Humidity Control Device Research Articles

PENGONTROLAN ENERGI PANAS DAN KELEMBABAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR DHT22 DAN ESP32 PADA PROSES FERMENTASI TEMPE GEMBUS

The fermentation process of tempe embus with conventional methods is highly dependent on weather conditions and requires heat energy (temperature) 25°C - 35°C within 36 - 48 hours. This research aims to stabilize the heat energy and reduce the fermentation process time to get quality tempeh production results in a short time. The research method used is the experimental method by making an automatic temperature and humidity controller and testing its performance. This tool works using the DHT22 sensor and ESP32 microcontroller as the control center. Temperature automation is done with two conditions that are used to regulate lights and fans. If the fermentation temperature is lower than the setpoint, the lower light and upper light turn on, if the temperature rises, the upper light turns off and the fan turns on, to keep the temperature within the pre-set setpoint value. This research shows that the temperature and humidity control device operates stably in the temperature range of 32°C to 35°C. At these temperature conditions, the fermentation process runs stably. At that temperature condition, the fermentation process of tempe embus lasts 16 hours, with testing of color, taste, and smell for the best quality category Tempe.

Suitability analysis of a temperature and humidity control device using a desiccant rotor

As the amount of ventilation required in buildings has increased to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the inflow of high humidity outside air in summer has increased the processing rate of latent heat loads as well as sensible heat loads. Accordingly, the ability to handle the latent heat load with low energy consumption has become important in order to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. In this study, a humidity control device composed of a desiccant rotor was designed and manufactured, and performance experiments were performed. Using an empirical formula obtained through experiments, a thermal environment simulation was conducted for a school classroom. Furthermore, a temperature-humidity control device that combines a desiccant rotor and heat pump was proposed, and the performance and energy consumption were analyzed by comparing it with the existing heat pump design. With conventional temperature control method using a heat pump, the average indoor relative humidity values in August were 65.7 %, which exceeds the set relative humidity range of 50±5 %. On the other hand, when using the temperature-humidity control device, the average indoor relative humidity values in August was 50.2 %, a more comfortable indoor environment than when using a conventional method. In addition, the energy consumption was reduced by 3 % compared to existing heat pump design.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NATURAL GAS HUMIDITY CONTROL DEVICE

The means of measuring humidity based on the use of the ultrahigh frequency method have been recently gaining widespread use, because of its simple, robust construction and high measuring accuracy. We used the advanced waveguide ultrahigh frequency method of measuring the moisture content of natural gas which, in contrast to the known the use of a traveling wave in a waveguide, is proposed. In this case, the interaction with waves of the ultrahigh frequency range changes the dielectric properties of the gas, and this change is registered. On the basis of an improved ultrahigh frequency method of humidity measurement, a device for natural gas humidity control using a traveling wave in a waveguide is proposed. The investigations have shown that a comparative channel increased the measurement accuracy, as a two-channel system – in contrast to a single-channel – eliminates the instability of the value of the input signal supplied to the generator. The principle of operation of a natural gas humidity control device that contains an ultrahigh frequency generator, attenuators, waveguide tees, a waveguide section for comparison, temperature sensor and pressure switches for the comparative and measuring channels, a measuring cuvette, amplifier, microprocessor, and display unit is described. A mathematical model of a natural gas humidity control device, which takes into account the values of the dielectric permittivity of the measuring gas and reference channels and contains correction factors for temperature, the use of which increases the accuracy of humidity measurement, is proposed. The lower and upper calibration points of the natural gas humidity control device are defined. The influence of correction factors for the temperature at the measurement error of the humidity is analyzed.

Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Suhu Dan Kelembaban Pada Ruangan Budidaya Jamur Tiram Berbasis IoT

Oyster mushrooms besides good also have many benefits for health but in its cultivation requires a fairly complicated treatment. Mushroom farmers have difficulty in regulating temperature and humidity in real time. If the temperature and humidity of the environment where the mushrooms grow is not as needed, it will inhibit the growth of fungi. To overcome this problem, it is proposed to make an Internet of Things based temperature and humidity control device. In this study the main components used are the Dht11 sensor and Arduino Uno and connected via Android via the Esp826601 module. The temperature and humidity suitable for oyster mushrooms are not> 25oC and not <75%. The temperature and air humidity are detected by the Dht11 sensor and the measurement results from Dht11 are displayed on Lcd then the temperature and humidity values are sent to the android user via the Esp8266-01 module. The function of this android is besides being used to display the value of temperature and humidity also functions as a remote controller, there are 2 buttons to turn on / off the Dc Fan and the Water Faucet. Dc fan serves to increase the humidity of the air if the humidity is less according to the needs of the fungus and the water faucet serves to reduce the temperature if the temperature in the kumbung is too hot. The use of the internet of things concept aims to facilitate the work of mushroom farmers because farmers can monitor temperature and humidity and take action through their androids even though farmers are far from the mushroom cultivation site as long as the device is connected to the internet network

Atmospheric coherent X-ray diffraction imaging for in situ structural analysis at SPring-8 Hyogo beamline BL24XU.

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) is a promising technique for non-destructive structural analysis of micrometre-sized non-crystalline samples at nanometre resolutions. This article describes an atmospheric CXDI system developed at SPring-8 Hyogo beamline BL24XU for in situ structural analysis and designed for experiments at a photon energy of 8 keV. This relatively high X-ray energy enables experiments to be conducted under ambient atmospheric conditions, which is advantageous for the visualization of samples in native states. The illumination condition with pinhole-slit optics is optimized according to wave propagation calculations based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction formula so that the sample is irradiated by X-rays with a plane wavefront and high photon flux of ∼1 × 1010 photons/16 µmø(FWHM)/s. This work demonstrates the imaging performance of the atmospheric CXDI system by visualizing internal voids of sub-micrometre-sized colloidal gold particles at a resolution of 29.1 nm. A CXDI experiment with a single macroporous silica particle under controlled humidity was also performed by installing a home-made humidity control device in the system. The in situ observation of changes in diffraction patterns according to humidity variation and reconstruction of projected electron-density maps at 5.2% RH (relative humidity) and 82.6% RH at resolutions of 133 and 217 nm, respectively, were accomplished.

Diffusion-based humidity control membrane for microfluidic-based gas detectors

This paper presents a cost-effective and reliable diffusion-based humidity removal membrane for microfluidic-based gas analyzers. The developed humidity control device reduces the relative humidity of a gas chamber and also stabilizes the humidity using inexpensive inorganic salts. A 3D-printed microfluidic gas sensor is used to test four different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including three alcohols and one ketone in different relative humidity levels ranging from 15% to 80%. To study the effects of humidity on different features of the transient response of the sensor, two different feature extraction methods are used. These methods are (i) normalization method, removing the effect of any changes in the response level for identifying the nature of the gas, and (ii) integration method, which differentiates between different response levels due to different concentrations or humidity levels. The results show that the sensor fails to differentiate between different VOCs or even between different concentrations of the same gas when there is a slight change (as small as 5%) in humidity. In essence, the device is vulnerable to the errors occur due to the presence of humidity even after the post processing analysis (feature extraction). Thus, a humidity control and removal membrane is developed in order to minimize the effect of humidity. The selectivity of the sensor with and without the use of the humidity removal membrane is compared and shown to be 36% more in the case of utilizing the humidity removal membrane. The proposed humidity control system successfully removes the effect of humidity on the response pattern of the sensor and can be used for different applications such as breath analyzers for which lowering the level of humidity of the exhaled breath is crucial before analyzing the VOCs of interest.

Raoult's law revisited: accurately predicting equilibrium relative humidity points for humidity control experiments.

The humidity surrounding a sample is an important variable in scientific experiments. Biological samples in particular require not just a humid atmosphere but often a relative humidity (RH) that is in equilibrium with a stabilizing solution required to maintain the sample in the same state during measurements. The controlled dehydration of macromolecular crystals can lead to significant increases in crystal order, leading to higher diffraction quality. Devices that can accurately control the humidity surrounding crystals while monitoring diffraction have led to this technique being increasingly adopted, as the experiments become easier and more reproducible. Matching the RH to the mother liquor is the first step in allowing the stable mounting of a crystal. In previous work [Wheeler, Russi, Bowler & Bowler (2012). Acta Cryst. F68, 111-114], the equilibrium RHs were measured for a range of concentrations of the most commonly used precipitants in macromolecular crystallography and it was shown how these related to Raoult's law for the equilibrium vapour pressure of water above a solution. However, a discrepancy between the measured values and those predicted by theory could not be explained. Here, a more precise humidity control device has been used to determine equilibrium RH points. The new results are in agreement with Raoult's law. A simple argument in statistical mechanics is also presented, demonstrating that the equilibrium vapour pressure of a solvent is proportional to its mole fraction in an ideal solution: Raoult's law. The same argument can be extended to the case where the solvent and solute molecules are of different sizes, as is the case with polymers. The results provide a framework for the correct maintenance of the RH surrounding a sample.

Controlled dehydration improves the diffraction quality of two RNA crystals.

BackgroundPost-crystallization dehydration methods, applying either vapor diffusion or humidity control devices, have been widely used to improve the diffraction quality of protein crystals. Despite the fact that RNA crystals tend to diffract poorly, there is a dearth of reports on the application of dehydration methods to improve the diffraction quality of RNA crystals.ResultsWe use dehydration techniques with a Free Mounting System (FMS, a humidity control device) to recover the poor diffraction quality of RNA crystals. These approaches were applied to RNA constructs that model various RNA-mediated repeat expansion disorders.ConclusionThe method we describe herein could serve as a general tool to improve diffraction quality of RNA crystals to facilitate structure determinations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-016-0069-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Sensitive biomolecule detection in lateral flow assay with a portable temperature–humidity control device

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have currently attracted broad interest for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, but their application has been restricted by poor quantification and limited sensitivity. While the former has been currently solved to some extent by the development of handheld or smartphone-based readers, the latter has not been addressed fully, particularly the potential influences of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and relative humidity (RH)), which have not yet received serious attention. The present study reports the use of a portable temperature–humidity control device to provide an optimum environmental requirement for sensitivity improvement in LFAs, followed by quantification by using a smartphone. We found that a RH beyond 60% with temperatures of 55–60°C and 37–40°C produced optimum nucleic acid hybridization and antigen–antibody interaction in LFAs, respectively representing a 10-fold and 3-fold signal enhancement over ambient conditions (25°C, 60% RH). We envision that in the future the portable device could be coupled with a fully integrated paper-based sample-to-answer biosensor for sensitive detection of various target analytes in POC settings.

Improving the diffraction of glypican-1 crystals by controlled dehydration

Glypicans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are attached to the cell membrane surface by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchorage. Glypican-1 (Gpc-1) is the predominant heparan sulphate proteoglycan in the developing and adult human brain and is involved in developmental morphogenesis, growth factor and cytokine signalling. We determined the crystal structure of N-glycosylated human glypican-1 core protein at 2.55 Å resolution, which revealed a cylindrical, all α-helical fold (dimensions 120 x 30 x 30 Å), decorated with three major loops and containing the 14 cysteine residues conserved in all members of the glypican family (1). The Gpc-1 crystals were delicate, highly fragile plates, which displayed poor isomorphism, with cell dimensions varying between different crystals. These crystals also diffracted anisotropically, reflected in a Wilson B factor that was twice as large in the c* direction as in the a* and b* directions, which limited the effective resolution to 2.9 Å in the c* direction. Recently we have shown Gpc-1 crystals to be a successful case for improvement in diffraction properties by controlled crystal dehydration using the humidity control device (HC1b), which delivers a humidified air stream of a precise relative humidity that can be used to alter the solvent content inside the crystals (2). The optimal dehydration protocol was developed by investigation of the parameters: final relative humidity RHf, dehydration rate and total incubation time Tinc. Of these, the most important was shown to be Tinc. After dehydration using the optimal protocol, the diffraction quality of the Gpc-1 crystals was clearly improved, with significant reduction in the anisotropy. This generated better, less noisy electron density maps, which allowed the building of previously disordered parts of the model and displayed well-defined side chains.

ESRF/DBT/EMBL:BM14-2: MX station for in situ, dehydration and MAD experiments

BM14 was the first dedicated macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamline to come into operation at the ESRF during 1995. This experimental station has been designed specifically to produce MX diffraction data using Single/Multiple-wavelength Anomalous Diffraction (SAD/MAD) methods (www.bm14.eu). Currently, beamline is operated by a consortium between the ESRF, the EMBL-Grenoble and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India. Recently, the beamline optics was fully upgraded (hence the new denomination BM14-2). A four-time increase in beam brilliance is achieved with the concomitant reduction in average exposure time (~5s today versus 20s before), leading to a substantial gain in the screening capacity. Upgrade includes a new channel-cut crystal equipped with a second crystal pusher to reject high-energy harmonics. The latter device turned to be crucial for Sulphur-SAD experiment success rate. The special goniometer head is installed on microdiffractometer (MD2) goniometer which is capable of handling the CrystalDirect (CD) nanocrystallisation plates [1] so that any crystallisation hit can be exposed to the beam. The plate characteristics are optimal for in situ data collection and they produce diffraction patterns with significantly reduced background. A newly designed dehydration-to-cryogenic nozzle-changer device is also installed in order to avoid the down time between the experiments (such as, In situ screening, humidity control device (HC1), standard cryogenic data collection). European users may apply for access via the Biostruct-X program (www.biostruct-x.eu) both for CD plate nanocrystallisation trials and for beamtime. Users from India are encouraged to apply from DBT-Portal (http://process.mbu.iisc.ernet.in/BM14/index.jsp) for beamtime. The optics hutch refurbishment and implementation of the novel devices in the experimental hutch opens promising perspectives for collecting data at room temperature and that are of importance to the MX users.

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A LOW-COST CONDENSATION DETECTION SYSTEM

A condensation sensing and control system was designed to detect condensation using a commercially availableleaf wetness sensor (LWS). The leaf wetness sensor was a variable resistance grid-type that responded to moisture on thesurface. A circuit was developed to compare the LWS voltage output to a user specified reference voltage, and operate a relayfor possible switching of a humidity control device (for example a fan and/or heater). The condensation detection systemoperation was validated in an environmental chamber in the laboratory using a heat exchanger and water bath. Condensatewas immediately detected when the plate was cooled below the dew point temperature of the chamber. When the watertemperature increased above the dew point temperature, there was a delay as the moisture evaporated from the plate. Soiland other foreign material were added to the leaf wetness sensor with little effect on system performance. The soil acted tofurther delay the sensor from drying and predicted slightly longer condensation and recovery periods. The condensationdetection system was tested in a transplant growing greenhouse and a grain bin, with operation verified by simultaneouslymeasuring the relative humidity and dry bulb temperature. There were frequent periods of condensation in the greenhouseand the system accurately predicted them. Condensation did not occur in the grain bin, as was verified using the relativehumidity and dry bulb temperature. The condensation detection system can provide a low-cost, rugged method fordetermining periods of condensation without the need for routine maintenance and calibration.

An effective laboratory air humidity generator for drying research

In this paper, the details of a laboratory humidity generator and control device are presented. The device is simple and can be made to be very precise. It can be seen to be highly suitable for food research applications.

Humidity control device for a semiclosed environment

A portable device that easily maintains a desired humidity at room temperature ranging from 50% to 95% in a small, closed environment is described. This device permits extended x-ray and spectroscopic analysis of crystals that require a humidified environment by passing a stream of air over heated water. An electronic controller coupled with a humidity sensor provides feedback and control.

Humidity control device for the Buerger precession camera

A device has been designed and built to maintain a crystal in equilibrium with an atmosphere of constant relative humidity during X-ray photography with the Buerger precession camera. The device employs a small constant-temperature enclosure, mounted directly on the goniometer head of the camera. A resistance-wire winding is used to supply a small amount of heat to the enclosure. The temperature is maintained constant by a thermistor-controlled electronic circuit. Temperature control is not interrupted during adjustments to the goniometer head nor when the film is changed.

A humidity control device for ovens

The principle of the wet and dry bulb thermometer has been employed for controlling the humidity inside an oven. A simple arrangement is described by means of which the humidity can be maintained at any desired value between 90 per cent and 25 per cent R.H. within ± 1 per cent over a range of temperatures.