ABSTRACT The fusion of artificial intelligence and neurotechnology has rendered the human mind increasingly accessible to external decoding and manipulation, challenging traditional boundaries of mental privacy under international human rights law. This article argues that the current framework, predominantly reliant on the relative and consent-based right to privacy under Article 17 of the ICCPR, is structurally insufficient to address the distinctive risks posed by these emerging technologies. While existing privacy and data protection frameworks remain an important starting point, practices capable of accessing or shaping mental states may implicate not merely informational privacy but also the protected inner sphere of thought under Article 18. Drawing on a comparative analysis of regulatory developments in Chile, the European Union, the United States, and China, as well as recent developments within United Nations human rights mechanisms, the article maps the limitations of existing approaches. It then proposes five core principles as a structured foundation for a future international normative framework. These principles are intended not as definitive solutions but as a basis for the international community to refine and ultimately translate into operational legal standards.

The use of AI to generate art has sparked responses ranging from fascination to anger and resistance, raising fundamental questions about the nature of creativity and human artistic identity. This paper argues that the devaluation of AI-generated work stems in part from disruptions to culturally ingrained lay theories of creativity. These intuitive frameworks link artistic value to human creative performance, particularly the perceived “spark” of embodied insight and a coherent history of generative human agency. Unlike traditional creative processes, AI is perceived as proceduralizing the associative processes underlying creative insight, producing artifacts in which the link between the creative performance and the artistic outcome is no longer readily reconstructible. This shift generates a psychological gap: observers may recognize the aesthetic quality of an artifact while struggling to anchor it to a coherent human generative process. Drawing on frameworks of agency mapping, artistic communication, and appraisal-based emotion, the analysis shows how AI disrupts the mechanisms that audiences rely on to value and categorize art. Rather than tracking surface cues in the artifact, these mechanisms depend on reconstructing a human creative performance that links intention, process, and outcome into a unified generative history. When this reconstruction fails, artifacts no longer reliably satisfy mechanisms such as magical contagion, the extended self, the artistic design stance, and communicative inference, all of which depend on perceiving a human mind as the originating source of creative action. This structural breakdown elicits two core emotional responses: aesthetic anger, triggered by violations of expectations about human creative authorship, and ontological unease, arising from the simulation of uniquely human creative processes by a non-biological system. The paper further examines organizational framings of AI-generated art—as Tool, Collaborator, or Threat—highlighting how these interpretations attempt to stabilize uncertainty in agency reconstruction. Understanding these cognitive and emotional dynamics clarifies why AI-generated art provokes resistance even when its outputs are aesthetically compelling.

Implicit representations of red color in Chinese culture.

The origin of architectural form can be found in primary visionaries and narrations of the creator, representing the power of human mind to imagine and to reason, relating to the figurative and narrative codes of communication. According to some philosophical theories, the initial ideas, expressed by abstracts, precede the real forms. To bring the architectural form into existence, the creator must have the ability to encode and decode the information and to convert the abstracts into forms and the narrations into visionaries. The recent rapid development of artificial intelligence raises the question of whether AI can be as creative as humans. The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of two creative sessions conducted separately with architecture students and with AI, based on the same scenario, the aim of which was to find the best architectural expression of the idea of chromatism.

ABSTRACT The AI duplication thesis claims that AI systems which are identical to humans on an abstract functional level of description relevant to psychology and behaviour (‘AI duplicates’) are nomologically possible. First, we argue that the AI duplication thesis should be understood in terms of the identity of medium-independent computational properties, and that medium-independence should not be understood as a special case of multiple realisability. Second, thus understood, AI duplicates are indeed nomologically possible. In favour of the first, we show that the arguments against multiple realisability do not rule out that mental states are medium-independent computational states. In favour of the second, we show that the possibility of AI duplicates follows from the medium-independent character of computational properties, and the general ability to find equivalencies between medium-independent properties across systems. There are two key takeaways from our analysis. First, human minds are, to an important extent, independent of physical structure; very different kinds of materials, including of conventional AI, can function to implement their computational states. Second, we have removed one key obstacle to the view that artificial systems can have minds. If computational identity is sufficient for mental similarity/identity, then it would follow that AI systems can have minds.

ABSTRACT Kantian philosophy is usually understood to be an exposition of a priori principles of cognition and morality that have been retrieved from the human mind. This paper and the larger study on which it is based explore a different kind of approach. What if Kantian philosophy is grounded not in timeless principles retrieved from the mind but in ascetic devices gathered from history? Approached in this way, Kant’s arguments assume the form of strenuous exercises for attending to and shaping a ‘higher’ kind of self. This is a self whose spiritual elevation consists in its disclosure of pure cognitive and moral principles concealed within a timeless intelligence. Such is the towering spiritual self of the Kantian philosopher crafted through Kant’s philosophical ascesis.

Purpose How do consumers evaluate fashion information from artificial intelligence versus a human expert, and under what conditions is one more persuasive? This research examines evaluations of fashion information based on its source – human or AI – and how these evaluations, reflected in attitude and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) (Study 1), are moderated by information type (Study 2; creative vs. analytical) and temporal focus (Study 3; past vs. future). Design/methodology/approach Three between-subjects experiments manipulated the source, information type and temporal focus of fashion information. Respondents were US residents aged 18 or older. Analyses were conducted via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and moderated mediation models. Findings Across studies, consumers consistently preferred human sources. Study 1 showed that human-generated fashion design trend information produced significantly more favourable attitudes and e-WOM. Study 2 found the human preference was significant in creative domains but not in analytical ones, consistent with humans' strength in aesthetic judgement. Study 3 demonstrated that the human advantage was significant in past-focused but not in future-focused content, underscoring humans' strength in interpreting past events. Practical implications Fashion retailers should align source types with content characteristics, emphasising human expertise in creative and retrospective contexts. Originality/value Integrating source credibility, algorithm aversion, mind perception and certainty–uncertainty framework, this research develops a unified explanation of when source effectiveness varies in fashion contexts and identifies boundary conditions where content characteristics (information type and temporal focus) align with the source to shape persuasive outcomes.

Retraction Note: Psychological Impact of Languages on the Human Mind: Research on the Contribution of Psycholinguistics Approach to Teaching and Learning English.

Our cognitive processes are largely shaped by what is present in our environment, while absences are often overlooked. This fundamental tendency of the human mind can lead to a significant social bias: individuals frequently fail to notice the absence of minority groups, even in situations where that absence is meaningful and consequential (e.g., educational settings, workplaces). In three preregistered field studies conducted across two cultures, we found robust evidence for blindness to minority absence. Our findings reveal that this blindness can persist for years, even among individuals who, once the absence is pointed out, acknowledge its significance and the need to address it. Eight preregistered laboratory experiments confirm that people are unlikely to detect the absence of a minority group. As our results indicate, people are more likely to notice the presence of a single minority member than the group's complete absence. In contrast, the absence of majority group members is far more noticeable. These patterns emerge even when monetary incentives for accuracy are introduced, regardless of participants' ideologies or social attitudes, and are evident even among individuals from minority groups. The final experiment suggests that highlighting an overlooked minority absence leads to higher stated support for diversity-promoting policies. Taken together, our findings suggest that basic cognitive constraints bias what people spontaneously notice in social environments: minority absences often go unnoticed, while majority absences and minority presences are more readily perceived. We propose that this bias may present a significant barrier to fostering inclusive social environments.

The human mind, with its vast capacities for thought, emotion, and action, has long been a subject of profound fascination and scientific inquiry. Concepts such as "intelligence" and "personality" are woven into the fabric of our daily language, used to describe ourselves and others, to explain successes, and to understand failures. Yet, for much of history, these concepts remained in the realm of the abstract, accessible only through introspection and philosophical debate. The field of psychometrics represents a monumental shift in this understanding, providing the scientific framework to translate these abstract psychological constructs into tangible, measurable, and comparable data. The role of neurogenetic varna personality traits matrix has the entailed determination action of stress predispositions of humans that can relate epigenetics and stress influence over cognitive intelligence during the employee work settings and relatedness towards ancient varna system depicted in Manusmriti and Santana Dharmashastras. At its core, psychometrics is the science of psychological measurement. It encompasses the theory and techniques used to design, validate, and apply assessment tools that quantify individual differences in abilities, attitudes, and behavioural traits. This endeavour is not merely academic; it has profound and far-reaching practical implications. The scores derived from psychometric tests inform some of the most critical decisions in a person's life, from educational placement and clinical diagnosis to career selection and legal judgments. A well-constructed test can illuminate a path for a struggling student, help a clinician tailor a therapeutic intervention, or guide an organization in building a more effective team. Conversely, a poorly designed or improperly used test can lead to misunderstanding, bias, and significant harm. This report delves into the practical applications of psychometrics, focusing on the two most foundational and widely assessed domains of human individuality: intelligence and personality. It is structured into two comprehensive parts.

This short paper will argue that one of the most pressing issues related to the attention economy is the subjugation of cognitive capacity to conditions of neuro-capitalism, including through psychological discipline, biopolitically-weaponized mindfulness, and transhumanist interventions. In so doing, it will also consider how traditional concepts of the human fail to account for the myriad ways humans interact with technologies that may enhance or diminish their capacity to contribute to, and participate in, the attention economy. Collectively, these issues highlight an ethical obligation for those working within neuroscience to consider the biopolitical implications of their work within the capitalist paradigm of work intensification and cognitive optimization. Using the example of generative AI tools in the workplace, the paper will conclude that such innovations fall within the scope of cognitive enhancements when considered within the attention economy, where offloading cognitive load onto technology represents a productivity shortcut designed to extract more value from the human mind through human-machine teaming.

ABSTRACT This article is a response to a quiet crisis in gifted education: the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) as a potentially existential threat to human excellence (intelligence, talent, creativity, and wisdom) and, consequently, gifted and talented education. The article has three parts and is organized around eight arguments. The first part concerns the opportunities and challenges that the pervasive and profound influences of AI bring to gifted and talented education (the good, bad, and ugly of an age of AI). The second part concerns the need to clarify what we believe in and value: the power of the human mind, the power of human experience, and the power of human creativity and wisdom. The third part is a proposal to redefine giftedness and talent in a way that would strengthen the impact of gifted and talented education in the age of AI, by working with AI for developing human instrumentality, by working beyond AI to develop humanity and purpose, and by working above AI to assert control and leadership over technological development. Together, they make the transformational imperative for gifted and talented education for the decades to come.

ABSTRACT In this paper, I offer a suggestion for incorporating a set of texts in philosophy of mind, written by or about women, that concern how we can improve or emend our understanding, or philosophy of education. These texts challenge a current assumption in philosophy of mind – that the human mind comes fully formed – while also demonstrating the social nature of human cognitive development, challenging more individualist accounts. These texts and the questions they raise highlight that our awareness of the world, our ability to represent and reason about it, subsists alongside habit formation, and that cultivating both reason and proper habits or virtues is important not only for each of us epistemically as individuals but also for the well-functioning of human society. The suggestion situates familiar canonical figures such as Descartes, Spinoza, and Locke alongside Marie le Jars de Gournay, François Poulain de la Barre, Madame de Maintenon, and Mary Astell.

Modern artificial intelligence systems, such as large language models, are increasingly powerful but also increasingly hard to understand. Recognizing this problem as analogous to the historical difficulties in understanding the human mind, we argue that methods developed in cognitive science can be useful for understanding large language models. We propose a framework for applying these methods based on the levels of analysis that David Marr proposed for studying information processing systems. By revisiting established cognitive science techniques relevant to each level and illustrating their potential to yield insights into the behaviour and internal organization of large language models, we aim to provide a toolkit for making sense of these new kinds of minds. This article is part of the theme issue 'World models in natural and artificial intelligence'.

Although artificial intelligence has exploded for the last couple of years, the idea of comparing the human mind with a computer is not new. One may say that Alan Turing started this movement, and this idea got off to a flying start in psychology through the symposium arranged by the "Special Interest Group in Information Theory" at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sept. 10-11, 1956. This symposium was sponsored by IBM, and Noam Chomsky presented for the first time his ideas about a transformational generative grammar. There were several contributors to the cognitive revolution, but Chomsky's presentation of a linguistic system with a level of precision comparable with mathematics was symptomatic for how a cognitive model for the human mind aimed to be conceptualized. This has brought the question about artificial intelligence to the core of psychology, namely how it can be understood as a model for the human mind. Psychology and its understanding of the human mind have changed along the last 500 years of the Western psychology. After a short presentation of some of the premises for artificial intelligence of today and some aspects of the idea behind the computational mind, these perspectives are compared with the very early use of the term 'psychology' in the early 16th century. The role of classical logic as a model for the human mind was at stake back then and one of the main factors that paved the way for psychology was that Aristotelian logic was criticized and questioned as a model for the human mind. On the other hand, the importance of classical logic has never been completely outdated Consequently, for the last 500 years Western psychology can in many ways be characterized as an incessant battle about the role of logic in the understanding of the human mind. However, the conclusion is that AI of today presupposes an understanding of the human mind that has been outdated for more than 500 years.

Sexual arousal is a multidimensional construct encompassing physiological, emotional, motivational, and cognitive components. The information-processing models of sexual response posit that sexual arousal can be unconsciously triggered by exposure to sexual stimuli. However, the empirical research supporting this claim is limited and largely based on the heterosexual population. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the pre-attentional processing of sexual stimuli in the non-hetero/allosexual population (individuals experiencing non-heterosexual attraction) and its associations with sexual arousal propensities. We have employed the breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm to measure the breakthrough time of sexually explicit versus non-sexual and neutral stimuli into the awareness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) participants. Sexually explicit stimuli were expected to trigger more pre-attentional resources, resulting in lower response times until detection compared to other types of stimuli. Moreover, the faster detection of sexual stimuli was expected to be associated with LGB participants´ propensity for higher sexual excitation and lower sexual inhibition traits. Despite such expectations, findings did not support the assumption that sexually explicit stimuli are detected faster; similarly, no associations were found between response times toward the critical stimuli and participants’ sexual excitation and inhibition tendencies. While the current results extend on the literature by adding how non-heterosexual/allosexual individuals detect sexual stimuli at early stages of information processing, the current evidence does not support previous theoretical models, pointing to the complexities underpinning how sexualized stimuli unveil to the human mind.

The Faradarmani Consciousness Field is non-physical in nature, and its influence begins through the human mind. In a previous study using fMRI, it was shown that specific brain regions in trained individuals, known as Faradarmangars, became activated or deactivated during the task state involving the use of this field. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), as a non-invasive method, allows for the assessment of changes in brain function and metabolism during exposure to the Faradarmani Consciousness Field. In this study, changes in the output spectrum from the MRS method were analyzed without focusing on any specific metabolite, accompanied by the calculation of Shannon entropy based on the distribution of spectral values. In fact, through this analysis, prior to the detailed examination of each individual metabolite, we gain insight into possible overall metabolic changes in the brains of Faradarmangars based on the obtained spectrum. This research significantly contributes to understanding general metabolic changes involved in brain activation and deactivation, as well as identifying the contrast between activated and deactivated areas based on the quantitative metric of entropy. According to the results of this study, the MRS spectrum showed an approximately 30% overall reduction in amplitude in the brain's activation region and about a 20% decrease in the Shannon entropy of amplitude distribution in comparison to the average control group. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in these parameters in the deactivated region.

Reconstructing the complex human behaviours that manifest in the Palaeolithic archaeological record remains an elusive but important challenge for capturing traces of how the human mind evolved. The roughly 1.5 million years of handaxe-making throughout the Acheulean provides a consistently preserved manifestation of hominin technological skills. Here, we analyse 1108 3D scans of handaxes from 12 sites in the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa and the southern Levant spanning much of the Acheulean. We set out to chart the evolution of Acheulean toolmaking skill using a suite of computational 3D methods to quantify how well these handaxes have been thinned, shaped, and sharpened; traits which demand manual dexterity, planning, and hierarchical cognition. We find evidence that cognitive evolution likely played a role in improvements in handaxe-making skill, but only in the first half of the Acheulean. The most skilfully made handaxes among our sample begin to be made by about one million years ago. Any increases in cranial capacity, cognitive complexity, or manual dexterity after this point do not make a noticeable impact on how skilfully handaxes were made, and nor does raw material quality. Instead, the techno-morphology of handaxes appears to be relatively untethered from evolutionary constraints after about a million years ago, at which point we need to seek alternative explanations for handaxe variability. Above all, we show that the difficult pursuit of lowering bifacial asymmetry was more often achieved than any other skilful attribute, suggesting it was a fundamental goal of handaxe-making. Attempting to maintain 3D symmetry appears to be a common goal throughout the entire Acheulean and was routinely achieved by its second half. This capacity to consistently maintain bifacial balance while knapping was in place by at least 1.0 Ma, revealing the evolved technological abilities and hierarchical cognition of Acheulean hominins. • We analyse 1108 3D scans of Acheulean handaxes from 12 sites from the Great Rift Valley. • Computational 3D methods were used to estimate how skilfully each handaxe was made. • Hominins enacted handaxe reduction sequences with equivalent fidelity on raw materials of different qualities. • Early improvements in handaxe-making skill were likely governed by cognitive evolution, but not later improvements. • Acheulean knappers appear to be aiming to minimise bifacial asymmetry and routinely achieved this by one million years ago.

Bharata’s “Rasa Theory” is a significant contribution to Indian aesthetics. He describes various events and experiences in a person’s life through the concept the rasa (essence or flavor). In every situation, people experience different emotions, and through drama and dance, these emotions are brought to life. Bharata’s theory transports the audience to a state where they forget themselves and become deeply connected to the characters’ emotions. It is suggested that every object has an emotional impact that affects the human mind, showing the relationship between emotions and their effects on individuals. Rooted in a literary context, the Rasa theory has become an important framework in literary theory, linking artistic expression to human experience and grounding it in reality. Bharata’s Rasa theory suggests that art is more than mere entertainment – it allows us to experience the essence of our shared human emotions. The Theory’s deep understanding of emotional dynamics continues to inspire and shape the performing art, demonstrating the timeless wisdom of ancient Indian thought. This article explores the application of Rasa theory in the Sangam text Nedunalvadai (The long good winter wind), a classical Tamil poem belonging to Sangam literature. It examines how the evocation of emotions enhances the poem’s thematic depth, particularly in portraying separation, longing and inner emotional landscapes. Adopting a literary analytical approach, the study investigates how Bharata’s aesthetics framework can be applied to Nedunalvadai, thereby deepening the understanding of emotional expression within Sangam poetry.

Given your present workplace attendance a makeover in the digital age, going tech isn't simply a trend; it's a requirement for increasing efficiency. We need human minds to focus on more vital duties like strategy and positioning rather than manual administration and record keeping as work becomes more complex and competition becomes more intense. Managing faculty attendance and timekeeping is one of Nanaguan Elementary School's main concerns. Our employees are our most valuable asset, therefore keeping correct records of their working hours, shifts, and vacation time is critical. In reality, it has the potential to significantly improve the school's operations, as well as its production and efficiency. To solve the concerns, this study created a web-based Daily Time Record Management System. The project discusses the idea of the Agile model, which is more adaptable and less efficient in terms of scope and requirements. Installing a Daily Time Record Management System can verify that your employees' records are accurate and that you are in compliance with labor rules. The system was also assessed using the ISO 25010 quality standard, and it was determined to be very satisfactory and compliant, with a total mean of 4.73, indicating "Strongly Agree." Hence, this approach streamlines and simplifies your job while also reducing errors.