Configuration Of Hybrid System Research Articles

Optimal Hybrid PV-Battery-Diese Generator Energy System for the Oil Producing Communities in Niger-Delta, Nigeria: A Case Study

ABSTRACTOptimal configuration and design of a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV)-Battery-Diesel-Generator energy system has been proposed to power households in Omavovwe community in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. The configuration of the optimal hybrid system is selected based on the Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) top-ranked system configuration, according to the net present cost. An optimal system design delivers the best components alongside appropriate operating strategies to provide the most efficient, reliable cost-effective system possible. The system investigated reduces CO2 emissions by 25.72%/year. This will reduce costs imposed on CO2 emissions by future environmental legislation. The system has a better potential for providing the energy needs of the households considered in this article compared to a relatively high PV penetration (about 74%) as capital costs are reduced by 45.6%. It is observed that initiatives by the federal government of Nigeria (FGN) and the oil produc...

Optimal sizing of grid integrated hybrid PV‐biomass energy system using artificial bee colony algorithm

This study presents an optimal sizing methodology for a stand-alone and grid connected PV-biomass hybrid energy system that serves the electricity demand of a typical village. However, this method is scalable and can be used in any test system. A recently developed artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used to detect out the optimum hybrid system configuration with the least levelised cost of energy while minimising annualised cost of the system. It has been observed from the results that a grid connected hybrid PV-biomass system is cost effective and reliable choice for rural electrification as compared with stand-alone hybrid PV-biomass energy system. It has been emerged from this study that the proposed system offers reliable and affordable electricity in a sustainable way by harnessing locally available natural resources. A brief comparison of results obtained from the ABC algorithm and hybrid optimisation model for electric renewable (HOMER) has been carried out. Moreover, it is also observed from the results that the ABC algorithm provides better results as compared with HOMER.

Analysis of fixed tilt and sun tracking photovoltaic–micro wind based hybrid power systems

In this study fixed tilt and sun tracking photovoltaic based micro wind hybrid power systems are analyzed along with determining the optimum configurations for a 6kWp roof mounted micro wind based hybrid system using fixed and tracking photovoltaic systems to enhance the power generation potential in a low windy Indian hilly terrain with good solar resource. The main objective of the study is to enhance power generation by focusing on photovoltaic component of the hybrid system. A comparative power generation analysis of different configurations of hybrid systems with fixed tilt, monthly optimum tilt, yearly optimum tilt and 6 different sun tracking photovoltaic systems is carried out using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables. Monthly and seasonal optimum tilt angles determined for the location vary between 0° and 60° with annual optimum tilt angle as 29.25°. The optimum configurations for all sun tracking systems except for the two axis tracking system is found to be 7kWp photovoltaic system, one 5kWp wind turbine, 10 batteries and a 2kWp inverter. The optimum configuration for two axis tracking system and two types of fixed tilt systems, is found to be a 8kWp photovoltaic system, one 5kWp wind turbine, 10 batteries and a 2kWp inverter. The results show that horizontal axis with monthly adjustment, horizontal axis with daily adjustment, horizontal axis with continuous adjustment and two axis tracking system generate 4.88–26.29% more energy per year than the existing fixed tilt photovoltaic system. The cost of energy is found to be more for two axis tracking than all tracking systems and fixed tilted photovoltaic system. However, two axis tracking is found to be more advantageous than other systems despite higher costs to maximize power output of the hybrid systems. The methodology followed can be applied to improve the power generation potential of photovoltaic–micro wind based hybrid systems for any location worldwide.

Reverse Osmosis–Pressure Retarded Osmosis hybrid system: Modelling, simulation and optimization

Theoretical analysis of energy harvesting from concentrated brine of Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) system using Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) is presented in this research. The mathematical model of SWRO–PRO hybrid system components such as SWRO unit, Energy Recovery Device (ERD), PRO unit and other auxiliary units were discussed. The mathematical equations were solved adapting an object oriented “Modelica language” framework in Dymola software tool. The complex flowsheet models for six different SWRO–PRO hybrid configurations were created. The performance of the SWRO–PRO hybrid system configurations was studied. The process and design parameters were optimized to reduce the Net Specific Energy Consumption (NSEC) of the system. The optimization studies were performed using SQP technique that is available in optimization library of Dymola. The possibility of using sea water (32,000g/m3) and urban waste water (100–10,000g/m3) as feed solution to the PRO for all the hybrid configurations were studied. Their performances were compared through simulation and optimization studies. Among the six potentially viable SWRO–PRO configurations, the one which does the direct mixing of diluted PRO draw outlet with feed water of SWRO aided to bring down the NSEC by 49% in comparison with standard SWRO desalination system. This system does not require additional ERD units and turbine at optimized process conditions, which are more expensive.

A Power Management Strategy for Hybrid Photovoltaic Diesel System with Battery Storage

This paper proposes a DC-AC-linked hybrid diesel/photovoltaic (PV)/battery storage system for stand-alone applications. PV is the primary power source. A diesel engine is used as a backup and a battery as storage device. An overall power management strategy is designed to manage power flows among the different energy sources and the storage unit. A configuration of diesel-engine generator and photovoltaic hybrid systems is evaluated based on technical constraints. A sizing of different component is established. A simulation model for the hybrid energy system has been developed. The system performance under different scenarios has been verified by carrying out studies using a load demand profile.

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Repowering Options for a Small-size Combined Cycle with Concentrating Solar Power Technology

The increasing penetration of low-carbon technologies and enhancements in fossil-fuelled power plants efficiency are some of the most important and up to date research topics.Renewable energy, in particular solar, has the potential of meeting the world energy needs while addressing environmental concerns, but technological advances in renewable energy electricity production are necessary to become competitive with conventional technologies.New opportunities to increase the penetration of renewables energies, smoothing out renewables variability and intermittency problems, come out from the hybridization concept. Hybrid renewable-fossil fuel systems join the advantages of both renewable energies and programmable devices. Among all the renewable technologies available for hybridization, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) with parabolic trough is the most diffused because of its relatively conventional technology and ease of scale-up. CSP hybrids are well established worldwide, predominantly with natural gas: the hybridization options for CSP ranging from feed water heating, reheat steam, live steam to steam superheating.Based on a detailed thermodynamic cycle model of a reference small-size one pressure level Combined Cycle (CC) plant, the impact of CSP addition is thoroughly evaluated. Different hybrid schemes are evaluated and compared considering CC off-design operation. The goal of this study is to evaluate, from a thermodynamic point of view, three repowering options of a small-size CC with a CSP system in a hybrid system configuration and to quantify their potential benefits in terms of system's performance increase. In particular, the optimal size of CSP plant is shown for each investigated hybrid repowering options. The changes in CC steam cycle operating parameters are presented together with CC performance increase. It is shown that solar hybridization into an existing CC plant may give rise to a substantial benefit from a thermodynamic point of view.

Hybrid renewable power supply for rural health clinics (RHC) in six geo-political zones of Nigeria

The potentials of major renewable energy sources (wind and solar) in selected locations across the six geo-political regions of Nigeria, based on long-term daily meteorological data spanning between 18 and 39years were reviewed in this study. In addition, the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel with battery storage systems to meet the load of a typical rural healthcare facility at the selected sites were assessed. The optimum dimensions of the system are defined for the locations. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) was employed to conduct the study. Findings from the study showed that Sokoto and Jos exist in the high wind potential regions, while the remain sites are only suitable for small wind applications. Values obtained for global, beam and diffuse radiation as well as clearness index, show that all the sites enjoy considerable solar energy potential suitable for varying degree of solar energy applications. Monthly optimum tilt angle for Iseyin, Sokoto, Maiduguri, Jos, Enugu and Port-Harcourt lies in the range of 0–39.8°, 0–44.5°, 0–44.1°, 0–43.2°, 0–38.5° and 0–36.3° respectively thereby having the optimum angle to be equal to 0° in all sites in April, May, June, July and August. The simulation results from HOMER indicate that the hybrid system is the best option for all the sites considered in this study. The PV/wind/diesel/battery hybrid system configuration is considered optimum for RHC applications at Sokoto, Maiduguri, Jos and Enugu, while hybrid systems involving PV/diesel/battery is considered ideal for RHC at remote locations within Iseyin and Port-Harcourt, due to the quality of renewable energy potential. The diesel-only system provides the highest COE ($0.911/kWh), and emits 9211kg of CO2 per year in all the site considered.

Preconcentration of elements as hydrophobic complexes with low-polar adsorbents

Data on the adsorption preconcentration of elements as hydrophobic complexes on nonpolar and low-polar adsorbents are reviewed and systematized. It is shown that inorganic (most often octadecyl silica), organic polymer (polytetrafluoroethylene and its analogues, styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers, polyurethane, cellulose), and carbon matrices (activated carbon, expanded graphite, fullerenes) are used for the extraction of elements in such systems. The “flexibility” of such preconcentration systems is demonstrated: impregnated and adsorption-modified adsorbents can be obtained, elements can be extracted as pre-synthesized synthesized hydrophobic complexes, and the desorption of elements can be performed with the destruction of such complexes or without it. It is shown that the large number of similar preconcentration systems enable the creation of effective configurations of hybrid and combined systems for analyzing various samples.

Vapor permeation–distillation hybrid processes for cost-effective isopropanol dehydration: modeling, simulation and optimization

This study reports the advantages of a cost-effective unit process using a hybrid distillation and vapor permeation unit for isopropanol dehydration. The feasibility of numerous hybrid membrane distillation schemes for isopropanol dehydration was evaluated by simulation and optimization in Aspen Plus. A built-in model for a membrane separation system was proposed by developing a mathematical model in an Aspen Custom Modeler and integrating it simultaneously with an Aspen Plus. The output results of the rigorous membrane models were consistent with the experimental data from the literature. The influence of the decisive operational parameters, which will be used as an optimization variable to examine the different configurations of hybrid systems, was analyzed. Furthermore, this study also employed the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the economical calculation and find the best design for the desired product. The RSM optimization effectively connected the interception of the optimizing variables and its predictions agreed well with the results of rigorous simulations. The most significant savings in the total costs could be achieved by applying a distillation–vapor permeation configuration (approximately 77% compared to azeotropic distillation). Therefore, it is economically beneficial to employ distillation–vapor permeation over the previously proposed hybrid systems of the distillation–pervaporation and distillation–pervaporation–distillation.

Optimum design of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for an office building

Although much attention has been paid to the utilization of hybrid renewable energy systems for either commercial buildings or residential ones, rare studies dealt with the application of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems for commercial buildings. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the techno-economic performance of a stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind-battery system for an office building located in Tehran, Iran. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables model was used to investigate the optimal design options and the techno-economic viability of the hybrid renewable energy system installed in that building. The proposed hybrid system based on renewable resources was designed to electrify the restrooms of the building. An optimal system configuration was chosen based on the total net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). The simulation results demonstrated that the optimum structure for the hybrid system for the primary load demand of 5.6 kW h per day, consists of 3 kW PV modules, 1 kW wind turbine, 1 kW inverter, and sixteen 200 A h batteries. The total NPC of such a system was estimated to be $21 132, while the COE was $1.543 per kW h. In addition, the proposed hybrid energy system could provide 2733 kW h additional electricity to the office building. Furthermore, in the last part of this research, a sensitivity analysis for different parameters such as primary load, wind speed, global solar radiation, interest rate, total NPC, cost of electricity, number of batteries and total electrical production was performed to demonstrate and elaborate the effect of each decision variable on the configuration of the optimum hybrid system. It became clear that two hybrid system configurations, i.e., PV-Wind-Battery and PV-Battery systems, are suggested as the most economical and feasible alternatives and have wide range of usage for different load demand values. Additionally based on the change in the initial design parameters such as wind speed, global solar radiation, load demand, and the real interest rate, a comparison between these two hybrid systems in terms of the total NPC, COE, electrical production, excess electricity, and grid extension distance has been made to investigate the effect of each decision variable on the optimal combination and the techno-economic viability of the hybrid renewable energy system.

Design the Balance of System (BOS) for Photovoltaic Application at CERE Building for Low Load Application: An Application of HOMER Pro

The reliable renewable energy systems will effective when the optimal output can be achieved. This paper presents a design of the BOS system at the CERE building for low load application. The entire system is being optimized by HOMER Pro software represented the effectiveness system. The HOMER Pro produced the optimal and economic hybrid system configuration. The result indicated the capacity of the PV array is 0.6 kW, 4 units of 1 kWh lead-acid battery and 0.3 kW of inverter was selected to complete the system. The impact of the ambient temperature also has been analysed. The total electrical energy production reduced with considering temperature coefficient. An optimization produced productive configuration over the system lifetime.

Sizing Algorithm for a PV-battery-H2-hybrid System Employing Particle Swarm Optimization

Thepaper presents a new concept for the optimal design of autonomous energy supply systems based on a photovoltaic plant, a battery and a hydrogen storage path (PV-battery-H2-hybrid system) with the focus on the optimal sizing of therated power and the capacity of all system components. For this purpose a multi-criteria objective function (combining installation and operating costsas well as componentlifetime) and multiple constrains (e.g. security of supply) are considered. The basic characteristics and the complexity of the resulting solutionspace of the optimization problem are described as a function of the sizing and energy management parameters. For the minimization of the objective function a particle swarm algorithm was employed. The paper presents the implementation of the algorithm and simulation results for an example hybrid system configuration. The behaviour of the particle swarm is investigated for different scenarios. Results demonstrate excellent computational speed and accuracy compared to other optimization methods.

독립형 하이브리드발전시스템 최적설계에 관한 연구

The majority of electric power in the domestic manned islands with off-grid power system is supplied by the diesel generators. However, in the case of off-grid islands the fuel cost is more expensive to inland areas and difficult to transport them to islands. So the development of renewable energy system using natural resource have been recently introduced. But renewable energy that depend on the natural environment, it is necessary to organized the hybrid system with existing diesel engine because the energy is difficult to maintain stable electric power. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of hybrid system with energy storage system such as wind, solar, battery and diesel engine. The study included off-grid island as the Seogeochado islands located in Jeolanamdo Province. And, the paper proposed a optimal capacity of hybrid system configuration to maintain carbon free with minimum investment cost. the analysis of economic adaptability performed by HOMER program.

Hybrid System for Photovoltaic Power Generation and Power Quality Control

In this paper, a hybrid system to carry out the function of photovoltaic power generation and power quality control simultaneously was proposed. The configuration and principle of the hybrid system were discussed firstly, and then the mathematical model of the hybrid system was presented. To realize the compound function, a deadbeat compound control strategy was proposed. In the compound control strategy, the calculation method of the reference signal is proposed to achieve reactive power and harmonic detection, active signal for grid-connected electricity generating and DC-side voltage maintaining; to improve the dynamic response and decrease the steady-state error of the hybrid system, deadbeat compound control method was proposed. The new hybrid system is implemented in a 10kVA prototype in the laboratory. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed hybrid system can effectively stabilize photovoltaic power generation, reactive power compensation, and harmonic elimination.

Economic analysis of PV/diesel hybrid system with flywheel energy storage

This paper analyzes a hybrid energy system performance with photovoltaic (PV) and diesel systems as the energy sources. The hybrid energy system is equipped with flywheel to store excess energy from the PV. HOMER software was employed to study the economic and environmental benefits of the system with flywheels energy storage for Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The analysis focused on the impact of utilizing flywheel on power generation, energy cost, and net present cost for certain configurations of hybrid system. Analyses on fuel consumption and carbon emission reductions for the system configurations were also presented in this paper.

English

Economic and geopolitical limitation on global non-renewable energy supplies will force many nations, especially the developing countries, to accelerate their use of local renewable energy sources. The study reveals the research referring to the optimal configuration and Intelligent Control of Hybrid System. The system uses Renewable Energy i.e. Photovoltaic Cells, Biomass, Wind Energy, Small Hydro Power, etc. in association with the National Grid System and Diesel Generators. These independent renewable energy systems have become much popular due to increase in the cost of conventional sources of energy and reduction in the prices of Solar PV panels, wind turbines and Biomass system. This study presents a system in which a common junction is formed with different sources of energy in order to attain most economical output having the least operating cost. Artificial Intelligent System is basically used as an intelligent control managing system for optimizing the integrated system that prioritizes the sources in the order they should be connected to the load. The control system reads the load voltage and frequency and determines an error depending on how high or low is the voltage and frequency. Finally on the basis of the droop characteristics, the error is then processed by the fuzzy system to give an output that is used to determine which sources need to be connected to the load. The outcome of the proposed technique validates that the developed system would be dexterous mechanism yielding an economical solution on one hand and increase in renewable energy contribution on the other.

Hybrid System Configurations and Charging Strategies for Isolated Electric Tuk-Tuk Charging Station in South Africa

Abstract — The success of renewable powered electric vehicle charging station in isolated areas depends highly on the availability and sustainability of renewable resources all year round at a selected location. The main focus of this paper is to discuss the possible charging strategies that could be implemented to find the best possible configuration of an electric Tuk-Tuk charging station at a given location within South Africa. The charging station is designed, modeled and simulated to evaluate its performances. The techno-economic analysis of different feasible supply configurations of the charging station using renewable energies is simulated using HOMER software and the results compared in order to select the best possible charging strategies in terms of cost of energy consumed. Keywords — Electric Tuk-Tuk, Renewable energy, Energy Storage, Hybrid systems, HOMER.I. I NTRODUCTION OUTH AFRICA’s population as well as the economy has grown significantly in recent years, so the demand for passenger transport, electricity as well as private vehicle, water and sanitation has also increased. And it is a well-known factor that the countries transportation sector is facing significant challenges, with the vast majority of rural and township occupants relying on public transport, making this form of transport a critical tool for getting the workforce to and from work. Transportation sector is one of the largest consumers of energy in South Africa and it is vital for economic development, hence making the provision of affordable, safe and reliable transportation of goods and people critical to the development of the country [1], [2]. However traditional ways of transport with combustion engines that rely on fuel will prove to be unsustainable in future because of their carbon foot print and the country’s economy, due to the ongoing reliance on imported fuel since most of country’s imported fuel fossil is used mainly in the electricity generation and transportation sector [3]. Tuk-Tuks are portable and reliable three-wheeled vehicles which have been used for over 60 years in Asian, European, Central American, South American and in some African countries, and where introduced to South African roads due to their efficiency, stylistic simplicity, low oil consumption,

Estimation of Hydrogen and Electrical Energy Production by Using Solar and Wind Resources for a Residential Building from Romania

This paper illustrates the results of analysis of the technical potential for hydrogen production and providing electrical energy by fuel cell for residential consumer, through a system that has the basic components such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines generator, electrolyser and fuel cell. The study estimates the production of hydrogen and electrical energy of this hybrid system for five different areas of Romania, using the following parameters: daily global solar irradiations on horizontal plane and wind speed. Analysis of hydrogen production by using solar and wind resources and ensuring electrical energy by fuel cell, that resulting from proposed autonomous hybrid system was performed through the performance indicators as follows: electrolyser operating time, energy consumed by the electrolyser and hydrogen production, respectively fuel cell operation time and the electrical energy obtained. The objectives of this study include the development and simulation testing of the best situations (methods) for producing hydrogen and ensuring electrical energy by fuel cells from hybrid renewable resources available in Romania. The results show that the use of such systems for hydrogen production and electricity insurance to residential building is relatively advantageous, the total annual production of hydrogen is estimated to be around 77,87 m³ and the total annual electrical energy delivered by fuel cell is estimated to be around 779 kWh, also the equipment components that will make the best configuration of the hybrid system are dependent on the availability of renewable resources.

Predictive Dispatch Across Time of Hybrid Isolated Power Systems

The paper proposes a methodology for the optimal dispatch of energy sources in hybrid and isolated energy systems. The proposed approach is based on the formulation and solution of a nonlinear discrete optimization problem aimed at optimizing input and output time trajectories for a set of combined generating and storage technologies. Loads and interruptible loads are among controlled variables, and are modeled according to their interruption costs. The approach is general enough to be applied to any hybrid system configuration and was developed having in mind the complex hybrid system architectures comprising several competing storage technologies (battery, pumping, and hydrogen). Test results are aimed at showing the feasibility of the proposed methodology, comparing optimal trajectories to suboptimal system behavior given by load-following strategies.

Design and simulation of a solar–wind–biogas hybrid system architecture using HOMER in India

The renewable energy sources are accompanied by certain constraints as reliability, availability and continuous generation. In India, biomass is considered as the second best suitable combination with other renewable energy sources. Both solar and wind are undependable renewable energies as they are unpredictable. Now the key to successful renewable energy harvesting lies in the selection of hybrid system architecture for power generation. In rural areas, light is usually unavailable and if it does, it is mostly an incandescent light used for household lighting instead of fluorescent. System reliability, economy and environmental issues are the three major issues for decentralised electrification. So, finding the best suited hybrid system configuration to overcome these constraints is the need of the hour. It is at this stage that HOMER comes into the picture. HOMER, abbreviated name of hybrid optimization model for electric renewable, successfully realises system configuration before its installation and works for on-grid, off-grid and stand-alone systems, which make it useful for rural to urban applications. It simulates and optimises the best suitable solution for a hybrid system and generates reports incorporating all the aspects in designing a system. Here, a typical hybrid system is considered and the implementation of HOMER software has been incorporated.