Hydrogenation Of Levulinic Acid Research Articles

Biomass‐derived Functionalized Carbon Embedded Ru Nanoparticles for Efficient γ‐Valerolactone Production from Levulinic Acid: Synergistic Effect and Optimization

Ru nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in functionalized carbon (Ru@FC) were synthesized and employed as a bifuntional catalyst for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL). The synergistic interaction between the functionalized carbon support and Ru NPs was demonstrated, with the carbon support facilitating the dehydration step, while Ru NPs acted as active sites for hydrogenation. The proposed reaction pathway involves the initial transformation of LA into a pseudo‐LA intermediate over Ru@FC catalyst, followed by dehydration and hydrogenation steps to produce GVL. Additionally, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the first time to predict the optimal reaction conditions and evaluate the influence of reaction parameters on the formation of the desired product. The quadratic model was effectively fitted between experimental and predicted data, with a low p‐value (<0.0001) and high R2 (0.9967). Among the catalysts tested, 5Ru@FC‐30% exhibited superior catalytic performance, achieving a high GVL yield of 98.6% under optimized conditions (10 mg catalyst, 130°C, 5 h). Moreover, the 5Ru@FC‐30% catalyst demonstrated high stability and reusability over five cycles. This work contributes a novel Ru@FC catalyst for sustainable and efficient biomass valorization.

Precise synthesis of γ-valerolactone via selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid catalyzed by NiCo/ZnO bimetallic catalysts

Precise synthesis of γ-valerolactone via selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid catalyzed by NiCo/ZnO bimetallic catalysts

Co-MnO/spontaneously polarized ceramic-carbon composite with oxygen vacancies for enhancing catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Co-MnO/spontaneously polarized ceramic-carbon composite with oxygen vacancies for enhancing catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Optimizing CuNi catalysts for long-term vapor phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone: Influence of the support on activity and stability

Optimizing CuNi catalysts for long-term vapor phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone: Influence of the support on activity and stability

Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Furfural to Fuel Additives over Ru-Decorated Carbon-Channelized Catalyst

Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Furfural to Fuel Additives over Ru-Decorated Carbon-Channelized Catalyst

Modified Vermiculite Supported Ru Nanoparticles as a Robust Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone

Modified Vermiculite Supported Ru Nanoparticles as a Robust Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone

Ru/Beta Zeolite Catalysts for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation: The Importance of Catalyst Synthesis Methodology

Ru/Beta Zeolite Catalysts for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation: The Importance of Catalyst Synthesis Methodology

The transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over CuNiAl catalyst

The catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts remains a great challenge for large-scale commercial applications under harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we designed a CuNiAl catalyst using a layered double hydroxides precursor, and the catalytic performances were evaluated in transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone with formic acid as a hydrogen donor. CuNiAl catalyst presented high activity and the improved stability compared to CuAl catalyst. The CuNi alloy formed in the CuNiAl catalyst could prevent Cu particles from partial oxidation, overgrowth and leaching under acidic reaction conditions. Moreover, the synergistic effects between Cu active sites and the surface acid-base on the surface were the key factors for producing γ-valerolactone with a high yield of 97.3% over the CuNiAl catalyst.

Green catalytic process for γ-valerolactone production from levulinic acid and formic acid.

A highly efficient and environmentally friendly process for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) using formic acid (FA) as a hydrogen donor to produce γ-valerolactone (GVL) has been developed. This method achieves a remarkable 99% yield of GVL in an aqueous medium under mild, additive-free conditions (150 °C, 1.5 hours, 0.5 mol% [Ru]). These conditions represent the best reported so far for producing GVL from LA and FA using a ruthenium bifunctional catalyst (MO-Ru: Ru-Mg/Al, MO: mixed oxide). A significant synergy between Ru and Mg/Al was observed, enhancing the selective activation of formic acid and the subsequent hydrogenation of levulinic acid. This effect is attributed to the combined catalytic action of Ru species and the medium-strength acidic and basic sites found on the MO-Ru surface, which together promote selective reaction steps in the FA activation and LA hydrogenation processes. The production of GVL from levulinic acid and formic acid, both derived from cellulose hydrolysis, is a key reaction in the valorization of biomass into renewable fuels and chemicals. The application of this methodology not only enhances the economic viability of the process but also eliminates the need for energy-intensive separation of levulinic acid from the aqueous mixture of levulinic acid and formic acid. Additionally, a possible reaction mechanism for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid was proposed.

Facile construction of tourmaline/carbon-supported Cu-Ni/ZrO2 for efficient catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid via activating aqueous-phase system

Facile construction of tourmaline/carbon-supported Cu-Ni/ZrO2 for efficient catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid via activating aqueous-phase system

High‐Yield Synthesis of Sustainable γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass‐Derived Product Levulinic Acid by Hydrogenation in Fixed Bed Continuous Reactor

AbstractThe transformation of biomass‐derived feedstocks into valuable chemicals is crucial for the sustainable development of our society. Extensive applications of γ‐valerolactone give wide attention to synthesis. We have prepared a Pt‐hydrotalcite (Pt‐HT) catalyst by the sol‐gel method and determined that this catalyst shows superior performance for the precise hydrogenation of levulinic (LA) gg acid into γ‐valerolactone (GVL), where 100% GVL selectivity was achieved with LA conversion of ∼98% at 300 °C and 10 bar pressure using a fixed bed continuous down‐flow reactor. The physiochemical characterization of the catalyst was identified as done by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, BET, XPS, and TPR. The incorporated Pt metal has high dispersion in the presence of a basic medium of MgO and an acidic medium of Al2O3 of hydrotalcite (HT). The acidity of alumina is responsible for C─O bond cleavage to form an angelica‐lactone intermediate, which is further converted to form GVL over Pt, positioning it as a highly promising catalyst for the practical production of γ‐valerolactone. Highly dispersed Pt located between the interlayer spacing of support hydrotalcite is the active species, and the catalyst was stable even after a 24 h time‐on‐stream run without changing the conversion and selectivity.

Stable RuIr Nanoalloy Catalyst for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation Reaction

Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) represents a significant approach for producing the high-value biomass-based platform compound γ-valerolactone (GVL). In this study, an efficient RuIr alloy bimetallic catalyst supported on SiC was synthesized and applied for the aqueous hydrogenation of LA into GVL under mild conditions. The RuIr/SiC catalyst exhibited high LA conversion and GVL selectivity (both > 99%) in water at 0.2 MPa H2 pressure and 25 °C. The excellent performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Ru and Ir nanoparticles on the semiconducting SiC support. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the RuIr/SiC alloy remained basically unchanged after five cycles, confirming the high stability of the bimetallic alloy catalyst.

Synergistic Ru[sbnd]Co atomic pair with enhanced activity toward levulinic acid hydrogenation

Synergistic Ru[sbnd]Co atomic pair with enhanced activity toward levulinic acid hydrogenation

Fabricating hollow silica microsphere-supported bimetallic nickel-copper catalyst to promote the vapor phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Fabricating hollow silica microsphere-supported bimetallic nickel-copper catalyst to promote the vapor phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Highly efficient hydrogenation of levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone over modified bifunctional yolk-shell catalyst

Highly efficient hydrogenation of levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone over modified bifunctional yolk-shell catalyst

Advances in Sustainable γ-Valerolactone (GVL) Production via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Its Esters.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is a versatile chemical derived from biomass, known for its uses such as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solvent, a fuel additive, and a building block for renewable polymers and fuels. Researchers are keenly interested in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid and its esters as a method to produce GVL. This approach eliminates the need for H2 pressure and costly metal catalysts, improving the safety, cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability of the process. Our Perspective highlights recent advancements in this field, particularly with respect to catalyst development, categorizing them according to catalyst types, including zirconia-based, zeolites, precious metals, and nonprecious metal catalysts. We discuss factors such as reaction conditions, catalyst characteristics, and hydrogen donors and outline challenges and future research directions in this popular area of research.

Enhanced hydrothermal stability by a semi-embedded structure: An efficient Ru catalyst for levulinic acid conversion in the aqueous phase

Enhanced hydrothermal stability by a semi-embedded structure: An efficient Ru catalyst for levulinic acid conversion in the aqueous phase

Hydrogen spillover on Ni@Graphene enables robust and efficient catalytic hydrogenation of aqueous levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Hydrogen spillover on Ni@Graphene enables robust and efficient catalytic hydrogenation of aqueous levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Isopropanol/Water Bi‐Solvent Enhanced the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone over Ru‐PC Catalyst

AbstractCatalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) was attractive in biomass conversions since GVL is highly useful in different applications, such as polymer synthesis, fuel, and food. Various catalytic systems were reported for the reaction, yet harsh reaction conditions were generally required, which could restrict the scaling up of the reaction. Herein, we developed an effective and green bi‐solvent system of isopropanol/water for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of LA to GVL over a ruthenium–phosphorous carbon (Ru‐PC) catalyst. It was found that the presence of water in the solvent system promoted the production of GVL from LA. The effect of isopropanol/water ratios and other reaction conditions were investigated, exhibiting that 93.8% yield of GVL was achieved using isopropanol/water ratio of 2.5:2.5 at 140 °C for 4 h and over Ru‐PC catalyst. Combining water and organic solvent not only reduced the usage of organic solvent but also created an effective bi‐solvent system for catalytic reactions.

Highly efficient CuNi-ZrO2 nanocomposites for selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.

CuNi-ZrO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple coprecipitation technique of copper, nickel and zirconium ions with potassium carbonate. The structures of the nanocomposites were characterized by N2 physical adsorption, XRD, H2-TPR and STEM-EDS. The Cu0.05Ni0.45-ZrO2 nanocomposite showed outstanding catalytic performance in hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL), especially NaOH solution (0.5 mol L-1) as a solvent. 100% LA conversion and > 99.9% GVL selectivity are achieved over Cu0.05Ni0.45-ZrO2 catalyst at 200 °C, 3 MPa for 1.5 h. Characterization results suggest that the excellent reactivity of the Cu0.05Ni0.45-ZrO2 may be due to a better reducibility of nickel oxide in the CuONiO-ZrO2, dispersion of Ni in the Cu0.05Ni0.45-ZrO2 compared to nickel oxide in the NiO-ZrO2 and Ni in the Ni0.5-ZrO2 and promotion of OH-. The results demonstrate that the Cu0.05Ni0.45-ZrO2 nanocomposite has potential to realize high efficiency and low-cost synthesis of liquid fuels from biomass.