Dual modulation of electronic structure and intermediates adsorption via vanadium doping in amorphous-crystalline NiCoP for electrocatalytic overall water splitting.

Electrocatalytic potentials of biochars derived from Dioscorea bulbifera peel for hydrogen evolution reactions- experimental and tight binding quantum chemical study.

Preparation and study of sulfide-based electrocatalysts synthesized from NiFeCr layered triple hydroxide precursor for utilization in water splitting applications.

Synergistic charge Ti₃CNTₓ@graphene nanoplatelets bi-functional catalyst for efficient water splitting and photocatalytic dyes and antibiotic removal

Heterostructure-enhanced performance of Mo-NiSex/CoFe layered double hydroxide bifunctional catalysts for efficient overall water splitting at industrial-level current density with high stability.

Advancing membrane fouling control via electrically driven microbubble generation: Phosphidation-enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Ni foam and numerical optimization of operational parameters.

Charge allocation and mass transfer efficiency during hydrogen evolution reaction in high salinity neutral electrolyte.

Single atom catalysts: Ushering an era for revolutionizing the heterogeneous Electrocatalysis.

Trace levels of PtRu on NiMo foam electrodes towards hydrogen evolution reaction

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES), including microbial electrosynthesis (MES), represent a sustainable route for carbon recycling through CO2 electroreduction driven by electroactive microorganisms. However, their performance is often limited by sluggish cathodic reactions and the high cost of efficient electrodes. Nitrogen-rich biochar obtained from biomass provides a low-cost, conductive, and porous matrix with abundant active sites, making it suitable for enhancing electron transfer and catalytic activity. In this study, two biomass precursors with distinct nitrogen contents-hazelnut shells (HZS, low N) and urban green waste (UGW, high N)-were screened for biochar electrode production. Physicochemical and electrochemical analyses identified UGW as the most promising feedstock. The pyrolysis and activation processes were optimized by tuning temperature, residence time, and activation strategies (KOH and CO2 flow) to maximize nitrogen retention up to 2.90wt% and porosity in the 450-613 m2g-1 range. The resulting UGW-derived biochar exhibited partially graphitized, nitrogen-enriched structures with high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO2 electroreduction under near-neutral conditions. When used as cathodes in MES cells, these materials promoted enhanced CO2 fixation and supported microbial communities dominated by Clostridiaceae and Eubacteriaceae, achieving average current densities of around 0.20mA cm-2 over 21-day chronoamperometric tests, consistently higher than those of the biochar-free control. These results highlight UGW-derived nitrogen-rich biochars as sustainable cathode materials enabling efficient CO2 electroreduction and MES for circular carbon utilization.

• Cu and Fe pre-accumulated on modified graphite electrodes form a nanoelectrode array by electrochemical reduction. • Cu and Fe nanoelectrode array dimensions tune the catalytic HER peak potential in cyclic voltammetry. • Peak shifts in electrocatalytic HER voltammetric curves enable accurate nanomolar Cu and Fe quantification with higher sensitivity than pulsed voltammetry. • Conceptual advance from conventional current-based to potential-based sensing, enabled by nanometric-scale diffusion regime shifts in cyclic voltammetry. • New detection concept easily added in the workflow of electrochemical metal sensor development. An innovative electrochemical sensing method has been presented in the present study. Instead of designing a specific high-affinity or highly selective surface, a generalizable approach is proposed, that complements conventional electrochemical stripping methods and can be readily integrated into existing sensor development workflows without additional cost or complex fabrication steps. Diazonium-modified graphite electrode were used as a robust platform to demonstrate that sparsely pre-accumulated copper and iron cations can be reduced into nanodeposits, which behave as a nanoelectrode array. For the first time, it is shown that the macroscopic electrochemical response of this array towards the hydrogen evolution reaction depends on the size of the nanoelectrodes: higher metal concentrations in the incubation solution lead to more extensive metal deposition and larger nanostructures, which shift the hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic peak potential positively in cyclic voltammetry. This shift continues until the metal becomes detectable by standard pulsed analytical methods. Importantly, the proposed approach achieves enhanced sensitivity up to ten times greater compared to standard pulsed reference methods. Moreover, this gain in sensitivity does not rely on a specific surface chemistry. Therefore, the more affine a given accumulation layer is for its target metal, the lower the detection limits that can be achieved with this method. This study points towards a promising route for next-generation electrochemical sensors for trace metal detection, offering sensitivity beyond that of traditional faradaic detection schemes while remaining simple, scalable, and broadly adaptable.

Coupling urea wastewater treatment with hydrogen production using interface-engineered copper oxide-graphitic carbon catalysts.

Ammonia (NH₃) is a versatile chemical, critical to agriculture and various industries. Today, ammonia is further regarded as one of the most promising carbon-free energy carriers in the net-zero hydrogen economy. Traditionally, the energy-intensive Haber Bosch process has been mainly used for producing ammonia by the thermocatalytic conversion of high-purity nitrogen and hydrogen, while also contributing to major greenhouse gas emissions due to dependence on fossil fuels. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) is a highly promising and attractive alternative roadmap to achieving clean and sustainable ammonia production under conditions that are sufficiently mild to be fully powered by renewable energy sources. However, the industrial adoption of e-NRR is currently hindered by its low ammonia yields, and poor selectivity resulting from the limited reactivity of nitrogen molecules and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte, respectively. To overcome these barriers, the development of efficient electrocatalysts for e-NRR is essential to the actual realization of this emerging ammonia production technology. Among various types of promising materials, earth-abundant Fe element presents a competitive edge for developing high-performance electrocatalytic N₂ reduction systems owing to its intrinsic activity, low cost, and ease of modification with other elements to form compounds with distinguished catalytic activity. Therefore, this review focuses on recent developments in Fe-based nanomaterials for ammonia synthesis through e-NRR. A detailed overview of the chemistry of e-NRR, its fundamentals, mechanisms, and experimental procedures is given along with ammonia detection methods and catalyst evaluation metrics. The main part of this review explored various kinds of Fe-based catalysts encompassing the oxides, hydroxides, bimetallic catalysts, single atom catalysts (SACs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and chalcogenides. The analysis and discussion revolved around key traits of the catalysts including synthesis protocol, structural features, surface properties and their correlation to catalytic activity based on experimental data and theoretical insights. Additionally, prevailing challenges and opportunities for further advancement of Fe-based e-NRR catalysts are provided.

Seven-coordinated BiO7 motif as critical active site in oxidized bismuth for CO2 electroreduction to formate.

MXenes for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions: Synthesis, properties, and mechanistic insights

In response to the urgent need for high-performance non-precious metal electrocatalysts to address the energy crisis and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, we propose a novel approach to develop a highly selective and efficient electrocatalyst derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This electrocatalyst is designed for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The innovative synthesized catalyst combines the synergistic effects of cobalt (Co), MXene, and lanthanide praseodymium (Pr), which are synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. Cobalt plays an important role in enhancing electron transfer kinetics, and the layered structure of MXene significantly increases the active surface area, and the lanthanide praseodymium enhances electrical conductivity and structural and chemical stability. All of these help the synthesized catalyst to have a low overvoltage, thereby facilitating ORR, HER, and OER processes. The interaction between these components enhances the catalytic performance and benefits from unique morphological features, abundant heterogeneous interfaces, and excellent structural stability. The synthesized electrocatalysts were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis, along with electrochemical evaluations such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Two separate samples of 10 %Pr-coreshell ZIF8@ZIF67/Mxene at 1:1 and 2:1 ratios showed exceptional electrocatalytic activity. For ORR, the samples showed impressive onset potentials of 0.904 V and 0.894 V (vs. RHE), while their HER onset potentials were recorded at -0.21 V and -0.20 V (vs. RHE). In terms of OER, the onset potentials were 1.62 V and 1.65 V, respectively. Notably, these materials showed outstanding stability and outperformed commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts, making them promising candidates for sustainable energy solutions.

MXene-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions: Progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Boosting hydrogen evolution reaction performance via Pt-loaded phytic acid-etched NiCo-MOF electrocatalysts

VS2 nanospheres in-situ anchored on Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid heterostructures as an efficient electrocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

One-pot synthesis of Ni–Co nanoparticles@Ni0.19Co0.26P nanowires core/shell arrays on Ni foam for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction at all pH values