In order to improve the separation and conveying effect of the potato excavator, this paper combines the intelligent simulation method to improve the design of the separation and conveying machinery and equipment of the potato excavator in the heavy soil, and selects the grid-type excavation shovel. The digging shovel can ensure the least amount of soil entering into the subsequent separation device without digging potatoes to the greatest extent, and reduce the load of the subsequent separation device. Moreover, the structural parameters of the shaking separation conveying system are designed in this paper, and the hydraulic transmission method is adopted, so that there is a flexible connection between the implement and the walking tractor, so that there is relative movement between the two. Through the inspection of the potato excavator separation and conveying mechanical equipment designed in this paper, it can be seen that the potato excavator separation and conveying mechanical equipment designed in this paper can play a certain role in the potato harvesting in heavy soil.