Matrix Hybrid Composites Research Articles

Water absorption studies of pineapple leaf fiber/nano rice husk powder reinforced epoxy matrix hybrid composites

In recent years, various experimental work on reinforced composites natural resources has been successfully carried out. This research focused on water absorption and bio composites from the treatment and untreated Pineapple Leaf Fiber in an epoxy resin matrix that will strengthen nano-rice husk particles. The reinforcement and filler material had different weight percentages for the production of hybrid composite specimens, while the epoxy resin matrix was constant. We employed traditional handmade techniques and effectively produced the same process for hybrid composite boards. For water absorption testing hybrid biocomposite specimens were prepared for experimental results in conformity to the ASTM standards. Epoxy resin matrix hybrid composite specimens, incorporated reinforced nano-rice husk particles, have been absorbed and are comparable to the water absorption of pineapple fibre. Experimental evidence suggests that pineapple leaf fibre samples treated chemically have a higher water absorption performance than untreated pineapple (24 Wt. per cent), which has high levels of composite husk nano-rice (6 Wt. per cent).

Stirring Squeeze of Aluminium Alloy metal matrix composites using optimal prediction process

Aluminum is regarded as a widely used material for manufacturing components in the industrial and other manufacturing sectors due to the necessity for lightweight and strong materials. But over the years, aluminium materials have been studied in an effort to improve their mechanical characteristics. Due to the incorporation of reinforcements, hybrid matrix composites are thus introduced to enhance the mechanical properties. In this study, nanoscale reinforcing particles are used to prepare an aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite. Aluminum is regarded as an effective manufacturing material, and metal production involves multiple levels of hybridization. In the current study, titanium carbide, aluminium oxide, and silicon nitride nanoparticles hybridise with aluminium alloy 2219 with 94 % of the original material. The proposed reinforced material is produced using the stirring-squeeze casting process, an innovative type of casting that is used to construct the reinforcements. The benefit of this squeeze casting method is that it has a lower defect rate than traditional casting methods. After fabrication, mechanical testing is done to check the manufactured specimens' qualities under loading circumstances. With an intender ball of 5 mm diameter and a 250 kg loading condition, the material's tensile strength and hardness are tested on a universal testing equipment. One of the simplest ways to determine the error rate of a result from experiments using machine learning is to use the statistical approach of analysis. So, in order to improve the mechanical properties, this research develops a statistical analytic method for optimising the process parameters. For optimising the stirring-squeeze casting process's process parameters, the meta-heuristic method is proposed. Finally, the comparison of experimental and expected results brings the result to a close. According to the comparison's findings, the suggested material composition has the highest level of mechanical qualities for producing components in a real-world setting.

Prediction of mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites synthesized using Stir casting process by Machine learning

In recent days, aluminium based hybrid metal matrix composites (Al-HMMC) is heavily demanding in aerospace and marine industry due to its enriched mechanical properties. Al7075 and Al6061 aluminium alloy are most widely used as a base matrix in Al-HMMC and stir casting method is an efficient process to manufacture them. The mechanical properties of Al-HMMC depend on material parameters and fabrication process parameters. Effecting parameters were identified based on a thorough literature review, and they include material parameters such as different types of matrix, reinforcements, and their weight percentages and sizes, as well as fabrication process (Stir Casting) parameters such as stirring speed, stirring time, and reinforcement mixing temperature. To achieve desirable results of hybrid composite materials from stir casting method, it requires high experimental cost and time. To overcome these limitations, machine learning and artificial intelligence are emerging tools, which utilize probabilistic and statistical methods to learn from the past experience based upon the experimental data to predict more accurate outcomes. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a machine learning model that can predict mechanical properties accurately. Experimental data of mechanical properties of aluminium HMMC has been collected and then used for training and testing of different machine learning models. Decision tree regression model showed maximum accuracy of 92.029 % on dataset for prediction of Ultimate Tensile strength (UTS) of Al-HMMC. The UTS of two samples of Al-HMMC with Al7075 and Al6061 as base matrix were predicted from decision tree model and compared with actual experimental values with an error < 10%.

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of stir cast Al-SiC/Flyash/Graphite hybrid metal matrix composite

Aluminium is one of the most commonly used material in manufacturing industries. Hybrid aluminium matrix composite have recently received a lot of attention recently in the aviation, aerospace, and automotive industries to meet the advance engineering challenges. The present study focus on fabricating aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites using AA6061 as a matrix material and a novel combination of Silicon Carbide (SiC), Flyash and Graphite (Gr) as reinforcing materials by employing stir casting process. Mechanical properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation and hardness were evaluated for the developed composite specimens in accordance with ASTM standards. The metallography of the developed composite was assessed by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fabricated composite disclosed fine grain structure as compared to the as cast aluminium alloy. The hardness of developed composite increased due to the presence of brittle and hard reinforcement particles into the matrix material. The developed composite has a higher tensile strength which may be attributed to the load transmission from the matrix material to the reinforcing particles.

Wear Behavior and FESEM Analysis of LM 25 Alloy MMHCs Reinforced with FE3O4 and Gr by Utilizing Taguchi’s Technique

The current research is concerned with the production of an LM25‐FE3O4—Gr metal matrix hybrid composites (MMHCs) and the analysis of its dry sliding wear conditions. The hybrid composites were made out of 3 wt% Fe3O4 and 4 wt% Gr particles with a mesh size of 200 meshes and were made using the stir casting method. Wear test on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal arrays employs three process parameters: load, sliding velocity, and distance, each changed for three levels on a pin‐on‐disc tester position. The wear behavior of hybrid composite was investigated using loads of 20 N, 40 N, and 60 N; velocities of 2 m/s, 4 m/s, and 6 m/s; and distances of 1,000 m, 2,000 m, and 3,000 m. The major parameters were developed utilizing the signal‐to‐noise ratio by selecting “smaller‐is‐better” wear rates and COF features. FESEM was used to look at the worn surfaces of the composite specimen in order to determine the wear mechanism. Wear properties are enhanced in materials having aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites. According to the ANOVA table, the load parameter has the greatest impact on wear resistance and coefficient of friction, with maximum load values of 35.64 N and 5.782 N, respectively.

Effect of nano alumina powder and water hyacinth stem powder addition on tensile properties of polypropylene matrix hybrid composites – An experimental study

Many traditional metals and materials have been replaced in modern engineering by polymers reinforced with natural and artificial components. With the advantages of natural resources reinforced polymers over conventional materials, this is possible. At a lower energy cost per unit, natural resources reinforced polymer composites are both light and rigid. However, the strength of these composites is barely perceptible. Somewhat quantity of nano alumina powder has been added to the existing fibre polymer composites in various weight ratios in an effort to enhance their mechanical properties. Experimentally, three examples of hybrid polymer composites are made utilising injection moulding machines employing polypropylene, nano alumina, and water hyacinth stem powder. All specimens were manufactured in accordance with ASTM standards and tested for tensile properties following the fabrication procedure.

Impacts of carbon nano tubes (CNT) and boron carbide (B4C) particles on material properties of al 6061

In recent years, conventional materials are replaced with composites in particular aluminium were developed for enhanced material performance such as light weight, high strength and wear resistance etc. In this paper, aluminium hybrid metal-matrix composites (AHMC) are fabricated by stir casting technique with different compositions of carbon nano tubes (CNT) and boron carbide (B4C). This research work reports the tensile strength, wear behaviour, micro structural analysis of different specimens (Al 6061 with 3% CNT & 3% B4C, Al 6061 with 5% CNT & 3% B4C, Al 6061 with 7% CNT & 3% B4C & Al 6061 with 9% CNT & 3% B4C). From these four specimens, tensile strength and the hardness of the specimen 4 is 250 MPa and 52.692 BHN respectively. By comparing the values, specimen 4 gives higher value. In addition, EDAX analysis clearly ensures the even distribution of reinforcements in different specimens. The improvements in strength are noticed when increasing the composition of CNT in Al6061 hybrid matrix composites.

Mechanical Behavior Modelling and Filler Geometry Effect of Glass Filler Reinforced Starch-Epoxy Hybrid Matrix Composites.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the inclusion geometry and concentration effect on the quasi-static properties of a starch-epoxy hybrid matrix composite. The composites investigated consisted of a starch-epoxy hybrid matrix reinforced with four different glass inclusions such as 3 mm long chopped strands, 0.2 mm long short glass fibers, glass beads (120 μm in diameter) and glass bubbles (65 μm in diameter) at different concentrations. The flexural modulus and the strength of all materials tested were determined using three-point bending tests. The Property Prediction Model (PPM) was applied to predict the experimental findings. The model predicted remarkably well the mechanical behavior of all the materials manufactured and tested. The maximum value of the flexural modulus in the case of the 3 mm long chopped strands was found to be 75% greater than the modulus of the hybrid matrix. Furthermore, adding glass beads in the hybrid matrix led to a simultaneous increase in both the flexural modulus and the strength.

Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Al7075 Matrix Hybrid Composites Produced by Friction Stir Processing: Optimization of Process Parameters

Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Al7075 Matrix Hybrid Composites Produced by Friction Stir Processing: Optimization of Process Parameters

Analysis of Some Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Matrix Composites Reinforced by Linen Fabric. Orthopaedic Applications

Great interest has been shown lately in bio-composite materials because they are inexpensive and sustainable. Composites with matrices and natural reinforcers have been little studied. Here, we study certain mechanical properties of composite materials with a Dammar-based matrix (also named hybrid matrix) and flax fabric reinforcement. To be precise, we examine three types of resins where Dammar is the major component, with a volume proportion of 55%, 65% and 75%. In this respect, we have made composite materials reinforced by two types of flax fabric and we have measured the characteristic curves and some mechanical properties, such as the Young�s modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break using tensile tests. Based on the obtained properties, it is proposed or possible to use these materials in orthopedics.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Stress Intensity Factor of Nano Boron Carbide Hybrid Al2219 Composites with MoS2

The current work emphasizes on study of influence of heat treatment on Stress Intensity factor (KIC) of Al alloy matrix hybrid composites. Hybrid composites with a constant Nano B4C content of 3 weight % and MoS2 of 4 weight % as reinforcements to Al2219 alloy matrix are fabricated by using two step stir casting technique and tested for Stress Intensity factor and fracture toughness as per ASTM standards. One set of composites are subjected to T6 type heat treatment. Compact Tension (CT) Specimen were prepared using wire EDM process and tested in BISS Axial Universal Testing Machine to find Stress Intensity factor (KIC). From this study stability of crack propagation under mode-I failure is analyzed. Results show generous increment in energy required to open the crack and crack propagation is delayed in heat treated composites when compared to non-heat treated composites and furthermore improvement in fracture toughness of the heat treated specimen over non-heat treated specimen.

Attainment of high specific hardness and specific modulus in spark plasma sintered aluminium‐copper‐silicon carbide‐titanium carbide hybrid composite

AbstractAluminium matrix hybrid composites have been consolidated effectively by spark plasma sintering with new combinations of reinforcement and high volume percentage of ceramic particulates to maximize specific hardness and specific modulus through the powder metallurgy route. The aforementioned techno‐scientific accomplishment with regard to metal matrix composite aims to meet a continuous increase in the global demand for a material with minimum structural weight and high‐modulus for structural (automotive and aerospace) applications. The new aluminium based hybrid composite developed by incorporating ceramic particulate reinforcements (12.5 wt.% silicon carbide and 12.5 wt.% titanium carbide) along with 22.5 wt.% copper as the metallic reinforcement attains significantly high specific hardness (85 HV/gcm−3), specific Young's modulus (33.56 GPa/g cm−3), specific bulk modulus (27.97 GPa/g cm−3) when compared with the reported range of specific hardness (13 HV/g cm−3–89 HV/g cm−3), specific Young's modulus (24 GPa/g cm−3–27 GPa/g cm−3) and specific bulk modulus (20 GPa/g cm−3–22 GPa/g cm−3) possessed by structural steels. This is accredited to the genesis of a novel microstructure that consists of fine copper, silicon carbide and titanium carbide particulates together with a nominal in‐situ originated aluminium‐copper equilibrium phases distributed in a highly substructured aluminium based matrix with a significant dislocation density (7.56 ⋅ 1014 m‐2).

Effect of short carbon fiber/SiC on tribological properties of aluminium matrix hybrid composites

This research study was carried out to combine the benefits of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and short carbon fiber (CF) as reinforcements in the aluminum matrix to develop the composites for automotive applications. The powder metallurgy (PM) technique was used to fabricate five samples with different compositions. Linear wear, coefficient of friction, density, and Vickers hardness of the samples were determined and compared. The sample with 6 wt.% CF and 10 wt.% SiC was found to have the optimal properties. It was observed that the linear wear was 52.32% less and the hardness was 14.58% more than the base metal.

Tensile and impact strength of alpaca fiber epoxy matrix hybrid composites prepared by injection moulding process

Today, there are many more applications for fibre reinforced polymer composites than there were for metals and alloys a few decades ago. Numerous research projects have focused on improving the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials, especially when reinforced with environmentally friendly, recyclable, and biodegradable materials. This study combined alpaca fibre (AF), palm seed filler (PSF), and polypropylene (PP) to create composites that have improved properties over traditional polymer composites. Fiber loadings of 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, and 10 percent and filler loadings of 15, 10, and 5 percent were used to prepare the alpaca fiber/palm seed filler polypropylene (PP) composites using a conventional injection moulding technique (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt. percent ). Hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the hybrid bio-composites were evaluated experimentally. The results showed that 15 lbs. For example, epoxy matrix composites have tensile and flexural strengths of 62 MPa, as well as hardness and impact strengths of 54 and 17.9 kJ/m2, respectively.

Synergistic effects of TiC and graphene on the microstructure and tribological properties of Al2024 matrix composites

Al matrix composites have attracted significant attention of researchers in recent years due to their lightweight, excellent mechanical and tribological properties. In this study, an Al2024 matrix hybrid composite (AMHC) reinforced with both TiC nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was produced via a route of powder metallurgy. And its microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties are compared with those of unreinforced Al2024 alloy matrix and Al2024 matrix composites reinforced with either only TiC or GNPs. It was found that the distribution of Al2Cu, TiC nanoparticles and GNPs in the matrix and the wear resistance are significantly improved when introducing both TiC nanoparticles and the GNPs. The wear mechanisms change from the adhesion-dominant wear for Al2024 and the other singly reinforced composites into abrasive-dominant wear for the hybrid composite. The significantly improved wear resistance of the AMHC is attributed to the synergistic effects of reinforcing and self-lubricating of the TiC and GNPs.

Behavior of epoxy reinforced banana glass fiber hybrid composite with nanoclay interference

Recent years, Polymer matrix hybrid composites have a greater attention in industry and research due to growing demand for versatile applications. The present work focused on the development of epoxy based hybrid nanocomposites. Nanoclay is another novel material that is widely used in the research. In this investigation, nanoclay dispersed hybrid composite materials has been studied for mechanical and wear behavior. Glass fiber and banana fiber combined epoxy laminates (EGB) were reinforced with nanoclay at different weight fractions of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% using compression moulding. The enhanced properties of the nanoclay hybrid composites were analyzed with other specimens. Water absorption character study was also conducted. Morphological study was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope. It was observed that an optimum result attained with 4 wt% nanoclay reinforced composite with an increase in tensile strength of 8.62%, flexural strength of 30.19%, and impact strength of 48.15% when compared to EGB. Further the wear resistance of 4 wt% nanoclay hybrid composite showed an increase of 19.4% than the EGB composite.

Multi -Response optimization of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) process parameter for Aluminum based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite using GRA

Aluminum based hybrid metal composite (MMC) have been applied to many various applications in the area of automobiles and aerospace. This research article shows the multi-response optimization of EDM of process parameter for Aluminum based metal matrix hybrid composite (Aluminum 6061/Al2O/TiO2). The optimum process parameter of EDM as like pulse on time (Ton), current (Ip), duty cycle (t), voltage (V) on material removal rate and surface roughness were investigated. Hybrid Aluminum metal matrix composite was machined by using tool which is made of copper materials, of ϕ12 mm for experimentation. The mechanical stirring procedure is used to fabricate the hybrid MMC. The design of experiments was conduct through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental result declares that the main influencing input parameter is current.

WITHDRAWN: Experimental investigation of machining conditions on Surface Roughness in WEDM of Aluminum hybrid composite by RSM

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a one of the modern unconventional method for profile cutting of metal matrix composites (MMC). A method has been tried to evaluate the impact of control factors in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) viz., duration of pulse on time, wire tension and feed, pulse off duration on surface roughness (Ra) of aluminum metal matrix hybrid composites (AMMHC). The AMMHC was developed through liquid casting approach by addition of graphite and Al2O3 in the matrix of Al6061. In this work, to conduct experiments a Box-Behnken design (BBD) design was adopted for parametric optimizing of WEDM process. Minimizing Ra was calculated with help of response tables & graphs, ANOVA results and 3-D surface plots. The experimental results were validated with confirmation tests which have been conducted and the outcomes were observed to be in better correlation with findings from experimentations.

Low velocity impact behaviour of surface treated glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix hybrid composites

This task is intended to perform impact tests with a low-speed test on the specimen. The tests are carried out to improve their tolerance of impact so that they can be used for realistic applications in the real world. The specimen is treated with acid and a base for one day. By the hand-laying method, the specimen shall be prepared. Microscopy of the electron scanning is carried out in order to receive data on the surface topography of the affected specimen. Various low speed experiments have been evaluated in this paper.

Mechanical properties and dimensional stability of jute/VER-isocyanate hybrid matrix composites

Some composites of alkali treated jute fibers and vinylester-isocyanate/urethane hybrid resin were fabricated. The mechanical, thermo-mechanical, fractographic and aging behavior of these composites were studied and compared with the parent vinylester resin (VER) matrix composites. Using hybrid resin matrix, the impact strength of jute composites was increased by ∼20% over the VER matrix composites. It was, however, accompanied by the marginal improvement in their tensile and flexural properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed increased storage modulus and broadened tan δ peak when VER-isocyanate hybrid resin was used as a matrix material compared with the parent VER matrix in jute composites showing its superior stiffness and flexibility. In humid environment, a decrease in the weight gain and swelling thickness was observed for VER-isocyanate hybrid matrix jute composites after 60 days exposure when compared with the parent VER matrix composites. Under accelerated water aging, the drop of 12–24% in the tensile strength was noticed for VER-isocyanate hybrid matrix jute composites as compared to ∼29% for VER matrix composites. The changes in the mechanical response of all composites can be well co-related with their fractographic evidences existed onto the tensile fracture surfaces in both dry and wet conditions.