Hydrocarbon Sector Research Articles

Application of Data Mining in Hydrocarbon Transportation, Storage and Safety Handling

Considering the present scenario, in the hydrocarbon industries, heavy oil prices and need for explorations leads to decide the economy of the country. Technology had been identified and experimentally considered for new hydrocarbon exploration with the help of data mining. Besides, transportation and storage of the produced Hydrocarbon has been monitored and can be maintained in control limit using data mining too. Hydrocarbon can be stored within a tank made up of steel, iron or combination of suitable material. The tanks are properly designed, erected and all its fittings are secured. Proper construction and maintained will aid in preventing any leakage of petroleum products to the environment. Current study is about influence of hydrocarbon transportation and storage using available methodology in upstream hydrocarbon sectors. Petroleum reservoir consist of complex heterogeneities that are not limited to extract the hydrocarbon from the subsurface to surface. Post drilling, produced crude and gas will be transported fuel have to transported to refineries for further processing of crude into various products. Apart from upstream, persons working on midstream and downstream plays a crucial role. Crude hydrocarbon can be transported by vessels, pipelines and road. Pipeline and truck transportation are considered to be the prior most than other modes. Transporting oil and gas by pipeline or rail is in general quite safe. But when the safety of transporting oil and gas by pipelines and rail is compared, taking into consideration the amount of product moved, pipe-lines are found to be the much safer transportation method. Refinery has to ensure safety aspects of storing the received petroleum crude which has to be processed in to commercial products. They must be maintained in prescribed temperature and pressure condition. In order to make this successful, some of the safety protocols has to be followed which are defined and approved ministry and safety norms. This article deals about the process and procedures in transporting and storage of fuels from upstream, midstream and downstream. Hence, the protocols and other safety precaution aspects are discussed to have a safe storage and handling practices.

Marco regulatorio de la inversión extranjera directa y su incidencia en el sector petrolero de Argentina, Perú y Bolivia en el periodo 2006-2015

En las últimas décadas se ha profundizado la tendencia desreguladora como es-trategia de atracción de flujos de inversión extranjera directa (IED) entre países, los supuestos efectos positivos sobre la generación de empleo, la transferencia de tecnología, el mejoramiento de las relaciones internacionales y el crecimiento económico, son solo algunos aspectos que coadyuvan en el discurso a favor de los inversionistas y sus intereses. En el presente trabajo se estudiará el efecto que tiene la disminución de barreras al comercio y la IED dirigida al sector hidrocarburos, específicamente el petróleo, en el crecimiento económico de Argentina, Perú y Bolivia en el periodo comprendido entre 2006 y 2015.

Lex Petrolea, transnacionalización de la regulación de los hidrocarburos y geopolítica de la energía

El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones entre el plano jurídico transnacional y los derechos nacional e internacional, con especial énfasis en la regulación del sector de los hidrocarburos con el objetivo de comprender las transformaciones de la emergencia del derecho transnacional y los retos que implica para la socialización y la democracia de la producción del derecho y la desigualdad entre los distintos sujetos que participan. Consta de tres partes: la primera analiza la “desnacionalización” del derecho transnacional y sus efectos; la segunda, la “materialización” y su efecto en la distinción público/privado; la última, los retos del derecho transnacional en términos de socialización, democracia y equidad. La hipótesis central consiste en que los procesos de “desnacionalización” de la regulación en el sector energético tiende a producir una nueva lógica en la producción del derecho tanto en el plano nacional como en el mundial, borrando la distinción entre lo público y lo privado.

The politics of the temporary: Tanzanian local content in the East African crude oil pipeline

This paper examines the spatio-temporalities of the implementation of local content policies on the East African Crude Oil Pipeline by the Tanzanian Government. Costing $3.5 billion and spanning Uganda and Tanzania, the pipeline is one of the largest cross-border infrastructure projects in the history of East Africa and has presented both countries an opportunity to enhance local content policies in the hydrocarbon sector. It has also presented a unique project to study the temporalities of local content. With the majority of investment expected to occur in the construction phase that is estimated to be completed in two to three years, there appears to be a short term ‘window of opportunity’ for companies and labour alike to participate. Focusing solely on the Tanzanian portion of the pipeline and using fieldwork in Dar es Salaam and Tanga from June 2017 to August 2018, before the suspension of the project, this paper argues that the temporary nature of EACOP resulted in the construction of urgencies to establish a comprehensive local content sector. The result of this is one of multiple paces, and a division on what local content entails based on geography.

‘We Could be Rich’: Unemployment, Roadblocks and the Rhythms of Hydrocarbon Work among the Guaraní of the Argentine Chaco

In the Argentine Chaco, indigenous Guaraní lives are deeply entangled with the oil and gas industry. In response to the hydrocarbon sector's shifting dynamics, unemployed Guaraní have found innovative ways to make claims and mobilise for temporary employment. This article emphasises the perspectives of these mobilised populations and describes the political difficulties that precarious labour forces confront. It also draws attention to the temporalities of extraction and to the accompanying rhythms of flexible employment. In doing so, it extends the concept of precarity to highlight continuities between the impermanence of employment and the instability of mobilisation.

Environmental issues in Russian cities: towards the understanding of regional and national mass media discourse

ABSTRACTBased on the media discourse analysis of twelve national and six regional Russian online mass media, the study provides critical reflections on the environmental media coverage across two Russian cities following environmental themes including air and water pollution, waste, sustainable transport, energy, environmental civic engagement, and organic food. The findings suggest that the commonalities of the media coverage include the distribution of diagnostic and prognostic framing of motivational, informational articles over analytical, and the domination of discourses of ‘sustainable innovations’, ‘modernisation’, ‘environmental alarmism’ and ‘environmental conflicts’. The differences include the higher coverage of the city of Moscow and pro-governmental journalists in the national media in contrast to coverage in the regional press where the voices of environmental activists and non-governmental organisations are presented equally alongside those of the pro-governmental journalists. Collectively, the results demonstrate that media coverage does not accurately reflect the complex issues of urban stakeholders’ relationship with environmental conflicts which are inevitable in the context of Russia’s continuous reliance on the hydrocarbon sector.

Hydrocarbon Governance and Environmental Protection in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Congolese hydrocarbons sector is one of the key areas of the national economy and constitutes one of the main resources for financing the state budget. However, the uncontrolled exploitation of hydrocarbons can have consequences on the environment as a whole, which is a natural resource essential to human life and to terrestrial and marine biodiversity. To this end, the first principle of the Stockholm Declaration adopted by the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment states that “Man has a fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being. He has a solemn duty to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations”. From the above, the protection of the environment is part of the international commitments of States to promote, in particular, sustainable development. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), on the other hand, the lack of an adequate policy on hydrocarbon exploitation and environmental protection has enormous repercussions and unfortunate consequences on the entire Congolese population despite the absolute poverty that the latter is already experiencing. This paper awaits the implementation of adequate proposals to enable policy makers to know where to start in order to ensure sound hydrocarbon governance and sustainable environmental protection in the DRC. It is also a question of demonstrating that sound governance of hydrocarbons and environmental protection requires, in particular, the participation and efforts of everyone: first of all a political will, then a strong involvement of the public authorities, of the companies which invest in the hydrocarbons sector, and a change in the mentalities of the citizens for the integral and sustainable development of the DRC in line with its hydrocarbon potential.

Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Monitoring Frequency of Electric Equipment in the Hydrocarbons Sector

Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Monitoring Frequency of Electric Equipment in the Hydrocarbons Sector

Teaching Business Presentations:, Coping With Linguistic Anxiety "The Case Of Engineers In The Algerian Hydrocarbon Sector"

Teaching Business Presentations:, Coping With Linguistic Anxiety "The Case Of Engineers In The Algerian Hydrocarbon Sector"

Factors determining Russia’s long-term growth rate

In the decade of the 2010s, the pace of economic growth in Russia slowed down to an annual rate of below 2% and most forecasts suggest that this is will be the new “normal” for the Russian economy at least in the medium-term. While politically and socially disappointing, such a growth slowdown is unavoidable due to adverse demographic trends. A combination of a shrinking working-age population and population aging must lead to a lower growth pace as compared to the period when the working-age population was still increasing and the effects of population aging were limited (the decade of the 2000s). Compensatory measures such as a gradual increase in the retirement age and an open labor migration policy, although economically positive, can only partly mitigate the negative effects of a shrinking domestic labor force. In this respect, Russia does not differ from other European countries and some Asian countries. However, demography and shrinking labor supply cannot fully explain low potential growth. Stagnation in total factor productivity is another reason. It results from a poor business and investment climate, difficulty in diversifying away from the dominant role of the hydrocarbon sector, and deteriorating political and economic relations with the US and EU which limit trade, investment and innovation opportunities. To increase its potential growth, Russia needs comprehensive economic and institutional reforms that, in turn, will be conditioned by political reforms and by improved economic and political relationships with the US, the EU and Russia’s neighbors.

U.S. Sanctions and the Russian Arctic: The Oil and Gas Sector as Russia’s Achilles’ heel?

The territorial dispute between Russia and Ukraine, which has been going on since the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, is now starting to show effects also far away from the battlefields of Eastern Ukraine: in the waters of the Arctic Ocean, off the shores of Russia’s far north. US sanctions against Russia have recently had a direct impact on the ability of the hydrocarbon sector to operate as planned. In this text, it will be shown that the very sector on which the current Russian government seems to pin a lot of hope for the country’s economic development, the oil and gas sector, might turn out to become Russia’s weakness in the future. In this investigation, US sanctions against Russia are put into the wider context of their effects on non-US actors, in particular companies from the Arctic and Nordic countries, as well as into the wider context of international law. It will be shown that, although the Russian oil and gas industry is perceived as a key element of the Russian economy today, the dependence on non-Russian technology, combined with the effective implementation of US sanctions against Russia, might turn out to be an effective lever for change in Moscow.

Labor Productivity and Economic Growth in a Hydrocarbon-Dependent Economy: The Algerian Case, 1984–2015

This paper addresses the empirical question of whether productivity can help explain the economic growth dynamics in Algeria over the period from 1984 to 2015. The first aim of this article is to measure the productivity for both the economy as a whole and for different sectors. Then, original estimates of the capital stock are made using the permanent inventory method, which enables the evolutions of the total factor productivity to be inferred. On the basis of these estimates, it is shown that, while the Algerian economy as a whole performed fairly well in terms of economic growth, this was more the result of an increase in production factors, i.e., labor force, than of labor productivity growth, which was very limited. This partly reflects the weak performance of the hydrocarbons sector, which has experienced a decline in labor productivity since the early 2000s, while other sectors such as agriculture have experienced strong productivity gains.

Investigating the impact of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the contemporary world order: a case of Chinese SOE investment in the Canadian hydrocarbon sector

Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have become an important source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in resource-rich countries. Their expansion has stirred a debate in the Western hemisphere about the ability of SOEs to challenge liberal economic practices and to alter domestic governance in the countries where they invest. This paper contributes to this debate by examining the case of Chinese SOE investment in the Canadian hydrocarbon sector. It uses insights from the literature on the world order, international business, and international relations to examine the impact of SOE investment on a host country in the Western hemisphere. As I argue, the Canadian response to SOE’s investment has been on the cautionary side, which opens avenues for institutional innovation that leads to stricter regulations of SOEs’ FDI. As I propose, stricter regulations can be reinterpreted as an attempt to support liberal economic practices, yet may unintentionally have the opposite effect.

Does Good Governance Spur Economic Growth Outside the Hydrocarbon Sector? Empirical Evidence from Algeria (2002-2017)

The current study aims to investigate the impact of good governance variables on economic growth outside hydrocarbon sector (Real GDP growth in all other sectors except hydrocarbon) in Algeria, based on annual time series data over (2002-2017) using the (ARDL) approaches. The results show the significant effect of control corruption index(CC),and government effectiveness index(GE) on economic growth in Algeria in both short and long run ,while there is the absence of any significant effect of rule of law index(RL) on economic growth neither in the short nor long run.

Analysis of the factors that affect competitiveness of a supplier in the oil sector, in the state of Tabasco, generating a development proposal

Objective: To detect the factors which affect competitiveness of the hydrocarbon sector from the study context. In order to generate a proposal for the improvement of that sector. Methodology. Through working with experts, it is possible to interrelate information that allows visualizing in a global way the study problem. This is achieved through the study of the context variables (six), with support from the structural analysis scheme that will generate the four potential areas where the conflict zone, power zone, zone of autonomous problems and exit zone are located, allowing the clear detection of the incident factors. Results. Given the previous scheme and with an in-depth analysis, we propose a model that generates the strengthening of the key factors (power zone), also we search for a way to stabilize the factors of the zone of conflict; all this will consolidate the work of the type of organizations studied, enabling them to be competitive in a globalized environment.

De la reforma energética a los contratos de exploración y extracción de hidrocarburos

El presente capítulo abordará temas relacionados con los recursos y las reservas energéticas con las que cuenta el país, algunas de las razones por las que fue considerada necesaria la reforma energética –enfatizando la situación en producción e inversiones del sector hidrocarburos en el cual se encontraba nuestra nación–, aspectos principales que involucra la reforma energética y los principales acontecimientos referentes a su implementación, hasta llegar a los contratos que tiene ahora México en vigor.

Las consideraciones metodológicas para la evaluación de políticas y programas de energía en México

El presente artículo describe algunas consideraciones metodológicas para la evaluación de políticas y programas relacionados con el sector energético, en específico dentro del contexto del sistema de evaluación mexicano. Lo anterior se debe a que el sistema de evaluación de México no está diseñado para realizar evaluaciones ad hoc a los programas de energía, es decir, de aquellos relacionados con el sector eléctrico o de los hidrocarburos, sino para realizar evaluaciones cuyo interés principal es el componente social y, más específicamente, el de la reducción de la pobreza. Provocando un desajuste entre los elementos a observar en un programa social y un programa energético, cuyos fines, medios y elementos, entre otras cuestiones metodológicas, son muy diferentes, y en algunos casos contradictorios, a aquellos cuyo contenido es predominantemente social.

The Impact of the Tourism Sector on Economic Growth in Algeria: An Analytical and Econometric Study (1990-2014)

The tourism sector is characterized by rapid and large financial flows, as well as job opportunities that can solve the problem of unemployment prevalent in societies to achieve development. The article addresses the impact of tourism revenues on economic growth in Algeria using the VAR model and causation test in 1997-2014. The objective of our study is to evaluate the tourism activity of Algeria and analyze the relationship between it and some variables related to growth. Our results suggest that there is no significant effect on the growth and expressed by the local product, due to the neglect of the investments side of the tourism so that the Algerian economy remains dependent on the hydrocarbons sector.

The Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in Combination with PESTEL-SWOT Analysis to Assess the Hydrocarbons Sector in Cyprus

Natural gas reserves have been recently found offshore of Cyprus. Hence, a new energy sector is under development, creating potential for raised welfare for the small insular EU member. Several social and economic benefits could be achieved from the resources’ exploitation. However, natural gas is a non-renewable energy source, connected with the major environmental issues of fossil fuels. The research goal of this work was to evaluate the sustainability of the new hydrocarbons sector. This was attained using a set of indicators, developed from the combination of PESTEL (Political, Economic, Technical, Social, Environmental, Legal) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analyses. These were quantified using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting method. They were pairwise compared and evaluated, resulting to a size for each one. The judgements of four evaluators, representing diverse interested parties, were used. The strengths and opportunities of the sector were found to be more than the weaknesses and threats. The relevant indicators quantification demonstrates also that the value of the positives is higher than the negatives. Therefore, if the first are enhanced and the latter are mitigated, there is sustainability potential. The sectors environmental issues are evaluated as the most important, followed by the economic. The other takes lower but comparatively significant values, and must be handled accordingly. These results lead to useful conclusions and could be exploited for decision-making and policies formulation.

The impact of deregulation in the hydrocarbon sector: evidence at the main Spanish ports of import of hydrocarbons (19862013)

This study evaluates the impact of deregulation and the introduction of competition in the hydrocarbon sector on the efficiency of 11 Spanish ports of import of hydrocarbons. To this end, using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), an input-oriented distance model has been estimated for the 1986-2013 period. This paper contributes to the literature by establishing a direct correlation between the hydrocarbons' reforms and the change in port efficiency. The main conclusion was that Law 15/1992 and Law 34/1998 focused on the deregulation and the introduction of competition in the field of hydrocarbons have had a positive impact on the efficiency of the main Spanish ports of import of hydrocarbons.