Human Socio-economic Activities Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF SHAPING CLASSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTICITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The article analyzes the influence of shaping lessons on the development of plasticity in female students of higher education institutions. in the system of physical education of female students of higher education institutions. It is established that shaping has great potential for organizing a healthy lifestyle, engaging in culture, improving plasticity. The study revealed: 1) not specified specific varieties and manifestations of plasticity, which are the content of shaping; 2) no system of tests has been developed, quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria for determining the level of development of plasticity during shaping have not been identified; 3) the technology of improving plasticity in accordance with its main varieties and manifestations has not been developed; 4) the relationship between the development of plasticity and a number of morphological, physiological and psychofunctional indicators has not been established.
 Thus, the high theoretical and practical significance of the problem of development of motor coordination, in particular the plasticity of female students of higher education institutions in the process of shaping, structural approach to its study, multifaceted aspects of consideration determined the relevance of the chosen topic. This is due to the restructuring of all spheres of human socio-economic activity, which requires professionalism, the manifestation of moral-volitional and physical qualities, and a fundamentally new organization of labor. The modern approach to the analysis of the problem of formation of a stable need for active motor activity of an individual based on a conscious desire for self-improvement makes it possible to find socially significant directions for its solution.

基于空间演变多元分析的市域生态空间优化研究——以宁波市为例

市域生态空间是城乡发展的绿色基底和生态基础，其协同联系"山水林田湖草"各生态系统，是动植物和自然生态多种过程的空间载体，同时也是人类进行社会经济活动的场所，与城乡经济社会发展息息相关，良好的市域生态空间体系，是实现市域层面生态系统稳定，协调城市发展和自然保护的重要载体，同时也是实现城市健康良性发展的重要保障。现有的市域生态空间规划重视不够，其静态的、定性为主的规划方法严重滞后，存在一系列不足与缺陷：1）重城区，轻市域；2）重主观定性，轻客观定量；3）重被动落实，轻主动响应；4）重静态蓝图，轻动态模拟。其空间规划成果远不能达到预期，无法应对城市化对市域生态环境和资源所带来的影响和威胁。以宁波市域空间为对象，以市域生态空间演变为出发点，从生态空间的安全格局、结构特征和用地类型转移3个方面，通过对2000年、2010年和2018年3个时期的市域空间演变的定量化分析，揭示市域生态空间演变的特征与规律。并以此为基础探索新型市域生态空间重构的方法和内容，提出空间优化的策略：针对安全格局层面生态适宜性衰退、结构层面连通度下降、地类层面绿色空间减少的问题等，通过确定生态核心，构建绿色空间廊道，筛选关键节点，对其分别进行分级、保护，最终重新构建起良性的宁波市域生态空间体系，并针对优化结果进行评价与修正。从市域生态空间3种类型演变分析入手，以"演变-响应-重构"为逻辑指导市域生态空间规划，积极探索了应对城市化影响下市域生态空间优化的新方法，为市域山水林田湖草生命综合体的资源保护和科学利用提供了一定的理论。;Urban ecological space is the green base and ecological foundation of urban and rural development, which is synergistically linked to the ecosystems of landscape, water, forest, field, lake and grass, and is the spatial carrier of various processes of flora and fauna and natural ecology, as well as the place for human socio-economic activities, and is closely related to urban and rural economic and social development. A good urban ecological space system is an important carrier to realize the stability of the ecosystem at the municipal level, to coordinate urban development and nature protection, and also an important guarantee to realize the healthy and benign development of the city. The existing municipal ecological spatial planning does not pay enough attention to its static, qualitative-oriented planning methods, which are seriously lagging behind, with a series of deficiencies and defects:1) emphasis on urban areas rather than municipalities; 2) emphasis on subjective qualitative rather than objective quantitative; 3) emphasis on passive implementation rather than active response; 4) emphasis on static blueprints rather than dynamic simulations. Its spatial planning results are far from meeting expectations and cannot cope with the impacts and threats brought by urbanization on the ecological environment and resources of the urban area. This paper selects Ningbo urban space as the object, takes the evolution of urban ecological space as the starting point, and reveals the characteristics and laws of the evolution of urban ecological space from three aspects:security pattern, structural characteristics and land use type transfer of ecological space, through the quantitative analysis of the evolution of urban space in 2000, 2010 and 2018. Based on this, we explore the methods and contents of the new municipal ecological space reconstruction and propose strategies for spatial optimization:to address the problems of declining ecological suitability at the security pattern level, declining connectivity at the structural level, and decreasing green space at the land type level, etc., by identifying ecological cores, organizing green space corridors, screening key nodes, grading and protecting them respectively, and finally reconstructing a benign Ningbo municipal ecological Spatial system of Ningbo city is reconstructed, and the optimization results are evaluated and revised. This study starts from the analysis of the evolution of three types of urban ecological space, and uses the logic of evolution-response-reconstruction to guide the urban ecological space planning, and actively explores a new method for optimizing the urban ecological space under the influence of urbanization, which provides a certain theory for the protection and scientific utilization of resources in the urban landscape, forest, field, lake and grass life complex.

The spatiotemporal response of China's vegetation greenness to human socio-economic activities

The spatiotemporal response of China's vegetation greenness to human socio-economic activities

Modeling the direction and magnitude of angular effects in nighttime light remote sensing

Modeling the direction and magnitude of angular effects in nighttime light remote sensing

Extracting the location of flooding events in urban systems and analyzing the semantic risk using social sensing data

Extracting the location of flooding events in urban systems and analyzing the semantic risk using social sensing data

Modeling the Underlying Drivers of Natural Vegetation Occurrence in West Africa with Binary Logistic Regression Method

The occurrence of natural vegetation at a given time is determined by interplay of multiple drivers. The effects of several drivers, e.g., geomorphology, topography, climate variability, accessibility, demographic indicators, and changes in human activities on the occurrence of natural vegetation in the severe drought periods and, prior to the year 2000, have been analyzed in West Africa. A binary logistic regression (BLR) model was developed to better understand whether the variability in these drivers over the past years was statistically significant in explaining the occurrence of natural vegetation in the year 2000. Our results showed that multiple drivers explained the occurrence of natural vegetation in West Africa at p < 0.05. The dominant drivers, however, were site-specific. Overall, human influence indicators were the dominant drivers in explaining the occurrence of natural vegetation in the selected hotspots. Human appropriation of net primary productivity (HANPP), which is an indicator of human socio-economic activities, explained the decreased likelihood of natural vegetation occurrence at all the study sites. However, the impacts of the remaining significant drivers on natural vegetation were either positive (increased the probability of occurrence) or negative (decreased the probability of occurrence), depending on the unique environmental and socio-economic conditions of the areas under consideration. The study highlights the significant role human activities play in altering the normal functioning of the ecosystem by means of a statistical model. The research contributes to a better understanding of the relationships and the interactions between multiple drivers and the response of natural vegetation in West Africa. The results are likely to be useful for planning climate change adaptation and sustainable development programs in West Africa.

Social hierarchy promotes the cooperation prevalence

Social hierarchy promotes the cooperation prevalence

Landfast Ice Mapping Using MODIS Clear-Sky Composites: Application for the Banks Island Coastline in Beaufort Sea and Comparison with Canadian Ice Service Data

Landfast ice (LFI) is a prominent climatological feature in the Canadian Arctic. LFI is generally defined as immobile near-shore ice that remains fast along the coast and forms seaward from the land. It affects the coastline dynamics, is important for the near-shore ecosystems, wildlife, and human socio-economic activities. A method is proposed for mapping the LFI using time series of 10-day clear-sky composites derived at the Canada Center for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250-m imagery. The delineation of coastal zone ice utilizes simultaneous analysis of the mean and standard deviation of MODIS monthly reflectance maps. The application of this method is demonstrated for a 20-year period (2000–2019) over the coastal zone of Banks Island in the Beaufort Sea. Detailed analyses have been conducted for three LFI parameters: (1) the total area (spatial extent) occupied by LFI; (2) the distance from the coast to the outer seaward LFI edge, and (3) the water depth at the outer seaward LFI edge. Comparison with the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) data demonstrates good agreement. The average correlation coefficients between CIS and CCRS time series in April-June, when the area reaches a maximum, are equal to 0.87–0.88. The mean differences (CIS-CCRS) are 344 km2 (5,464 km2 vs 5,120 km2) or 6.3% for the spatial extent; 1.3 km (17.6 km vs 16.3 km) or 7.4% for the distance; −2.7 m (−27.4 m vs −24.7 m) or 10% for the water depth. Because the CCRS method uses monthly statistics, it tends to exclude potentially more mobile continuous landfast ice zones than the CIS analysis which is based on data collected on a specific date. The long-term trends of the LFI seasonal cycle in our region of interest since 2000 have shown a tendency for an earlier break-up, later onset, and longer ice-free period; however, these trends are not statistically significant.

The detrimental effect of microplastics on critical periods of development in the neuroendocrine system.

As a result of human socio-economic activity, industrial wastes have increased alarmingly. Plastic pollution is globally distributed across the world due to its properties of buoyancy and durability. Two broad classes of plastic-related chemicals are of critical concern for human health-bisphenol-A or BPA, and additives used in the synthesis of plastics, which are known as phthalates. Our exposure to them is ubiquitous because they are used in the production of materials that we use daily such as polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, flooring, automotive parts, medical devices, dental sealants, and children's toys. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the products, they easily leach from them, leading to high human exposure. Both, BPA and phthalates, are endocrine-disruptor compounds (EDCs) with steroidogenic activity, and can bind to different receptors, such as estrogen, androgen, PPAR-γ, and AhR. These pathways are part of the complex regulatory neuroendocrine network, since its cellular components not only express neuroendocrine receptors, but synthesize and respond to several hormones and other endocrine ligands. On the other hand, the effects of BPA and phthalates on neuroendocrine diseases have been poorly studied and the available data are inconclusive. This can be attributed to the enormous variety of animal models and the different doses used in experiments or levels found in humans. However, what is clear is that exposure to both EDCs during critical life stages induces many changes in the neuroendocrine system of exposed humans that are correlated with different reproductive and neurological diseases.

How microplastic components influence the immune system and impact on children health: Focus on cancer.

As a result of human socioeconomic activity, industrial wastes have increased distressingly. Plastic pollution is globally distributed across the world due to its properties of buoyancy and durability. A big health hazard is the sorption of toxicants to plastic while traveling through the environment. Two broad classes of plastic-related chemicals are of critical concern for human health-bisphenols and phthalates. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disruptor compound (EDC) with estrogenic activity. It is used in the production of materials that are used daily. The endocrine modulating activity of BPA and its effects on reproductive health has been widely studied. BPA also has effects on the immune system; however, they are poorly investigated and the available data are inconclusive. Phthalates are also EDCs used as plasticizers in a wide array of daily-use products. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic matrix, they easily leach out from it, leading to high human exposure. These compounds exert several cell effects through modulating different endocrine pathways, such as estrogen, androgen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and arylhydrocarbon receptor pathways. The exposure to both classes of plastic derivatives during critical periods has detrimental effects on human health. In this review, we have compiled the most important of their perinatal effects on the function of the immune system and their relationship to the development of different types of cancer. The administration of bisphenols and phthalates during critical stages of development affects important immune system components, and the immune function; which might be related to the development of different diseases including cancer.

Examining transportation network structures through mobile signaling data in urban China: a case study of Yixing

ABSTRACT Mobile signaling data (MSD) have become important for studying the characteristics of transportation network structures and human socioeconomic activities. However, the conversion of MSD into datasets that are suitable for transportation network analyses remains challenging, because MSD cannot directly reflect the transportation flow patterns through global positional system (GPS) data. We proposed a method of converting MSD that is suitable for complex transportation network analysis. We also visualized the distribution of transportation flow on the road based on MSD by using an application programming interface (API) of Gaode Map. Taking Yixing, China as an example, we analyzed the topology of the transportation network, identified major transportation nodes and sub-network distributions, and modelled the transportation flows on the road. Based on the results, we proposed relevant strategies to improve the provision of transportation services in the city.

Alternative Quantifications of Landscape Complementation to Model Gene Flow in Banded Longhorn Beetles [Typocerus v. velutinus (Olivier)

Rapid progression of human socio-economic activities has altered the structure and function of natural landscapes. Species that rely on multiple, complementary habitat types (i.e., landscape complementation) to complete their life cycle may be especially at risk. However, such landscape complementation has received little attention in the context of landscape connectivity modeling. A previous study on flower longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) integrated landscape complementation into a continuous habitat suitability ‘surface’, which was then used to quantify landscape connectivity between pairs of sampling sites using gradient-surface metrics. This connectivity model was validated with molecular genetic data collected for the banded longhorn beetle (Typocerus v. velutinus) in Indiana, United States. However, this approach has not been compared to alternative models in a landscape genetics context. Here, we used a discrete land use/land cover map to calculate landscape metrics related to landscape complementation based on a patch mosaic model (PMM) as an alternative to the previously published, continuous habitat suitability model (HSM). We evaluated the HSM surface with gradient surface metrics (GSM) and with two resistance-based models (RBM) based on least cost path (LCP) and commute distance (CD), in addition to an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model based on Euclidean distance. We compared the ability of these competing models of connectivity to explain pairwise genetic distances (RST) previously calculated from ten microsatellite genotypes of 454 beetles collected from 17 sites across Indiana, United States. Model selection with maximum likelihood population effects (MLPE) models found that GSM were most effective at explaining pairwise genetic distances as a proxy for gene flow across the landscape, followed by the landscape metrics calculated from the PMM, whereas the LCP model performed worse than both the CD and the isolation by distance model. We argue that the analysis of a continuous HSM with GSM might perform better because of their combined ability to effectively represent and quantify the continuous degree of landscape complementation (i.e., availability of complementary habitats in vicinity) found at and in-between sites, on which these beetles depend. Our findings may inform future studies that seek to model habitat connectivity in complex heterogeneous landscapes as natural habitats continue to become more fragmented in the Anthropocene.

Streamflow variations across the Andes (18\xb0\u201355\xb0S) during the instrumental era

The rivers originating in the southern Andes (18°–55°S) support numerous ecosystems and a large number of human populations and socio-economic activities in the adjacent lowlands of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. Here we show that ca. 75% of the total variance in the streamflow records from this extensive region can be explained by only eight spatially coherent patterns of variability. Five (three) of these Andean patterns exhibit extreme dry (wet) conditions in recent years, with strong interannual variations in northern Chile; long-term drying trends between 31° and 41°S; a transitional pattern in the central Patagonian Andes; and increasing trends in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, the Fueguian Andes, and the eastern portion of the South Patagonian Icefield. Multivariate regression analyses show that large-scale indices of ENSO variability can predict 20% to 45% of annual runoff variability between 28° and 46°S. The influence of Antarctic and North Pacific indices becomes more relevant south of 43°S and in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, respectively, but their overall skill as predictors of Andean streamflows is weak. The analyses provide relevant new information to improve understanding of the spatial coherence, the main temporal features, and the ocean-atmospheric forcings of surface runoff across the southern Andes.

Impact of Typha Grass on Biodiversity Loss of Hadejia-Nguru Wetland Located between Jigawa and Yobe States of Nigeria: A Review

Wetland - an interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are the most precious life-sustaining water resources which play crucial roles as an ecosystem service provider. This paper reviewed the impact of Typha grass on biodiversity loss of Hadejia-Nguru wetland which is located between Jigawa and Yobe State of Nigeria. Impacts exerted by Typha grass on Hadejia-Nguru wetland includes that on biodiversity; impact on birdlife; creation of microhabitats that reduces habitat for wintering of migratory and resident birds likewise provision of harbour for large flocks of Quelea birds, another invasive bird species. Typha proliferation Impacts generally, by endangering some native species towards the brink of extinction in addition, acting as trigger to decline in human socio economic activities with a resultant amplification in unemployment, poverty and crime rate. It is important that the actual biodiversity resource content of the entire Hadejia-Nguru wetland be ascertain whilst government and other stakeholders’ investment of sincere commitment towards management of the menace of Typha grass be assured.Keywords: Wetland, Typha grass, Biodiversity, Hadejia-Nguru and Ramsar site

Study on the Temporal and Spatial Pattern Differences of Chinese Light Curl Based on DMSP/OLS

Nighttime light data can detect surface gleams that can intuitively reflect human socioeconomic activity. This paper uses the DMSP/OLS nighttime lighting data from 2001 to 2007 to analyze the coupling relationship between regional economic development and nighttime light intensity in China using regression model. The results show that the brightest areas of nighttime light are mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the Pearl River Delta region. With the change of the year, the brightness of the three regions is brighter year by year, indicating that the economy is more and more developed. The linear regression model of total brightness and GDP of regional light: Y=792.218+0.024X, linear slope is 0.024, indicating a positive correlation trend. The provinces and cities with the highest total brightness of the provinces and cities are Guangdong Province, Shandong Province, and Jiangsu Province, and the lowest provinces and cities are Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region. The total brightness of regional lights in China’s provinces and cities is well coupled with GDP. The total brightness of regional lights in all provinces and cities is weakened from east to west. The brightness of the 11 provinces in the eastern region is the strongest, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan Province. The second most powerful lighting is the eight provinces in the central region including Shanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, and Hunan. The weakest lighting is in the western regions of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces (cities). In the east of the Hu Huanyong line, the nighttime lighting is higher than the west of the Hu Huanyong line. The eastern part of China’s seven geographical divisions (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shandong, Fujian, and Taiwan) has the brightest night lights. The northwestern region (Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) has a weak night light. The brightness information of nighttime remote sensing data selected in this study can reflect the level of regional economic development.

Climate change impacts on socioeconomic activities through labor productivity changes considering interactions between socioeconomic and climate systems

Climate change impacts on socioeconomic activities through labor productivity changes considering interactions between socioeconomic and climate systems

Spatial-temporal evolution and prediction of urban landscape pattern and habitat quality based on CA-Markov and InVEST model.

The change of urban landscape caused by human activities is one of the most important factors affecting terrestrial ecosystem. The distribution of urban landscape pattern has great impacts on the service function of regional biodiversity. To reveal the variation of landscape pattern and habi-tat quality in cities and its driving factors, we extracted landscape type information of Wuhan in 2005, 2010, 2015, and analyzed spatial-temporal evolution of landscape pattern using Markov transition model. The CA-Markov model was used to simulate the landscape pattern in 2020 under the natural growth scenario. The driving factor for landscape variation was analyzed using Logistic regression model. Combined with InVEST model, spatial pattern of habitat quality and its variation in three phases were calculated and evaluated. The simulated habitat quality in 2020 was obtained and its distribution characteristics were analyzed. The relationship between variation of landscape pattern and human activities was explored. The results showed that cultivated land and manufactured surface were the landscape types with highest variations between 2005 and 2015. The area of cultivated land continued to decline, with most of the area being transferred into manufactured surface. The area of manufactured surface continued to increase, most of which was transferred from paddy field and dry land. From 2005 to 2015, the habitat quality declined, with a large number of landscapes with high habitat quality level being changed to low habitat quality level. The overall index of habitat quality decreased and the biodiversity service function declined, indicating the degeneration of habitat quality. In 2015-2020, the evolutionary trend of landscape pattern and habitat quality would keep consistent with the past decade, with an increasing area of artificial surface, decreasing index of habitat quality, weakening biodiversity service function, and degenerating habitat quality. The most important factor accounted for the landscape pattern change in the study area was the changes in Gross Domestic Product (GPD) and regional fiscal revenue. Human socio-economic activities were the key driving force for the spatial variation of landscape and degeneration of habitat quality. Urbanization and land reclamation by filling lakes were the main reasons for landscape pattern variation in Wuhan.

Using Historic Land Cover Data to Predict Estuarine Macrobenthos Characteristics in South Africa

ABSTRACT Sheppard, J.N. and MacKay, C.F., 2018. Using historic land cover data to predict estuarine macrobenthos characteristics in South Africa. Human socioeconomic activities affect natural environments worldwide. Coastal environments like estuaries are especially threatened by the disproportional population growth and development taking place within the coastal zone. Within semiarid South Africa, and especially within the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, estuaries face human development pressures from a growing coastal population ranging in socioeconomics and types of natural resource use, and many systems are degraded. Although estuary management is well legislated, it is slow to be implemented. Unlike biophysical data, land cover data (historical–present) for KZN's coastal zone is readily available. Of interest was whether land cover is related to estuary ecological condition. If so, there is potential to use land cover characteristics around estuaries in future development of a tool for short-term inte...

Effect of Roads on Ecological Corridors Used for Wildlife Movement in a Natural Heritage Site

Roads are the link between geographic space and human socio-economic activities, promoting local economic development, and simultaneously causing various negative effects, such as segmentation, interference, destruction, degradation, and pollution. In China, the construction of roads is rapid, which might affect wildlife movement, landscape pattern, and land use change, thereby, affecting the conservation of heritage sites. In the present study, the minimum cumulative resistance model, along with geographic information system technology, was adopted to compute the ecological corridor for wildlife movement between the source patches and to analyze ecological corridor changes under two conditions (road presence/absence) at two time points in Kanas, nominated as a World Natural Heritage site. The relationships between the ecological corridor changes and various factors, including the cutting index of the ‘road-effect zones’, terrain, and road geometric characteristics, were examined using the geographical detector model to identify the influencing factors and mechanisms of the corridor changes, in order to rationally simulate the potential ecological corridors. In addition, the detached and fragmented ecological patches can be connected to effectively protect the biodiversity, biological habitats, and species, which are important means to achieve regional sustainable development and ecological construction.

Introduction to land use and rural sustainability in China

Introduction to land use and rural sustainability in China