most of the Luso-Spaniard's writings are in Castilian, he frequently demonstrates his loyalty to Portugal, especially when writing about the founding, the language, and the courage of the Portuguese explorers, and of course, about Camões. The remainder of the chapter focuses on Faria e Sousa's historical [End Page 632] writings, especially his Epítome de las historias portuguesas (1628). Until fairly recently, this writer was misunderstood by critics and Wade's analysis of his work places him appropriately in the category of "Iberian" writer. The next chapter focuses on the Portuguese genre of Comedia that was inspired by and created alongside the seventeenth-century Castilian Comedia of Lope, Tirso, and Calderón. Portuguese sources (such as Faria e Sousa's Epítome) were utilized for Tirso's Las quinas de Portugal and Calderón's El príncipe constante...

From the Editor Michelle M. Hamilton This is our first volume produced during the pandemic. While the final stages of 48.1 were completed during the first intense weeks of the pandemic, this volume features work that the authors produced and revised in the midst of the pandemic. I am grateful not only to the authors, but also to the editorial team who has been diligent and always available, even as they (and all of us) have been in countless Zoom meetings about financial and other administrative crisis at our institutions, listening to updates and plans for how our colleges or universities, or our own children’s schooling attempt to confront the challenges of the virus, or attending crash courses on how to teach online (and if you haven’t, check out the articles by some of our colleagues detailing useful tips and lesson plans on teaching medieval Iberian literature on line, put together by Christi Ivers on La corónica Commons). The summer was hectic, stressful and busy, and I have to say the fall semester has kicked off in a chaotic and unsettling way. But amidst the stressful training, planning and, at least in my case, worrying, there were some bright sides. The inability to travel led many in our field/s to use the new (or at least new to many of us) tools for online collaboration to create virtual scholarly events and communities. I heard some excellent papers and conversations on medieval Iberian topics, including the notions of race and of how scholars of premodern and early modern Iberia have (or have not) dealt with it, Morisco literature and culture, at the virtual Medieval Academy panel on “Multilingualism, Multiculturalism, Multiconfessionalism in the Medieval Mediterranean” and at the Canceled Papers virtual conference at the University of Kansas, as well as several panels on Mediterranean history and culture at other digital events hosted by various universities across the globe. I have also been present in several graduate defenses with a host of scholars from around the world. Such activities show that, while we may not be able to travel phsyically, many colleagues are choosing to support and engage in new ways. I think that La corónica can continue to offer its support and help connect the scholarly community of specialists who work in and who are interested in premodern Iberia in this changing landscape. Two important contributions in the effort to strengthen our scholarly community that you will find in this volume are: 1. the forum on the [End Page 1] 2019 La corónica book award winner, S. J. Pearce’s The Andalusí Literary Intellectual Tradition: The Role of Arabic in Judah ibn Tibbon’s Ethical Will. This forum is a new feature designed to stimulate scholarly dialogues not only about new scholarship, but about new ways of thinking about the field/s in which we work; and 2. the call for the next Nancy F. Marino Prize for best paper at the Medieval Congress at Kalamazoo. This year’s winner was Rebecca de Souza (author of the article, “The Critique of Toxic, Noble Masculinity in Los siete Infantes de Lara,” in this volume). Please join us in honoring her at this year’s (virtual) social hour at the MLA, scheduled for Friday 8 January 2021 7:15–8:30pm EST (once we have the details we will post them on La corónica Commons and through MLA). In addition to the social hour, we also have two panels at MLA in January: “Isidore of Seville and the Persistence of Classical Antiquity,” cosponsored with LLC Medieval Iberian and Old English and chaired by Isidro J. Rivera; and a special session on “Race and Its Historiography in Medieval Iberian Studies,” organized by La corónica, cosponsored by LLC Medieval Iberian, and chaired by Isidro J. Rivera. Both panels have been chosen for inclusion in the sessions on the presidential theme “Persistence.” We are pleased to finally bring to you the present volume of the journal, which includes the excellent peer-reviewed articles and book reviews we regularly feature. In addition, the current volume of La corónica includes a new section dedicated to the La corónica...

Beyond Sight: Engaging the Senses in Iberian Literatures and Cultures, 1200–1750