Hydroperoxide Levels Research Articles

Metabolic Response of Laboratory Rats to Extreme Hyperthermia

The dynamics of basic parameters of metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the blood serum of rats was studied during the formation of a state of hyperthermia (exposure to air at a temperature of +40 °C for 60 min). It was found that the albumin/globulin ratio, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood electrolytes, as well as the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase under short-term heat exposure did not have statistically significant differences from the values in the state of normothermia. The level of lipid hydroperoxides and reduced glutathione changes significantly already during the mobilization phase of thermoregulatory mechanisms. The dynamics of these indicators are stable, which allows these indicators to be correlated with hyperthermia itself.

Mitigating aluminum chloride-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster with peptide fractions from Euphorbia species

This study assessed the antioxidative and protective effects of peptide extracts from selected Euphorbia species on Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Euphorbia humifusa (EHU), Euphorbia hirta (EHI), and Euphorbia graminae (EHG) were screened for bioactive peptides. The crude peptide extract and partially purified peptide fractions of all the plants were subjected to preliminary antioxidants activities through 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhyhdrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities. The most active peptide fraction was subjected to biochemical studies using Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were treated with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg diet), peptide fraction (5 and 10 mg/kg diet), and cotreatment of AlCl3 and the fraction, respectively. After treatment, flies were homogenized for the determination of total thiol and Glutathione (non-protein thiol) content, catalase and Glutathione-S-transferase activities, and nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) and hydroperoxide levels. The antioxidant screening revealed that the peptide fraction from Euphorbia humifusa (PEHU) was the most significant compared to the control (ascorbic acid). The PEHU (5 and 10 mg/kg diet) maintained the redox status of the flies in the biochemical study. The PEHU significantly counteracted AlCl3-induced reduction in antioxidants (catalase, GST, GSH and Total thiol), increased nitric oxide levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity and prevented behavioral deficits flies. Hence, the peptide fraction of Euphorbia humifusa may shield against the life-threatening effects of free radicals associated with aluminum chloride toxicity.

Features of prooxidant/antioxidant balance disorders in patients with diabetic nephropathy — carriers of different genotypes of G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene

Objective — to determinate the state of prooxidant‑antioxidant balance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy — carriers of different genotypes of G894T (rs 1799983) polymorphism of eNOS gene. Materials and methods. 126 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) were examined. The control group included 20 healthy individuals. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were divided into two groups depending on the eNOS rs 1799983 gene polymorphism: group I — patients with DN and G/G genotype eNOS G894T gene (n=80); group II — patients with DN and G/T and T/T genotypes eNOS G894T gene (n=46). Results. The distribution of genotypes of the rs1799983 polymorphism of the eNOS gene corresponded to the Hardy‑Weinberg equilibrium. Data analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of genotypes and alleles of the studied polymorphism in the group of patients with DN compared with controls, which corresponds to the dominant model of inheritance (odds ratio 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.09—0.99), p=0.045). There were significant gender differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the studied polymorphism in the group of patients with type 2 DM with DN: women had a significantly lower risk of the G/T polymorphism genotype than men. The study of total antioxidant activity (TAA) revealed significantly lower values of this parameter in patients with G/G genotype of the rs1799983 polymorphism of the eNOS gene compared to carriers of the T allele (G/T+T/T genotypes). In diabetic patients with different genotypes of the rs1799983 polymorphism of the eNOS gene, the levels of total hydroperoxides (THP) did not differ significantly. Homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the T allele of the rs1799983 polymorphism of the eNOS gene had a significant increase in the prooxidant‑antioxidant balance. Conclusions. In patients with DN, the distribution of genotypes of the G894T polymorphism (rs 1799983) of the eNOS gene corresponds to the Hardy‑Weinberg equilibrium in all studied groups and does not differ significantly from European populations. In men, the risk of having a heterozygous G/T genotype of the G894T (rs 1799983) polymorphism of the eNOS gene is 3 times higher than in women (according to the dominant model of inheritance, odds ratio 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20—0.83), p=0.013). In carriers of G/T and T/T genotypes, a significant increase in prooxidant‑antioxidant balance was observed against the background of a decrease in total antioxidant activity, compared with carriers of G/G genotype (p<0.05).

Cardamonin attenuates iron overload-induced osteoblast oxidative stress through the HIF-1α/ROS pathway

BackgroundOsteoporosis(OP) is a bone disease under research. Iron overload is a significant risk factor. Iron balance is crucial for bone metabolism and biochemical processes. When there is an excess of iron in the body, it tends to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause oxidative damage to cells. The flavonoid compound, Cardamonin (CAR), possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-iron overload properties that can be beneficial in mitigating the risk of OP. PurposeThis study investigates the potential therapeutic interventions and underlying mechanisms of CAR for treating OP in individuals with iron overload. MethodsThe model of iron-overloaded mice was established by intraperitoneally injecting iron dextran(ID) into the mice. OP severity was evaluated with micro-CT and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining in vivo. In vitro, the iron-overloaded osteoblast model was induced by ferric ammonium citrate. Cell counting kit 8 assay to evaluate cell viability, Annexin V-FITC/PI assay to detect cell apoptosis. A range of cellular markers were detected, including the variation in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), ROS, and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO). ResultsCAR can reverse bone loss in iron overload-induced OP mouse models in vivo.CAR attenuates the impairment of iron overload on the activity and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the accumulation of ROS and LPO activation via HIF-1α/ROS pathways. ConclusionCAR downregulating HIF-1α pathways prevents inhibition of iron overload-induced osteoblasts dysfunctional by attenuating ROS accumulation, reducing oxidative stress, promotes bone formation, and alleviates OP.

GPX4 allosteric activators inhibit ferroptosis and exert myocardial protection in doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury mouse model

Ferroptosis is a unique type of non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by increased lipid hydroperoxide levels. It has relevance for a number of pathological conditions including multiple organ injuries and degenerative diseases. GPX4 plays an important role in ferroptosis by repairing lipid hydroperoxides. Based on the reported allosteric sites, we obtained the GPX4 allosteric activator hit compound A9 through virtual screening. A9 can bind to GPX4 and prevent RSL3-induced lipid peroxidation production in HT-1080 cells. In addition, A9 can specifically rescue erastin-induced cell death. Further chemical modification and structure-activity relationship studies afforded the optimized compound C3. C3 showed the activity of alleviating myocardial injury in the doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury mouse model. This study demonstrated that inhibiting ferroptosis by activating GPX4 is expected to be a potential solution to treat myocardial injury.

STAT3 Regulates the Redox Profile in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells.

Unbalanced redox status and constitutive STAT3 activation are related to several aspects of tumor biology and poor prognosis, including metastasis and drug resistance. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is listed as the most aggressive and exhibits the worst prognosis among the breast cancer subtypes. Although the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation led to STAT3 activation is described, there is no data concerning the STAT3 influence on redox homeostasis in TNBC. To address the role of STAT3 signaling in redox balance, we inhibited STAT3 in TNBC cells and investigated its impact on total ROS levels, contents of hydroperoxides, nitric oxide (NO), and total glutathione (GSH), as well as the expression levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65. Our results indicate that ROS levels depend on the STAT3 activation, while the hydroperoxide level remained unchanged, and NO and 3NT expression increased. Furthermore, GSH levels, Nrf2, and NF-κB/p65 protein levels are decreased in the STAT3-inhibited cells. Accordingly, TNBC patients' data from TCGA demonstrated that both STAT3 mRNA levels and STAT3 signature are correlated to NF-κB/p65 and Nrf2 signatures. Our findings implicate STAT3 in controlling redox balance and regulating redox-related genes' expression in triple-negative breast cancer.

Measurement of Serum Ceruloplasmin, Lipid Hydroperoxide Level and Prolidase Activity in Children with Primary Headache

Introduction Primary headache is a significant health problem in children as it remarkably negatively affects the child and his/her family. Migraine and tension-type headaches constitute the majority of primary headaches in childhood. Studies regarding adult migraine patients suggest that oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between primary headache in chidhood and the levels of oxidative stress markers. Materials and methods Pediatric patients diagnosed with primary headache and healthy controls in the pediatric age range were recruited. Data regarding age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. The levels of ceruloplasmin, lipid hydroperoxide, and prolidase activity were measured in plasma using the ELISA method. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS 11.5 statistical program. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The study included 76 patients with primary headache and 61 healthy controls. The mean ages of the patients and healthy controls were 14.4±3.2 and 13.6±2.9 years. The patient and control groups were similar in terms of gender distribution (p=0.948), age (p=0.079), and BMI (p=0.196). Migraine accounted for 35.5% (n=27), while tension-type headache accounted for 64.5% (n=49) of the patients. Serum ceruloplasmin (p=0.033), lipid hydroperoxide (p<0.001), and prolidase (p=0.010) levels were higher in patients compared to the control group. Lipid hydroperoxide (p=0.021) and prolidase (p=0.013) levels were higher in migraine patients than in tension-type headache patients, while ceruloplasmin levels were similar between patients with different headache types (p=0.581). Conclusion In this study, oxidative stress markers were shown to be increased in pediatric patients with primary headache. These findings support the hypothesis that patients with primary headaches are exposed to oxidative stress. Future studies may elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of childhood migraine and other headache types.

Fabrication and Characterization of Docosahexaenoic Acid Algal Oil Pickering Emulsions Stabilized Using the Whey Protein Isolate-High-Methoxyl Pectin Complex.

In this study, the whey protein isolate-high-methoxyl pectin (WPI-HMP) complex prepared by electrostatic interaction was utilized as an emulsifier in the preparation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) algal oils in order to improve their physicochemical properties and oxidation stability. The results showed that the emulsions stabilized using the WPI-HMP complex across varying oil-phase volume fractions (30-70%) exhibited consistent particle size and enhanced stability compared to emulsions stabilized solely using WPI or HMP at different ionic concentrations and heating temperatures. Furthermore, DHA algal oil emulsions stabilized using the WPI-HMP complex also showed superior storage stability, as they exhibited no discernible emulsification or oil droplet overflow and the particle size variation remained relatively minor throughout the storage at 25 °C for 30 days. The accelerated oxidation of the emulsions was assessed by measuring the rate of DHA loss, lipid hydroperoxide levels, and malondialdehyde levels. Emulsions stabilized using the WPI-HMP complex exhibited a lower rate of DHA loss and reduced levels of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde. This indicated that WPI-HMP-stabilized Pickering emulsions exhibit a greater rate of DHA retention. The excellent stability of these emulsions could prove valuable in food processing for DHA nutritional enhancement.

A highly selective inhibitor of discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1-IN-1) protects corneal epithelial cells from YAP/ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis in dry eye.

This study investigated the involvement of discoidin domain receptor (DDR) in dry eye and assessed the potential of specific DDR inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for dry eye by exploring the underlying mechanism. Dry eye was induced in Wistar rats by applying 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), after which rats were treated topically for 7 days with DDR1-IN-1, a selective inhibitor of DDR1. Clinical manifestations of dry eye were assessed on Day-7 post-treatment. Histological evaluation of corneal damage was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In vitro, immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to hyperosmotic stress (HS) were treated with varying doses of DDR1-IN-1 for 24 h. The levels of lipid peroxidation in dry eye corneas or HS-stimulated HCECs were assessed. Protein levels of DDR1/DDR2 and related pathways were detected by western blotting. The cellular distribution of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescent staining. In dry eye corneas, only DDR1 expression was significantly up-regulated compared with normal controls. DDR1-IN-1 treatment significantly alleviated dry eye symptoms in vivo. The treatment remarkably reduced lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) levels and suppressed the expression of ferroptosis markers, particularly ACSL4. Overexpression or reactivation of YAP diminished the protective effects of DDR1-IN-1, indicating the involvement of the Hippo/YAP pathway in DDR1-targeted therapeutic effects. This study confirms the significance of DDR1 in dry eye and highlights the potential of selective DDR1 inhibitor(s) for dry eye treatment.

Synergistic effects of phosphorylation modification and protocatechuic acid copolymerization improve the physical and oxidation stability of high internal phase emulsion stabilized by perilla protein isolate

A compact antioxidant interfacial layer was fabricated by combining phosphorylation treatment with protocatechuic acid (PA) copolymerization to enhance the physical and oxidative stability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) prepared using perilla protein isolate (PPI). The covalent binding between PPI and phosphate groups induced conformational changes, facilitating the interaction between PPI and PA. The formed phosphorylated PPI-PA conjugates (LPPI-PA) exhibited a reduced particle size of 196.75 nm, promoting their adsorption at the interface. HIPEs prepared by LPPI-PA conjugates showed higher storage stability due to decreased droplet size, increased interfacial protein adsorption content (90.48%), and the formation of an interconnected network within the system. Additionally, the combination of LPPI and PA anchored PA to the interface, significantly inhibiting lipid oxidation in HIPEs as evidenced by low levels of lipid hydroperoxide (30.33 μmol/g oil) and malondialdehyde (379.34 nmol/g oil). This study holds significant implications for improving the stability of HIPEs.

Unravelling the oxygen factor - An investigation of transcriptional activation of hypoxia associated placental angiogenesis in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients from Assam, India

IntroductionRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the spontaneous loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, and affects 7.46 % of the Indian population. About 40–50 % of RPL cases are idiopathic making it a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. This study focuses on elucidating the role of hypoxia-associated placental angiogenesis in these idiopathic RPL cases. MethodsWhole blood and product of conception (POCs) were collected from RPL patients (N = 87) and cases of voluntary abortions (medically terminated pregnancy, MTP; n = 110) as controls with informed consent. Serum separated from whole blood was used to study the ROS-antioxidant status in the cases and controls through colorimetric assays and ELISA. The mRNA extracted from placental tissue samples were used to determine the hypoxic and angiogenic status in cases and controls through real time PCR. Statistical analysis was also carried out to correlate the differential hypoxic status between RPL and MTP cohorts with the expression of angiogenic factors (VEGFA, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2). ResultsHIF1α mRNA expression was found to be upregulated in the RPL cases. While the serum levels of H2O2 (p = 0.012), guanine oxides and lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) were increased in the RPL cases, reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be significantly decreased (p = 0.012). Additionally, AUROC analysis also shows an excellent discriminatory ability of 0.850 for serum H2O2 levels. VEGF-A and VEGF-R1 mRNA expression was also found to be downregulated in the RPL cases compared to MTP. DiscussionThis study indicates that increased oxidative stress may lead to aberrations in the VEGF pathway resulting in improper placentation in RPL cases, and subsequently, pregnancy loss.

The influence of “Butaintersyl” on the antioxidant status of rats under conditions of toxic damage caused by tetrachloromethane

Tetrachloromethane (CCl4) is a toxic chemical substance known in scientific research as a model for studying the damage of parenchymal liver cells. The mechanisms of CCl4 toxicity include the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, the intensive formation of free radicals, and, as a result, the disruption of the pro-/antioxidant balance. This work aimed to study the effect of the liposomal drug “Butaintersyl” on the activity of the glutathione antioxidant protection system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of rats under conditions of toxic damage caused by tetrachloromethane. The studies were conducted on white sexually mature young Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g, kept in the institute's vivarium of the State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. In the blood of the rats, changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione were studied, as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation products: lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products. The development of oxidative stress in the first experimental group of rats was accompanied by the suppression of the glutathione antioxidant protection system, as evidenced by a decrease in blood glutathione peroxidase activity and the level of reduced glutathione. At the same time, the intoxicated animals showed an increase in lipid peroxidation processes, namely an increase in the blood levels of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products throughout the study period. The studies showed that in cases of poisoning of various origins, it is advisable to use drugs that reduce the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipoperoxidation processes, exhibit antioxidant effects, and stabilize cell membranes. A special place among such drugs is occupied by the liposomal drug “Butaintersyl”. This drug ensures the stabilization of biological membranes. The liposomal drug “Butaintersyl” contributed to suppressing lipid peroxidation processes and activating the antioxidant protection system, as evidenced by the high content of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity. Due to its antioxidant properties, the drug positively affected the activity of membrane-dependent enzymes. It reduced the level of endogenous intoxication, allowing it to be recommended for inclusion in prevention schemes for toxic liver damage caused by chemical compounds.

Clinical efficacy of complex antioxidant therapy for pelvic varicose veins in women: A prospective non-randomized controlled study

Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of complex antioxidant therapy (CAT) in the treatment of patients with pelvic varicose veins (PVV). Materials and methods. Patients with PVV (n=150) were divided into groups 1 and 2 of 75 subjects; the groups were comparable. Treatment in both groups included standard therapy with one of the venotropic agents (60 days). Patients of group 1 additionally received CAT for 30 days (1 course), in total 3 courses with 2-month intervals. Results. When assessing the parameters of the lipoperoxidation system (antioxidant protection) in group 1 during CAT combined with standard venotropic therapy, there was a statistically significant decrease in the levels of lipid hydroperoxides (p0.0001), diene conjugates (p=0.001), malonic dialdehyde (p0.0001), an increase in the levels of catalase (p0.0001), superoxide dismutase (p0.0001), glutathione peroxidase (p0.0001), glutathione reductase (p0.0001), glutathione-S-transferase (p=0.002) and the reduced glutathione content (p=0.032) compared to levels before treatment. The above group showed a decrease in the diameter of the pelvic varicose veins: internal iliac (p0.001), ovarian (p0.0001) and arcuate (p0.001), an increase in their blood flow velocity (p=0.003, 0.041, and 0.040, respectively), a decrease in the duration of retrograde flow to 0.3 cm. There was a decrease in pelvic pain (p0.0001), dysmenorrhea (p=0.024), dyspareunia (p=0.037), the frequency of irregular menstruation (p=0.031), an improvement in quality of life (p=0.047), pregnancy rate (p=0.013), the number of live births (p=0.004), and the duration of remission (p=0.047). Conclusion. The use of a combination of antioxidants superoxide dismutase 250 mg 2 times a day, acetyl-glutathione at 100 mg 2 times a day, and astaxanthin 400 mg/day for 30 days in 3 courses with 2-month intervals combined with venotropic therapy can significantly improve the treatment outcomes of patients with PVV.

AAPH-oxidised whey protein isolate forms a weak interfacial layer and promotes lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions

The objective of this work was to investigate the interfacial adsorption properties and lipid oxidation of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions prepared by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) oxidised whey protein isolate (WPI) with different oxidation degrees. The results indicated that as the AAPH concentration increased, the degree of oxidation of WPI also increased significantly, as confirmed by the higher protein carbonyl and N'-formyl-L-kynurenine levels. AAPH interacted with WPI mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Higher AAPH concentration changed the structure of WPI, which verified by the results of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism spectra and SDS-PAGE. Moreover, the ζ-potential and adsorbed proteins of O/W emulsions prepared by oxidised-WPI decreased with increasing degree of protein oxidation, but the droplet size of O/W emulsions increased. In addition, higher oxidation degrees of oxidised-WPI promoted lipid oxidation of O/W emulsions, reflected by an increase in lipid hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde levels. These findings indicated that oxidised WPI could lead to quality deterioration of O/W emulsions, especially for those with a higher degree of oxidation.

L-proline Interaction with Methyl Linoleate Oxidation Products Formation in Dry System and at Temperatures: For Understanding in Low-Moisture Foods

Dry and low-moisture foods could experience a significant loss in nutritional value due to the process of methyl linoleate oxidation. L-proline could interact with lipid oxidation products, potentially modifying their formation and reaction path. However, there was a lack of research on the interaction between L-proline and methyl linoleate oxidation products in dry and low-moisture food matrices, which was a concern given the potential impact on food safety and nutrition. To address this knowledge gap, a study investigated the interaction between L-proline and the oxidation products of methyl linoleate in a dry system. The study examined the formation of methyl linoleate oxidation products such as conjugated dienes, hydroperoxide, and hexanal in the absence and presence of varying moles of L-proline at different temperatures. The formation of conjugated diene, hydroperoxide, and hexanal was analyzed using UV spectrometer analysis, xylenol orange, and DNPH derivatization HPLC-UV analysis. The results showed that adding proline to methyl linoleate samples stabilized conjugated diene and decreased hydroperoxide and hexanal levels as temperature increased, compared to the control sample. This suggests that L-proline effectively interacted with methyl linoleate oxidation products and altered their formation and oxidation path in the dry system. Overall, this study provided a basis for significantly enhancing understanding of the reactions between L-proline and methyl linoleate oxidation products in dry and low-moisture foods, offered practical implications for the food industry, and paved the way for future research.

Differences in aging rates based on different methods of calculation in patients with arterial hypertension and subclinical hypothyroidism

Objective — to evaluate two distinct methods for determining biological age (BA) and aging rates among patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) that can be applicable to practical medical settings.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 150 patients (women 54.7%, n=82) with an average age of 47.1 [39.7;54.0] years, who were divided into three groups reciprocal by age and sex: the main group included 70 patients with AH in combined with SH, the comparison group consisted of 50 subjects with isolated AH, and control group of 30 healthy volunteers. All subjects were assessed for objective data, anthropometric status, standard clinical‑biochemical indicators, insulin, HOMA IR, C‑reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α), thyroid‑stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Additionally, the pro‑oxidant‑antioxidant balance was evaluated by assessing total hydroperoxides (THP) levels and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The assessment of BA and aging rates (ΔBA) were chosen as the main markers of premature aging and were performed with two different methods: by M. Levin et al. (ΔBA1), by authors’ own method (ΔBA2). Depending on ΔBA, patients from all three groups were divided into subgroups with normal/slowed aging rates (ΔBA ≤0) and accelerated aging rates (ΔBA >0).
 Results. According to ΔBA1 (p=0.004), 4 subjects with accelerated aging rates reveled in the controls, while in the main group the rate was 2.2 times higher than in the comparison group (40.0% versus 18%). According to ΔBA2 (p=0.0001), more people had an increased aging rates both in the main group and in the comparison group (57.1% versus 38.0%). Patients with AH and accelerated aging rates according to ΔBA1 had significant differences in the levels of SIRT1 (p=0.012), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.012), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p=0.005), uric acid (p=0.011), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.001), and according to ΔBA2, higher levels of insulin (p=0.019), HOMA IR (p=0.013), triglycerides (TG) (p=0.011), very low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‑C) (p=0.020), DBP (p=0.032), and lower levels of total protein (p=0.048), compared to patients with AH and normal/slower aging rates. In the group of patients with AH combined with SH, differences in the levels of THP (p=0.023), uric acid (p=0.044), and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.046) were found among patients with different aging rates according to ΔBA1, and according to the results of the ΔBA2 assessment — in the levels of glucose (p=0.045) and uric acid (p=0.026). Among the studied patients in the AH group and in the group with a combined course of AH and SH, there were 52 patients whose aging rates (accelerated and normal/slowed) did not coincide in the assessment according to ΔBA1 and ΔBA2 : 11 patients had accelerated aging rates only according to ΔBA1, and 23 patients — only according to ΔBA2. Among the aforementioned 52 patients, 50% had elevated levels of ALT, 32.7% — AST, 3.8 — alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 90.2% — HOMA IR, 80.8% — total cholesterol (TC), 28.8% — triglycerides (TG), 26.9% had decreased levels of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C), 82.7% had elevated levels of LDL‑C, 15.4% — creatinine, 46.2% had decreased eGFR, 15.4% had elevated levels of CRP, 3.8% — TNF‑α, and 50.0% had uncontrolled levels of systolic and diastolic BP.
 Conclusions. Assessment of BA should be mandatory for patients with AH and SH to enable early detection and prevention of premature aging. As an indicator of accelerated aging rates, the combined use of ΔBA assessment based on clinical and biochemical indicators according to the method of M. Levin et al. (2018), as well on our own developed method based on the assessment of anthropometric indicators, TSH levels and the content of THP can be effective. Primary determination of BA can be conducted during regular (e.g., annual) preventive screening of patients. In case of detection of cardiometabolic disorders, repeat determination of BA can be performed after some time following their correction.

Systemic Oxidative Stress in Subacute Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation Treatment.

The imbalance in oxidative stress in acute stroke has been extensively studied; on the contrary, its investigation in the subacute phase is limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the variation in the systemic oxidative status in subacute post-stroke patients before (T0) and after a six-week rehabilitation treatment (T1) and to investigate the relationship between systemic oxidative status and rehabilitation outcomes. We enrolled 109 subjects in two different centres, and we analysed their serum hydroperoxide levels (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant power (BAP), thiol antioxidant components (-SHp), and relative antioxidant capacity (OSI and SH-OSI indices). Activity of Daily Living (ADL), hand grip strength, and walking endurance were evaluated using the modified Barthel Index, the Hand Grip test, and the 6-min walk test, respectively. At T0, most of the patients showed very high levels of d-ROMs and suboptimal levels of the BAP, OSI, and SH-OSI indices. Comparing the T1 and T0 data, we observed an improvement in the rehabilitation outcomes and a significant decrease in d-ROMs (549 ± 126 vs. 523 ± 148, p = 0.023), as well as an improvement in the OSI and SH-OSI indices (4.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.7 ± 1.5, p = 0.001; 11.0 ± 0.4 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). In addition, significant correlations were seen between the oxidative stress parameters and the rehabilitation outcomes. These results suggest monitoring the systemic oxidative stress status in post-stroke patients in order to plan a tailored intervention, considering its relationship with functional recovery.

Induction of Oxidative Stress by Waterborne Copper and Arsenic in Larvae of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): A Comparison with Their Effects as Nanoparticles.

The aim of this work was to compare the potential induction of oxidative stress and the antioxidant enzymatic response after a short-term waterborne exposure to copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) with that of the nanoparticles (NPs) of these elements (Cu-NPs and As-NPs) in fish larvae of the species Dicentrarchus labrax. Larvae were grouped in several tanks and exposed to different concentrations of contaminants (0 to 10 mg/L) for 24 or 96 h under laboratory conditions. Copper and arsenic concentrations were analysed in larval tissues using ICP-MS. A set of oxidative stress biomarkers, including the levels of hydroperoxides (HPs), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. The trace element concentrations (mg/kg d.w.) in larvae ranged as follows: 3.28-6.67 (Cu at 24 h) and 2.76-3.42 (Cu at 96 h); 3.03-8.31 (Cu-NPs at 24 h) and 2.50-4.86 (Cu-NPs at 96 h); 1.92-3.45 (As at 24 h) and 2.22-4.71 (As at 96 h); and 2.19-8.56 (As-NPs at 24 h) and 1.75-9.90 (As-NPs at 96 h). In Cu tests, the oxidative damage (ROOH levels) was induced from 0.1 mg/L at both exposure times, while for Cu-NPs, this damage was not observed until 1 mg/L, which was paralleled by concomitant increases in SOD activity. The CAT activity was also increased but at lower metal concentrations (0.01 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L for both chemical forms). No oxidative damage was observed for As or As-NPs after 24 h, but it was observed for As after 96 h of treatment with 0.01 mg/L. A decrease in SOD activity was observed for As after 24 h, but it turned out to be increased after 96 h. However, As-NPs did not alter SOD activity. The CAT activity was stimulated only at 96 h by As and at 24 h by As-NPs. Therefore, the two chemical forms of Cu exhibited a higher bioaccumulation and toxicity potential as compared to those of As. Importantly, the association of both Cu and As in NPs reduced the respective trace metal bioaccumulation, resulting also in a reduction in the toxic effects (mortality and biochemical). Furthermore, the assessment of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in seabass larvae appears to be a useful tool for biomonitoring environmental-occurring trace elements.

DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF THE BLOOD ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE ACTION OF THE LIPOSOMAL PREPARATION

The aim of the study – to study the effect of the liposomal drug «Butaintersil» on theantioxidant status of rats under conditions of oxidative stressMaterials and methods. Modeling of oxidative stress was performed on sexually maturemale Wistar rats with a body weight of 180-200 g. In the blood of rats, changes inglutathione peroxidase activity and the level of reduced glutathione, as well as the levels oflipid peroxidation products, lipid hydroperoxide, and TBC-active products, were studied.Results. Intramuscular injection of a 50 % oily solution of tetrachloromethane at a doseof 0.25 ml/100 g of the animal’s body weight led to a change in the activity of the glutathionesystem of antioxidant protection: a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidaseand the level of reduced glutathione. At the same time, an increase in lipid peroxidationprocesses, namely an increase in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and TBC-activeproducts during the entire research period was observed in the intoxicated animals. In itsturn, with the additional administration of the liposomal drug «Butaintersil» to animalsunder conditions of tetrachloromethane intoxication, strengthening of the antioxidantstatus of the body of experimental animals was established. Thus, on the 14th day of the experiment, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathionewere the highest in the blood of rats of the second experimental group, where comparedto intoxicated animals, they were 2.1 and 2.37 times higher, respectively. Also, underthe influence of the studied liposomal drug, changes in the levels of lipid peroxidationproducts in the blood of rats of the second experimental group were detected, namely,a decrease in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and TBC-active products in their blood.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the corrective effect of Butaintersil on theparameters of the antioxidant protection of the body of rats after their intoxication withtetrachloromethane.

Improving emulsion stabilizing capacity of sodium caseinate by colloidal lignin particles near the isoelectric point

Sodium caseinate (Cas) is an attractive candidate for food emulsion formulation due to its surface-active properties as well as the ability to prevent the oxidation of encapsulation oils. However, the emulsions underwent destabilization near its isoelectric point (pI, around pH 4.8) due to the lack of enough electronic repulsion. To overcome the drawback, colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) fabricated from dietary fiber with superior negative repulsion and abundant surface active sites will be inspiring as the patch of Cas-based emulsion. This study systemically explored the modified effect of varied CLPs concentrations in the Cas-based emulsions prepared at pH 4.8. Due to hydrophobic attractions and hydrogen bonds between protein and CLPs, the CLPs significantly increased the negative charge and viscosity of composites while reduced surface hydrophobicity of Cas. Thus, in contrast to Cas, Cas/CLPs complex can fabricate a more elastic oil-water interfacial film, accompanying with a reduced droplet size (52–136 μm). Despite the inhibition of Cas adsorption at interfacial film, Cas/CLPs complex increase the stability of emulsion mainly by increasing electrostatic repulsion, enhancing film elasticity, and thickening continuous phase. Emulsions fabricated with Cas/CLPs complex effectively protected polyunsaturated fatty acids from deterioration, with the lowest levels of hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde observed in Cas/1.00 %CLPs emulsion. This study uncovered the facts behind the non-covalent interactions of Cas and lignin and proposed a novel strategy to stabilize Cas-based emulsions in acidic conditions.