Humanitarian Knowledge Research Articles

ОБУЧЕНИЕ КАК ВАРИАТИВНАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ БУДУЩИХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТИПАХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

In the social sphere of modern Russia against the background of rapid transformation socio-economic and political processes, the phenomenon of professional socialisation has become an urgent social problem. Society's expectations from education as a key component of the social sphere are largely related to the capabilities and readiness of higher education to find the most effective ways to solve the problems of training and professional socialisation of social sphere specialists. The purpose of the article is to focus the attention of subjects of professional socialisation and scientific and pedagogical community on the necessity to comprehend the role of one of the variable components of professional socialisation of future social sphere specialists in different types of higher education institutions, namely the form of organisation of the pedagogical process - training, which determines the content of professional socialisation of future social sphere specialists. The materials presented in the article significantly expand the subject field of humanitarian knowledge and are a stimulus to conceptual understanding of the problems of professional socialisation of a person. The article is addressed to specialists, professionally interested in solving actual problems of professional socialisation, as well as adjuncts, cadets, listeners, teachers of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, teachers and students of educational institutions of psychological, pedagogical and confession-oriented profiles

Scientific publications and large language models: will neural network understand Russian science?

The impact of artificial intelligence technologies, neural networks, and chatbots on science and education has induced widespread discussion in the academic community. It is no longer possible to contain the use of neural networks such as ChatGPT for writing texts, including scientific texts. The present study is done in a qualitative approach. The aim of the study is to analyze the application of large language models on the example of ChatGPT in the scientific publishing activities of Russian scientists. The practice of using chatbots does not always satisfy the user and the scientific community as a whole. On the one hand, the user is confronted with the lack of the requested information. On the other hand, the scientific community, and especially editors and readers of scientific journals, question the feasibility of neural networks due to the shortcomings of large language models that have been widely disputed in scientific publications. This study shows that there is another reason to distrust neural networks. Incompleteness and opacity of the information produced by artificial intelligence is related to the texts on which neural networks are trained. For Russian science, this problem poses a serious threat, since popular artificial intelligence companies use mostly English-language texts to teach their neural nets. The author puts forward the opinion that the social and humanitarian knowledge produced in modern Russia remains outside the scope of texts used for training neural networks. This point of view is supported by research by Russian scientists on Arctic governance. The data is absent in the English-language texts of ChatGPT but reflected in Russian-language publications.

Consistency of Youth Identity Construction in Media Texts: Development and Adaptation of Actor-Network Theory for Empirical Media Research (Сase Study)

The formation of youth identity in communication is on the agenda of many areas of humanitarian knowledge. We analyzed communication within the framework of an educational media project, which resulted in the construction of the expected identity. In the course of the analysis, we used a conceptual model of communication that combines the stages of identity construction in interaction with the environment and the actions of actors from the standpoint of the methodology of actor-network theory. A three-dimensional model of communication is presented for the first time, where actors and actants change the communicative process by their affordances and resistance. The obtained results allow to delineate the necessary actions of human and non-human actors at each stage of communication and identity integration, giving the opportunity to justify a new theoretical direction in the study of the problems of identity construction through media communication. The methodology requires further testing, but there are already positive results. The tendency of actualization of urban identity of young people depending on the focus on interaction with the heritage of the city and according to the stages of communication, according to the conceptual model, has been established. The article is intended for specialists in mass communication and journalism, and will also be useful for those interested in the ontological turn in humanitarian knowledge, actor-network theory, discourse and media text analysis.

On the question of the periodization of the history of Western art criticism

The subject of the study is the Western historiography of the history of art from the middle of the XIX century to the present, the patterns that determined the nature of its development, general cultural and general scientific factors that determined the paradigm shift in art criticism. The time frame of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the emergence of scientific art studies, on the other hand, by the assertion of a postmodern worldview that denies the possibility of scientific study of any texts, including artistic ones. The paper examines the characteristics of each of the highlighted stages, as well as their relationship with the general trends in the development of humanitarian knowledge at each stage. Thus, the history of art is placed in a broad context of general scientific and general cultural processes, which makes it possible to identify and study the driving forces that determine the course of its development. The main method of research is the method of periodization, the criterion for which is the predominance of a particular methodology at a particular historical stage of the development of art studies. The paper proposes the following periodization of the history of art studies: 1. Pre-scientific art criticism (before XIX century). 2. The cultural and historical stage (XIX century). 3. Formal and stylistic stage (XX century). 4. The iconological stage (XX century). 5. Post-scientific art criticism (beginning of the XXI century). This classification allows us to present the history of scientific art studies as a natural and consistent process of changing dominant methodologies, starting with the formation of a scientific approach to the study of art and up to the present time, when the very possibility of its application was questioned by the postmodern worldview. The main factor determining the change of stages in the development of art criticism is a change in the general cultural situation, as well as a change in the prevailing paradigms in art knowledge.

Personal Libraries in Russia: Research Results

The study of personal libraries is important for understanding socio-cultural processes that cannot be assessed by examining other historical events, phenomena and facts. The article deals with the monograph by O.N. Ilyina “Personal Libraries in Russia: Terminology and Historiography” (St. Petersburg, 2022), published in the series “The Book in Russia in the 19th — early 20th Century” by the Russian National Library and the winner of the All-Russian competition of scientific works on library science, bibliography and book studies in the nomination “The best scientific work in the field of library science” in 2023. The structure of the historical and book studies edition, the content of the chapters and the peculiarities of the author’s approach to the coverage of historiography, as well as the stages of the formation of terminology for the study of personal libraries in the domestic humanitarian knowledge in the second half of the 18th — early 21st century are characterized. The emphasis is made on the artificiality of the division of periods in the study of personal libraries in 1917, noted by O.N. Ilyina, because up to the end of the 1920s, book historians, whose professional career began before the October events of 1917, continued to carry out active research activities. This idea is confirmed by contemporary works devoted to the life and work of book historians and bibliographers born in the second half of the 19th century. Special attention is paid to the terminology for describing the history of book collections as a whole (and the collections within them), as well as book marks and marginalia in individual copies. A number of remarks on the design of the reference apparatus of the edition and the rubrication of the text are made, which, however, do not prevent interested readers. The quality, relevance and scientific novelty of the monograph are noted.

НАУЧНАЯ ШКОЛА ПРОФЕССОРА ПЕТРА ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧА СЕНИНА

The strategic task in the field of modern higher education is to develop the research potential of the university, to educate scientific staff. The effectiveness of this process depends on the successful functioning of scientific schools. In this regard, the research aimed at studying the experience of the author's scientific schools is relevant. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the concept and features of the scientific school as a form of personal growth and formation of researchers at the university using the example of research in the field of developing technologies for high-resource repair of machinery and technological equipment using metal coatings with specified functional properties (experience of the scientific school of professor P.V. Senin). (Materials and methods) Applied scientific and theoretical methods of analyzing the experience of the functioning of a scientific school, summarized and interpreted the criteria for its success as a form of personal growth and becoming a researcher at a university. Scientific and technical literature and publications in the field of humanitarian knowledge were used in the study. (Results and discussion) The experience of the P.V. Senin scientific school has shown that the implementation of the mechanisms of personal growth and formation of researchers at the university is the inclusion of students in the process of the scientific school, based on the creation of innovation centers, research laboratories, student teams, as well as the publication activity of the community of scientists on the basis of general theoretical and methodological approaches reflecting common research results. It was determined that the priority task of the scientific school is the interaction of university science and economic sectors aimed at creating technologies for high-resource repair of machines using the method of electric spark processing. (Conclusions) The results of the activities of the P.V. Senin scientific school allow us to consider this structure as a point of personal growth and professional development of a research student, a young scientist.

The City as an Object of Legal Science: Problems and Prospects of Legal Regulation

One of the modern trends in the development of society and the State is total urbanization, which is embodied in the withering away of the rural way of life and the concentration of population and capital in megacities and surrounding agglomerations. The paper examines the historical patterns of urbanization, investigates the place of the city in the system of humanitarian knowledge, and explains the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field of urban research, namely, legal urbanology, the subject of which is the legal space of a modern city. Historically, cities have been centers of politics, trade, and education, and the spread of urban life has become one of the integral features of the capitalist mode of production that is the dominant economic system of production and distribution at the present stage. Nevertheless, the legal regulation of urban relations is associated with a number of problems that require resolution both at the theoretical level and at the legislative level. In this regard, the paper analyzes current Russian legislation, as well as subordinate and departmental rulemaking for compliance with the requirements of the time and evaluation of the effectiveness of regulating the foundations of the legal space of the city. To resolve the identified problems, it is proposed to adopt a systematic program act, the preparation of which can take into account the experience of foreign regulation of the sphere of urban relations.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ БАКАЛАВРІВ ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОЇ СПРАВИ В УМОВАХ ЗВО

The article deals with the formation of a specialist in the hotel and restaurant business at the "bachelor" level, which takes place in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" (2014) and other regulatory acts. The standard of higher education for bachelors is approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science №. 384 of March 4, 2020. The law emphasizes the importance of professional mobility, which allows for training and internships in other institutions. In 2024, a new industry standard was approved for the specialties "Hotel management" and "Hotel and restaurant business". A survey of 43 students of the Institute of Health, Sports and Tourism showed that 100% consider the training of specialists in higher educational institutions necessary. The problem of training future specialists requires improvement of the educational system, refinement of plans and development of new materials in accordance with modern requirements. Specialists in the hotel and restaurant business must possess personal, professional, general, social (soft-skills), digital skills, as well as basic and professional competencies. Key competencies include social, psychological and environmental aspects that contribute to the development of the individual for the benefit of society. The rapid development of innovative technologies in the restaurant industry makes it difficult for students to familiarize themselves with new programs. Graduates must know modern forms of customer service and be ready to work with various equipment. To connect theory with practice, it is worth using computer programs adapted to the specifics of the industry. The active use of video materials in education helps to make classes visual and accessible. Research shows that video content is better digested, which is important due to the limited production practices in hotels and restaurants. Modern education is constantly improving, integrating various fields of knowledge into professional activity. A specialist in the hotel and restaurant business cannot be considered qualified without knowledge of information and communication technologies, the ability to work on the Internet, communication in a foreign language, economic calculations and knowledge of foreign cultures. The integration of professional, economic, cultural and humanitarian knowledge is necessary for the formation of professional mobility of bachelors. One of the approaches is integrative. Key words: pedagogical conditions, hotel and restaurant business, professional mobility, international standards, professional culture.

Paradigm shift in education and upbringing: the influence of modern educational philosophy

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of methodological foundations of one of the priority branches of humanitarian knowledge - philosophy of education. The author proposes a concept of methodological foundations of the philosophy of education, which is aimed at overcoming the problems of modern educational activity and development of humanitarian knowledge in general, since the concept of ‘human education’ is a field of intersection of different branches of knowledge. The essence of the concept is to formulate the structural elements of the philosophy of education on the basis of identifying and analyzing existing contradictions and paradoxes in modern educational activities.

Рецензия на книгу В.Е. Кемерова «Социальная философия: смена парадигм» (М.: Академический проект, 2022. 127 с.)

The problem of paradigm shift has been on the agenda of social and humanitarian cognition for half a century. Among the factors that led to the appeal to this topic, two played a deci­sive role. The first one the emergence of Soviet social science from ideological isolation, gave an impetus to comparisons of the achieved results. The second one, the transfer of the problem of human to the center of theoretical and methodological analysis, gave rise to the need for a radical reconstruction not only of the structure of social science, but also of its basic methodological principles. Originating in line with the theoretical and method­ological principles of research of the “science” type, the social sciences and humanities of the classical period relied on the strategy of reductionism, which assumed the priority of the general (concepts) over the special (real phenomena, events, and people), identity over difference and diversity. The effect of this attitude persists to this day, causing not only a growing gap between science and reality, but also a decrease in the theoretical and methodological potential of social and humanitarian knowledge. The problem of changing the paradigm of social and humanitarian cognition is considered in the book by V.E. Ke­merov “Social philosophy: paradigm shift”, in which he substantiates the need to develop a strategy of anti-reductionism and outlines the range of tasks facing modern social philoso­phy in this area.

РОЛЬ ЦЕРКОВНО-ПРИХОДСКИХ ШКОЛ В ПРОСВЕЩЕНИИ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКИХ СТАРООБРЯДЦЕВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕЛ ХАСУРТА И УНЭГЭТЭЙ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В НАЧАЛЕ ХХ ВЕКА)

The paper examines the history of the creation of rural parochial schools in the Old Believer villages of Transbaikalia at the beginning of the twentieth century using the example of the villages of Khasurta and Unegetei. These villages are notable for the fact that they were formed at the beginning of the 19th century by baptized Buryats of the Khorinsky department, who converted to the Old Believers. They formed a separate clan administration - Kurbinskoe. Analysis of the materials showed that the literacy schools founded in 1903 in two villages of the society, Khasurta and Unegetei, had their own buildings in 1910 and were the only cultural and educational center of the Kurba Valley. With the assistance of missionary Orthodox priests, children of baptized non-Russians and Old Believers peasants were involved in the educational process, increasing the level of literacy among the population. The education system of parochial schools included subjects of a religious nature, but the educational component was not strictly ecclesiastical. Children at school also received natural and humanitarian knowledge. The parochial schools created at the beginning of the twentieth century “survived” the historical stage of the transition of the old pre-revolutionary education system to the new Soviet school. The education system on which the teaching of new schools in the first years of Soviet power was based, for the most part, relied on the traditional teaching methods of the old church school. The paper pays due attention to the work of a rural teacher who, despite everyday difficulties and meager funding, taught rural children to read and write. After the revolutionary events of 1917, the teacher was in the thick of all the affairs of rural activists, helping to transform the lives of rural residents.

Познавательные возможности политологии: к постановке вопроса о российской политической науке

The purpose of the work is to raise the question of the cognitive capabilities of political science and to what extent, in this regard, the methodological tools of political science are an adequate means for studying Russian reality. The methodology of the research was a politico-philosophical approach, which used a retrospective method and discourse analysis. The specificity of the social sciences and humanities implies the existence of value positions of the subject of cognition and determines the practice-oriented orientation of his research activity. The model of reality reconstructed by the scientist is based on a value-colored picture of the world, which directly or implicitly influences the interpretation of facts. Political science, being a part of social and humanitarian knowledge, is not devoid of its specificity and is also based on a certain model of the worldview - a paradigm. The science of politics was formed in the bosom of Western society, taking as a basis the corresponding paradigm of thinking. At a certain point, comparative studies begins to occupy a central position in the study of politics, in fact identifying the whole of political science with itself. Its distinctive feature, which has not been overcome to this day, is the attitude to compare the entire diversity of the political world with its own "ideal" of due. Accordingly, everything that does not fit into this value picture of the world is recognized as hostile, backward, imperfect. On such paradigmatic grounds, the study of Russian political life has been carried out for a long time. By adopting such a way of explaining the political sphere of Russian society, we put ourselves in the position of catching up, trying to adjust our own reality to the standards that were formed in other cultural and historical conditions. Based on this, the question arises about the application of the methodology of political science to Russian conditions. Conclusions: the question posed in the work may affect the change of the paradigm in force in Russian political science or, at least, the clarification of its methodological foundations, which opens up a wide scope for research for domestic social scientists.

Issues of justice in the political and legal doctrine of I.A. Ilyin

The work of the outstanding Russian lawyer and philosopher I.A. Ilyin attracts the attention of researchers from various branches of humanitarian knowledge. At the same time, his political and legal ideas are of particular interest to modern legal science, which is the object of the presented research. The subject of the study is the views of Ivan Alexandrovich on justice, set out in his writings, both Russian and emigrant periods of his life. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the relationship between justice and fairness in the teachings of I.A. Ilyin; his ideas about responsibility and legal awareness. Special attention is paid to Ilyin's ideas about justice in post-Soviet Russia. The purpose of the presented article is to consider the ideas of I.A. Ilyin using dialectical, systemic and comparative legal methods united by the principles of historicism and objectivity. The main conclusion of the conducted research is the reasoned statement that in the political and legal doctrine of I.A. Ilyin, the issues of ensuring justice and fairness in law enforcement occupy an important place. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is the substantiated conclusions about the relevance of I.A. Ilyin's views on an independent, well-organized judicial system, equal, objective and adversarial proceedings, as well as on the developed legal awareness and sense of personal responsibility of the law enforcement officer as factors in ensuring fair justice. The novelty of the research lies in the generalization of I.A.Ilyin's views on justice as a state activity to ensure justice in society. The author has put forward a practical proposal on the formation of judicial districts that do not coincide with the administrative-territorial division.

Metadisciplinarity at the intersection of modern philosophical and philological practices

The article explores the relationship between inter-, trans-, and polydisciplinarity in contemporary humanities. It highlights philosophy's role in fostering critical thinking and methodological reflection. The phenomenon of intersubjectivity/interculturality is discussed in today's network society, emphasizing the ongoing exchange between individual consciousness and interpersonal perception within metadisciplinary philosophical studies. The article illustrates the practical application of metadisciplinarity through a PhD program at Kyiv National Linguistics University, advocating for the reintroduction of philosophy into modern education. It proposes an interdisciplinary segment, "Philosophy of Science and Methodology of Humanitarian Knowledge," integrating philological and professional teaching with philosophy to cultivate reflective and critical skills. The program aims to equip postgraduate students with knowledge of logical, methodological, and epistemological shifts, applicable in teaching. Ultimately, it asserts that combining specific scientific knowledge with philosophical principles in education shapes a flexible and deep conceptual framework, enhancing modern scientific and philosophical discourse. This multimodal approach to metadisciplinary philosophy fosters innovative paradigmatic trends.

Generative Language Patterns and the Phenomenon of Anti-Anthropocentrism — New Perspectives on the Linguistic Paradigm of «Posthumano» and «General/Strong» AI

The presented material introduces an authorial hypothesis on the prospects of the emergence of the linguistic paradigm «posthumano», based on an analytical interdisciplinary review and analysis of the development feature of large generative language models through the enhancement of neural network algorithms in deep machine learning. The authors put forward a theoretical and methodological foundation of the appearance of such a phenomenon in the context of the development of anti-anthropocentrism theories. The article actualizes the development of «post-anthropocentric» approaches overcoming the traditional binary opposition «man/machine», extending into the realm of linguistics. Building on achievements in the development and training of generative language models, a new concept of language as an autonomous, self-developing system, termed «posthumano» is formulated and proposed for further criticism and development. The authorial concept of the emerging a new linguistic paradigm is based both on the principles of the interdisciplinary approach and on the discourse of transdisciplinarity that developed in the second half of the 20th century. In this contribution, the authors outline some of the foundational principles and reasons that may underlie the new linguistic paradigm and offer some thoughts on the immediate prospects for the development of linguistic practices and humanitarian knowledge in the era of expectation/development of «general/strong» artificial intelligence technologies. The authors put forward a theoretical and methodological basis for the emergence of such a phenomenon in the context of the development of theories of anti-anthropocentrism. The article updates the development of «post-anthropocentric» approaches that go beyond the traditional binary opposition «man/machine», including the field of linguistics. Based on advances in the development and training of generative language models, the formulation and a new concept of language as an autonomous, self-developing «posthumano» system is proposed for further analysis, criticism, and development. The author’s concept of the formation and development of a new emerging linguistic paradigm is based both on the principles of an interdisciplinary approach and on the discourse of transdisciplinarity, which developed in the second half of the 20th century. The authors set out both some basic foundations and reasons that can form the basis of a new linguistic paradigm and offer some thoughts on the immediate prospects for the development of language practices and humanitarian knowledge in the era of anticipation/development of «general/strong» artificial intelligence technologies.

THE USE OF MEDIA SPACE OPPORTUNITIES IN THE WORK THE MUSEUMS OF ARCHEOLOGY AND EDUCATION

The article examines examples of using media technologies in museums of archeology and education. The authors emphasize that the use of media technologies in museums of archeology and education can significantly increase the accessibility of knowledge on ancient history and archeology and attract a new audience. However, it is necessary to take into account that such an approach may be ineffective without proper preparation and organization. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages was carried out. Factors influencing the increase in interest in ancient history and archeology in Central Kazakhstan, including the quality of training and education, have been identified. The results described in the article are based on a survey of more than 600 university students on their level of awareness of the historical and cultural heritage of Kazakhstan. The summary assessment, by analyzing the opinions of respondents published on the Internet in museum podcasts and storytelling, allows us to conclude about the high sociocultural, motivational, and educational potential of this content in the cultural and educational work of the archeology museum and in educational activities. Thanks to multimedia technologies, the «museum-student» dialogue has intensified on a long-term basis, which has become an additional incentive for excursions to the Museum of Archaeology.
 Materials and methods of research: The authors of the article used data from a sociological survey they conducted of 194 university students who studied in Kazakh and 439 students who studied in Russian. The anonymous interview included ten questions revealing the respondents’ attitude toward the historical and cultural heritage of our country, the degree of their awareness of the discoveries of archaeologists in Central Kazakhstan, and their participation in museum activities. Statistical methods made it possible to analyze the data from these interviews and use them when introducing media technologies in the museum. To select material when compiling scripts for museum podcasts, an integrated and systematic approach, the analysis-synthesis method, and the principles of logic were used. A detailed historiographical analysis of more than one hundred and fifty scientific sources contributed to the formation of quality content. The comparative historical method made it possible to specify information on the selected topic about the cultural heritage sites of Central Kazakhstan. Thanks to the use of QR codes as a digitalization tool, museum podcasts have been integrated into educational and methodological manuals, maps, postcards, and other souvenirs, which indicates the importance of a combination of technical and humanitarian knowledge in museum work. The collaboration of museum staff with teachers from the Faculty of Foreign Languages has expanded the use of interdisciplinary methods in cultural and educational activities.

Проблема социализации человека в научно-исторической ретроспективе и современном междисциплинарном дискурсе

Introduction. The article depicts a systematic interdisciplinary presentation of the theoretical foundations of the study of the phenomenon of socialization. Currently, in the social sphere, the phenomenon of socialization itself is a social problem that is caused, according to scientists, by a whole pleiad of dynamically changing social, economic, political, and cultural conditions and circumstances that contribute to the emergence of transformational processes in society as a whole. Research methods. The research results that characterize socialization are presented in the article based on some methods of the social and humanitarian sciences: theoretical (ascent from the abstract to the concrete, analysis and synthesis, referencing), observational (direct, included, indirect observation), diagnostic (interviewing, analysis of documents), gravimetric analysis (the study and generalization of experience and products of professional activity), and so on. The results of the research. First of all, these are processes in modern Russian society that objectively change the content and mechanisms of human socialization. In this regard, it is now possible to talk about the transformation of the phenomenon of socialization into an independent social and research problem. The above points out the fundamental importance of the need to thoroughly study human socialization in its modern conditions as an actual social and pedagogical problem in the context of the social and humanitarian branch of human studies, and above all in the fields of philosophy, sociology, and pedagogy. Expanding the subject field of social and humanitarian knowledge, the materials presented in the article can serve as an incentive for further scientific understanding of the problem of human socialization, as well as be used in the professional training and professional socialization of future social specialists.

Политический нарратив: концепции, типологии и структуры

The article is devoted to the study of the narrative turn effects in humanitarian knowledge on the formation and development of the narrativity theory in relation to various types of discourse. The paper focuses on analytical and theoretical studies of the political narrative, its state of research, systematization of the concepts underlying its interpretations, and identification of the modern trends specifics in the development of political narrative. The authors managed to demonstrate the capacity of the narrative paradigm to describe the narrative nature of mentality and human activity through the prism of narrative in a socio-cultural context. Criteria have been established that make it possible to define a political narrative from the perspective of various interpretations. The theory of metanarrative is systematized and the stages of its transformation in the mirror of postmodernism and metamodern concepts are characterized. Five essential characteristics of the metanarrative are given: usefulness, ubiquity, invisibility, commitment, rigidity. The value component of metanarratives in the aspect of Russian and foreign cultures is represented by the example of basic concepts. The structure of ideologies and the family of ideologies as conceptual cluster formations are presented and described. The theories of the counternarrative are considered and the authors criteria for differentiating the alternative narrative and the counternarrative are put forward. The general structure of the narrative is demonstrated, taking into account narrative levels and narrative acts. The structure of the political narrative is described and the conditions for the successful implementation of the political narrative are identified, including the key elements of the political narrative: the main character, plot, setting, conflict, resolution. The most effective tools of the current manipulative strategy of political storytelling are analyzed – the tactics of spinning or “unwinding” the positive aspects of the message, and the techniques of using spin – cherry picking, gaslighting, non-denial denial and others. The grounds for distinguishing between fakes and factoids are presented. Classification parameters for the narrative analysis of political discourse are proposed.

Lexical collocation as a discursive mechanism

Some terms are spreading in the research literature with particular speed. In the theory of education such terms include, for example, competence, in linguistics it is concept; the term discourse is common both for linguistics and philosophy. The purpose of the article is to define the nature of discourse analysis in linguistic philosophy. We believe that in research activities, it is necessary not to compile, but to truly integrate, which significantly complicates the task of the scientist: this article is devoted to trying to find possible solutions to this problem. The choice of methods and techniques of discourse analysis is determined by the purpose of the article and the set of tasks. An integrated approach is used: discursive analysis, hypothetical-deductive method, general scientific descriptive method (observation, generalization, interpretation and classification), as well as cognitive analysis are carried out in the framework of this article. The materials of the study are texts selected from text corpora, translations, as well as original texts of various genres of written and oral speech, including texts of classical philosophical works and corpus texts. However, if a native speaker of English (that is, a non-native speaker of French) nevertheless succumbs to the temptation in the European discursive community to denote the Frenchlanguage corpus of texts with the expression "discours académique", then how will this choice be interpreted? As a mistake, or worse, a native English speaker's preference for an anglicism? These are not at all simple questions, and to answer them is the purpose of the article. The perspective of the research is connected with the fact, as it is defined in the article, that the further development of discourse analysis theory becomes possible due to the development of such an applied field of humanitarian knowledge as corpus linguistics.

Student discourse’s paradoxes of representations of the concept “technological well-being of Russia”

Problem and aim. The relevance of presented study lies in understanding that it is impossible to be an independent government and implement its own policies without having technological leadership. In modern youth discourse, the attractive image of the creative engineer has disappeared, without which it is impossible to achieve a change in the «user» mentality in the field of technology. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is an applied communicative-semiotic analysis of the basic representations through which students describe concepts such as «Russia’s technological wellbeing», «technological leadership» and «technological imitation». Materials and research methods. The authors of the study used communicative-semiotic analysis to study free verbal associations of students (projective methodology), which made it possible to determine the symbolic constructs of youth discourse in the ratio of internal/external and individual/collective areas that integrate human consciousness and empirical phenomena into conversations about the technological well-being of Russia (concept of M. Conway). The applied research (questionnaire) was carried out in two stages. Data processing was carried out using the method of identifying keywords by Word Cloud Generator with the subsequent formation of a word cloud as a method of information compression. The identified associations were analyzed within the Porter stemmer word stemming tool. Research results. The results of the study showed that the formation of representations in relation to the concept of «technological well-being of Russia» is contradictory. However, this inconsistency is not associated with projection of the «technological leadership» and «technological imitation» vectors. The authors found that the projection of the image of the future of Russia in the trends of technological well-being is not associated by engineer students with the role of a man. The non-subjective nature of the concept of «technological well-being» emphasizes the gaps in the system of higher engineering education associated with the imposed practice of consumer behavior. The authors proposed educational technologies for leveling the non-subjective nature in the formation of the concept of «technological well-being of Russia» in the system of higher engineering education. Conclusion. The results of the study are significant for both the theoretical and practical research base in the field of higher engineering education. An empirical basis on representations of the image of the future associated with the concept of «technological well-being» will make it possible to understand what stereotypes and constructs are relevant for young people’s individual educational trajectory. In the future, this will make it possible to make changes curriculum for future engineers in terms of social and humanitarian knowledge.