Evaluating the delivery costs and operational context of a single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine regimen administered to a multi-age cohort of adolescent girls in Ethiopia.

Despite the current recommendation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for girls and boys, vaccination rates in Germany remain low. Vaccination awareness is essential for vaccination behaviour and thus for an increase in vaccination rates. The aims of the present work were to investigate HPV vaccination awareness among the general population in Germany and to identify potential factors (sociodemographic, family and relationship characteristics, regional context) associated with HPV vaccination awareness. The results will help to conceptualize, manage, optimize and evaluate measures of public health. As part of the LIEBESLEBEN study, population-wide data were collected via an online survey (n = 4640). Data were weighted according to criteria representative for Germany. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were calculated. In total, 61.5% of respondents are aware of HPV vaccination for girls and 32.6% are aware of HPV vaccination for boys. The results of regression analyses show that the awareness of HPV vaccination for girls and boys is significantly associated with gender, formal education level, sexual orientation and living with children. The awareness of HPV vaccination for girls is additionally associated with relationship status and the degree of regional deprivation. In addition, HPV vaccination awareness for boys is associated with age. In Germany, HPV vaccination awareness is still modest. This is particularly true in terms of vaccination for boys. Measures to raise awareness should be intensified. These include communication and informational offerings, settings-based approaches to address target groups as well as involving (medical) professionals, and supporting ahealthcare structure that promotes vaccination.

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is an important cause of cervical cancer. hrHPV testing has emerged as an effective screening modality to address the limitations of cytology-based screening. However, in Korea, the absence of standardized clinical guidance has resulted in variability in practice. This consensus-based clinical practice guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary expert committee under the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and includes specialists in gynecologic oncology, pathology, laboratory medicine, and public health. Relevant domestic and international evidence was systematically reviewed and perspectives from diverse clinical settings were incorporated through four public hearings. The final recommendations were established through expert consensus. These guidelines present four key recommendations. First, hrHPV testing may be considered for women aged ??5 years, with a screening interval of 3 to <5 years. Second, screening assays should differentiate between HPV genotypes 16 and 18 while detecting other high-risk types, and tests with established clinical validity are recommended. Third, hrHPV testing should be performed in appropriately equipped settings, following standardized procedures for specimen handling and reporting, with clear documentation of HPV 16/18 status in positive cases. Fourth, the testing should operate under rigorous internal and external quality control systems to ensure reliability and consistency. These guidelines aim to promote consistent and evidence-based implementation of hrHPV testing for cervical cancer screening in Korea, supporting early detection and prevention.

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a major cause of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Qingdu Suppository (QDS) in promoting HPV clearance and to identify predictors of treatment response. This was a prospective observational cohort with retrospective analysis. A total of 60 patients with persistent HR-HPV infection were included (30 QDS and 30 non-QDS). The primary endpoint was HPV clearance, defined as 2 consecutive negative PCR results ≥6 months apart. Intention-to-treat (ITT, n=66, with lost-to-follow-up treated as persistent infection) and per-protocol (PP, n=60) analyses were performed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied, and robust (sandwich) variance estimators were used to obtain valid confidence intervals. In the IPTW-weighted analysis, QDS was associated with higher HPV clearance than non-QDS (55.2% vs. 3.4%, p<.001). HPV clearance was significantly higher in the QDS group than in the non-QDS group (55.2% vs. 3.4%, p<.001). QDS remained an independent predictor of clearance (adjusted OR=33.1, 95% CI: 4.5-243.6, p=.001), with consistent benefits across subgroups. Using a strict endpoint of 2 consecutive negatives, QDS was associated with higher HPV clearance. Results were consistent across analytic approaches but should be interpreted with caution, given the limited sample size and nonrandomized design. QDS may represent a promising adjunctive therapy, but its efficacy and long-term benefits require confirmation in larger multicenter randomized controlled trials.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological malignancy and is strongly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Currently, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has shown limited clinical benefits for CC, highlighting the need to find more effective therapeutic targets. LILRB4, a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor superfamily, is considered a key mediator of cancer immunosuppression. However, its role in the CC immune microenvironment remains unclear. Here, LILRB4 expression was upregulated in CC tissues, and high expression levels were positively associated with advanced disease and immunosuppressive genes in tumors. In an immunocompetent mouse model, LILRB4 expression in CC tumors increased with tumor growth, whereas blocking LILRB4 reduced tumor growth. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that blockade of LILRB4 reduced CD8+ T-cell exhaustion within tumors. Additionally, blockade of LILRB4 decreased the number of tumor‑infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs), including myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2 tumor‑associated macrophages (M2‑TAMs). Cell coculture experiments demonstrated that blockade of LILRB4 prevented CD8+ T-cell exhaustion by reducing the numbers of MDSCs and TAMs. Furthermore, HPV16 upregulated ApoE expression through transcriptional regulation, and LILRB4 mediated the suppression of CD8+ T cells by ApoE. Overall, the HPV16/ApoE/LILRB4 axis induced TIM-mediated suppression of CD8+ T cells, creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment that promoted CC progression.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). In situ hybridization (ISH) is commonly used for high-risk HPV detection in surgical specimens. Recently, ISH panels with expanded HPV genotype cocktails have become available. This study evaluated the detection rate of an expanded ISH probe cocktail targeting 18 high-risk HPV genotypes (HR18) compared with a 7-HPV genotype panel (HR7) in anal tissue microarray samples. A retrospective study was performed on 245 patients with anal biopsy samples collected from 2017 to 2023 at a tertiary-care medical center. Tissue microarrays were constructed with 1 to 3 cores per case. In situ hybridization was performed with an HR18 probe for comparison with the reported HR7 result. The detection rate of high-risk HPV was assessed. Among 55 patients with HSIL, HR18 demonstrated a positivity rate of 93% (51/55) compared with 73% (40/55) for HR7 (P = 2.6 × 10-3). The HR18 panel detected high-risk HPV in 3 patients with histologically low-grade and 1 previously ungraded SIL. No high-risk HPV was detected in patients without SIL by HR18. Expansion of the ISH panel from 7 to 18 genotypes improved detection for high-risk HPV in anal HSIL and identified high-risk HPV in additional patients without HSIL.

AAV integration has become an important safety consideration in gene therapy. However, accurately determining integration sites remains challenging due to biases introduced by library preparation methods, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatic pipelines. In this study, we developed a PCR-free amplification based on a CRISPR-Cas9 cleavage strategy for AAV DNA that overcomes the limitations of PCR amplification imposed by the ITR structure. When combined with long-read nanopore sequencing, this CRISPR-Cas9-based workflow preserves native AAV integration states and enables unbiased detection of integration junctions. We used AAV-transduced HeLa single-cell clones to evaluate the performance of this approach. To confirm integration site identification, AAV integration junctions were also detected using a probe hybridization capture strategy followed by Illumina short-read sequencing. Integration junctions identified by both methods were further confirmed by PCR. The results showed strong consistency between the two approaches in accurately identifying AAV integration sites in each clone. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas9-enabled, PCR-free long-read sequencing workflow provides a promising tool for characterizing AAV integration events.

Abstract Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of cervical cancer, particularly in resource-limited settings. Geographic information system (GIS) technology can improve vaccination strategies by identifying high-risk areas and optimizing resource allocation. Objectives: This study aimed to use GIS to map high-prevalence areas, identify vulnerable populations, and enhance HPV vaccination coverage in rural India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sangra Gram Panchayat, Sainthia Block, Birbhum District. Primary and secondary data, including Global Positioning System (GPS)-based household surveys and Census of India (2011) demographic data, were analyzed using GIS (QGIS 3.22.10) for mapping population density, literacy rates, sanitation, and vaccination coverage. Results: A total of 467 students were vaccinated across two phases, while 63 dropped out after the first dose. GIS mapping revealed correlations between poor sanitation, low literacy, and vaccination gaps. Conclusion: GIS enhances public health interventions by improving vaccination planning and monitoring. Integrating GIS into immunization programs can optimize healthcare resource allocation in rural settings.

De-escalation strategies have gained increasing attention for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We previously introduced an approach using upfront neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to facilitate less invasive surgery and potentially omit postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) or chemoradiotherapy (POCRT). This study evaluated the long-term outcomes and late toxicities of NAC followed by surgery after a 5-year follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed 41 patients with resectable HPV-positive OPSCC who received NAC followed by primary tumor resection, with or without neck dissection. Patients were treated with triplet NAC comprising either docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) or carboplatin, paclitaxel, and cetuximab. A pathological complete response (pCR) at both the primary site and lymph nodes was achieved in 25 patients (61.0%), and PORT/POCRT was required in 6 patients (14.6%). Among the 36 patients who received NAC-TPF, the number of TPF cycles administered in the pCR group was significantly higher than in the non-pCR group (p = 0.0401). The median follow-up period was 5.3years, with 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates of 92.4% and 80.1%, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 25% of the non-pCR group and 8% of the pCR group. All patients resumed oral intake without nutritional intervention within 35days after treatment, and no severe late toxicities impairing daily life were observed. Long-term follow-up demonstrated that NAC followed by surgery-aimed at achieving less invasive procedures and avoiding PORT/POCRT-is feasible and promising in terms of survival and late toxicities in patients with resectable HPV-associated OPSCC.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are prevalent worldwide and pose a significant challenge to national healthcare systems. Human papillomavirus (HPV) annually causes over 600,000 cases and 350,000 deaths from cervical cancer (CC). Coinfections with HPV and other STIs often potentiate the development of dysplastic processes and CC. The role of STI and HPV coinfection in carcinogenesis and the impact of multiple HPV infections on the development of CC have been poorly studied. Aim of the study : to assess the prevalence and risks of carcinogenesis in various variants of coinfection with human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted infection agents. Materials and methods . A total of 9,310 HPV-positive women with STIs and/or other diseases were examined. Detection of 14 HPV genotypes was performed using PCR. The diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was established based on extended colposcopy and cytological examination. Methods: PCR, clinical, epidemiological, and statistical methods. Results and discussion . In case of coinfection with STIs, the prevalence of HPV genotypes 16, 18, and 45 had statistically significant differences (32.0%, 9.7%, and 11.4%, respectively, p&lt;0.001). The prevalence of HPV type 16 was characterized by an asymmetric distribution between STIs, demonstrating maximum values for urogenital candidiasis, anogenital warts, and chlamydial infection (40.7–36.8%) and lower values for anogenital herpes and cytomegalovirus infection (28.3–26.8%, p=0.02). The prevalence of CIN in the group of patients with STIs (11.8%) significantly exceeded the indicator in all examined patients (5.0%, p&lt;0.001). The combination of STIs with a single HPV type was the most common coinfection (92%). The presence of multiple HPV infections during coinfection with STIs in patients in the study group did not increase the risk or severity of CIN (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion . The prevalence of HPV among patients with STIs (30.7%) was significantly higher than in the comparison group (p&lt;0.001). In HPV and STI coinfections, a high prevalence of HPV type 16 (25–40.7%) and CIN of varying severity (3.7–16.7%) was observed. A potentially high risk of carcinogenesis cannot be excluded in cases of HPV coinfections with mycoureaplasmosis and anogenital herpes infection due to the significant prevalence of CIN (12.1–14.1%), comparable to the prevalence of CIN in chlamydial infection (16.7%, p&gt;0.05). The obtained results are consistent with existing data on the negative impact of the association of HPV and chlamydial infection on the risk of neoplasia development and complement the existing knowledge base in terms of assessing the impact of HPV coinfections with mycoureaplasmosis, anogenital herpes, anogenital warts, as well as multiple HPV infections on the risk of carcinogenesis.

Epidemiology of human papillomavirus strains in Southern Nigeria: A cross-sectional analysis.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse group of viruses that primarily infect squamous epithelial cells, often leading to proliferative lesions and various cancers. The HPV capsid is formed from the coassembly of two major capsid proteins, L1 and L2. Notably, the L1 protein can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) that exhibit structural and immunological similarities to the native virus capsid. The assembly of L1 proteins into VLPs involves the formation of the critical repeating pentamer subunits known as capsomeres. However, due to high structural similarities, there are no antibodies that can distinguish between capsomeres and VLPs, making it challenging to work with capsomeres. In this study, we generated and characterized capsomere-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to probe HPV manufacturing process. We prepared high-purity Type16 (T16) capsomeres, and used phage display technology to developed mAbs with high affinity for T16 capsomeres. Using immunoassays and biophysical analyses, we demonstrated that these antibodies bind to conformational epitopes on T16 capsomeres but not T16 VLPs. Furthermore, we established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using one of these antibodies to quantify capsomere in cell lysates. Our findings demonstrate that these capsomere-specific antibodies are valuable tools for probing HPV process intermediates in order to optimized process development.

Comparative analysis of human papillomavirus detection in tissue and urinary/plasmatic exosomes in prostatic adenocarcinoma: Links with clinicopathological parameters.

HPV vaccine discussion and administration in dental primary healthcare settings for oropharyngeal cancer prevention: A systematic review from dental patients' perspectives.

Immunisation program managers' experiences of implementing the change from a two dose to a single dose course of HPV vaccination in Australia's school-based program.

Innovative minicircle DNA vector encoding pri-miR-375 silences E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HPV16-positive CaSki cells.

Increasing HPV vaccine promotion by dental providers: A clinical trial protocol.

Programmable CRISPR-mediated gold nanoparticle adhesion for visual colorimetric detection.

Incorporation of HPV-DNA molecular test into the Brazilian healthcare system.

Multi-centre clinical validation of the NeuMoDx HPV assay for ASC-US / LSIL triage.