Human Instinct Research Articles

The Sustainable Development Goals of the Commodity Economy Deeply Influence the Diversity of Sexual Life

Human sexuality is different from other species in nature in that it is creative, accessible, and responsible; however, it is this creativity that makes sexual life differentiated, and sexual orientations become rich and diverse. Discrimination against people is not only about occupation, income, sexuality, or gender becomes discrimination against people. To achieve the goal of sustainable development, there is no discrimination against people, so this content is approached from the methodology of human philosophy and social philosophy, at the same time combining qualitative methods to analyze, synthesize, compare, contrast, and reverse to clarify the transformation of sexual life in the commodity economy. The result of this content is to explain that human sexual life is creative; it depends on the object of satisfaction. Sex does not depend on space, time, or specific objects, but occupation, goods, and money also govern the market economy. The conclusion of the article affirms that life is human satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction is not only human instinct but also human creativity. Human satisfaction differs from satisfaction with things without humans, which is satisfaction with loneliness, isolation, and unhappiness. Humans become different types of goods serving the life of money, posing a challenge to the goal of sustainable development in the commodity economy. However, there must be practical solutions to survive and maintain the race, bringing humans back to a creative sexual life and responsible reproduction to achieve the goal of sustainable development in the commodity economy.

Analysing The Understanding Of Childfree Practitioners From Islamic Academia On The Hadith About Multiplying Offspring

Childfree has been a phenomenon that has attracted public attention since its emergence in 2013. There is opposition in society to childfree because it goes against human instinct and nature and Indonesian culture that understands many children's sustenance. This article investigates the childfree trend among Islamic academics, exploring their understanding of the hadith that explicitly encourages Muslims to multiply offspring by taking into account the social dynamics that influence this understanding and choice. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, through in-depth interviews with seven Islamic academics who choose to go child-free. The results show that in understanding the hadith they tend to understand it contextually. This leads to the conclusion that the hadith is a recommendation, not an obligation, for married couples who have mental readiness, physical health, economic stability, and desire to have children. Other things that influence this understanding are spousal support and the great challenges of educating children today. Despite facing social pressures, the informants maintained their commitment to being child-free but remained open to re-evaluating in the future. This study highlights the complexity of childfree decision-making, which is influenced by personal, social and religious factors

She-Search: The Fertile Ground of Black Indigenous Methods (BIM) in Qualitative Inquiry

Educational research methodologies are often situated in the onto-epistemologies of patriarchal whiteness. Lacking critical emotionality, these designs repress human instinct for the fallacy of scientific objectivity. The life-giving methods and methodologies employed by many Black women educational researchers oppose these positivist designs. In this context guided by our collective “she-searches,” we conceptualize Black indigenous methods (BIMs). Engaging in the Black feminist tradition of storytelling, we recount our application of Black indigenous interview method by “she-telling” our lived raced and gendered experiences with our communities. Thus, we unearth the fertile ground of BIM and offer insight into our methodological sense-making for researchers.

Penetrating Language

In this paper, consideration is given to contemporary culture’s impact on language and its communicative potential. Drawing on psychoanalytic understanding of the human herd instinct, particularly in time of strife, this essay outlines what the “talking cure” has to offer as counterpoint to group think and as a means to enter into all that is idiosyncratic and individual in the use of language.

Individualising collectivity: Rethinking the individualism–communitarianism debate in the context of students’ resilience during the Covid-19 era

The emergence of Covid-19 and its diverse impacts on human life ushered in the need to rethink some of the old ideas that humans have lived by. The desire to preserve human life amid threatening circumstances, without giving up on the values of life, requires the reordering of critical sectors of social existence. Against this backdrop, the paper aims to achieve three principal objectives. First, with the Covid-19 pandemic in mind, it reinterprets the individualist-communitarian debate. Second, it argues that the human instinct for self-preservation, reinforced by the Covid-19 pandemic, forcefully compels the concept of a person torn between the individual’s efforts to survive and a community committed to an environment enabling survival. Third, the paper extrapolates the concept of ‘person’ developed in objective two to reflect on students’ resilience in the context of the ‘new normal’ that has characterized academic success during Covid-19. While employing philosophical methods of conceptual and critical analyses to achieve these objectives, the paper concludes that academic success among students in the Covid-19 era has demanded the effort of willing students, combined with a supportive responsible community.

Studying the Place of Transcendental Ideals and Human Instincts in Modern Psychology: An Insight into the Alternative Discourse of Mohammad Rafi-ud-Din

The integration of psychological and natural sciences is an ongoing process that aims to understand the human mind in the context of the natural world. Rafi-ud-Din has made significant contributions to this field with his concept of human nature and psychology. He argues that the urge for ideals is the real, ultimate, and sole dynamic power of human actions, and that it finds its roots not in instincts but in something transcendental and metaphysical. He describes man as a spiritual and moral self that has innate knowledge of good and evil, and builds his own discourse to describe human nature in the light of the Qur’ān. He also addresses the influential theories of Marx, Freud, Adler, and MacDougall at length and critiques the ideas that view human nature as primarily driven by instincts, arguing that this view reduces man to the status of a social animal and ignores the spiritual and moral dimension of human existence. His alternative discourse on the role of instincts in human psychology and the place of transcendent ideals in understanding man offers a unique perspective on this topic, and his work is an important contribution to the ongoing debate on the integration of psychological and natural sciences. This paper aims to study the ideas and approaches of Rafi-ud-Din about Human Nature and his efforts to refute the thoughts of modern thinkers.

Analysis of Ambiguity, Vagueness, Fuzziness, Uncertainty, Possibility and Probability in the Natural Language Semantics with Fuzzy Logic

Understanding the esotericism of human instinct in their daily life conversation is not enough then a mystery now. This is a bundle of ambiguity, vagueness, fuzziness, uncertainty, possibility and probability as a wrap that humans have built around themselves. With the advancement in artificial Intelligence, natural language processing is more capable now to work with real world and performing intelligent analysises. The real world has interactions between natural and artificial intelligent systems. Despite all it, humans retained their superiority over artificial intelligent systems. The fuzzy Logic can play an important computational role in understanding this intelligence gap in clear dimensions. Logical Semantics, Distributional Semantics and Probabilistic Logic are focused on their intention for better natural language semantic representations. But no single semantic representation fulfills all requirements needed for a satisfactory representation. The objective of the present work has two folds. The first one focused on the understanding of fuzzy logic in two dimensions as an intelligence computational technique and another as mathematical modeling of natural language semantics. The second fold illustrates this intelligence gap with real world examples of natural language processing applications such as Google and Microsoft Translator.

The Correlation between Self-esteem and Personal Characteristics of MZ Generation's Cosmetics Purchase

In modern society, each individual's personality is important and aesthetic standards are changing day by day. It is also a human instinct to emphasize beauty from others. It is emerging as an important factor in purchasing cosmetics that express these aesthetic needs. In this study, the purpose of the study on the effects of cosmetics purchase, self-esteem, and personal characteristics targeting the MZ generation, which is currently the most actively consumed and socially active, is as follows. First, we examine the difference in self-esteem from purchasing cosmetics with general characteristics. Second, it examines the difference in personal characteristics according to the purchase of cosmetics with general characteristics. Third, we examine the correlation between self-esteem and personal characteristics of MZ generation's cosmetics purchase. Fourth, it examines the effect of self-esteem on personal characteristics of MZ generation's cosmetics purchase. All empirical analyses in this study were verified at the significance level of 5%, and statistical processing was analyzed using the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Specific analysis methods are as follows. 1. Frequency analysis was conducted to find out the general characteristics of the survey subjects. 2. A factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity of the questions on self-esteem and personal characteristics, and the reliability was judged by Cronbach's coefficient. 3. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to find out the average and standard deviation of self-esteem and individual characteristics. 4. To find out the difference in self-esteem and individual characteristics according to the general characteristics of the survey subjects, t-test and one-way variance analysis were conducted, and significant differences were tested at p<.05 through Scheffe's multi-range test. 5. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between self-esteem and personal characteristics. 6. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to find out the effect of self-esteem on individual characteristics. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the difference in self-esteem according to the general characteristics of the survey subjects was significant in the difference in self-esteem according to age, marital status, and the number of cosmetics purchases. Second, in the difference in individual characteristics according to the general characteristics of the survey subjects, the difference in individual characteristics according to gender, age, and number of cosmetics purchases was significant. Third, in the correlation between self-esteem and individual characteristics, individual characteristics had high positive correlations in the order of self-esteem optimism, interpersonal relationships, and confidence. All were found to have a high positive correlation with self-esteem. Fourth, as a result of conducting multiple regression analysis to find out the effect of self-esteem on individual characteristics, the estimated model was found to be significant as a result of variance analysis on the model. It was significant as a result of conducting multiple regression analysis to find out the effect of self-esteem on optimism. It was significant as a result of multiple regression analysis to find out the effect of self-esteem on self-efficacy. It was significant as a result of multiple regression analysis to find out the effect of self-esteem on resilience.

Machiavelli’s State as a Punishment for the Violence of the Law in the Context of Human Animal Instinct

In order to amend the philosophical, political and legal understanding of that personality who managed to study and structure the monumental work of the state "The Prince" so nicely, it is necessary to understand what subject content there is on which the academic life was mined and grown and Machiavelli's philosophy. The latter being one of the brightest minds in the field of the study of the state and, to understand it, it is necessary to study the cultural and intellectual environment, the product of which was our Philosopher. Viewed in this context, it is necessary to understand the European city of Florence, the main city-state of the Renaissance, where Machiavelli was born. This should be accompanied by the study of the city-state of Firenze, in relation to other Italian states with which it had extensive and very intense relations. While, on the other hand, the nature and form of government of the state of Florence, accompanied by the reformers of the state constitution, who inherited it, but remained in their ideas and views until the time of the diocese of the Republic, cannot be left without attention. On the other hand, the study of the non-Italian states, which were in a state of competition with Florence, should be looked at carefully. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

Dream and Archetype: The Perpetuation of Rituals and Myth Enacted in Sparsha

Myths, rituals, and dreams have been common traits of human beings; the underlying structure that underpins the interconnection between them and their inexplicable meanings coherently conjoined within has been a part of investigation. Accordingly, this paper analyzes dreams and archetypes for the formation of rituals in Nabin Chauhan-directed short movie Sparsha in the light of Carl Gustav Jung’s notion of ‘archetype’ and ‘collective unconsciousness’ and Joseph Campbell's understanding of myth. Sparsha presents a contestatory story of father and son because of divergent opinions regarding performing rituals. However, Aarohang, the son, ultimately observes rituals reconciling the discrepancies and difficulties. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that archetype necessitates performing a recursive pattern of behavior that becomes a ritual of a particular group of people, which is an enactment of a myth. In other words, Sparsha represents the conglomeration of archetypes and myths that unconsciously function in dreams, paving the way for observing the myths in the form of rituals. The paper discloses ritual has a long psychological trial deeply rooted in human instinct, conditioned by unconscious force and dream manifestation, and grilled by mythological narratives. This connection is the primary source that fuels the mechanism that perpetuates the domain of rituals thereby clinging to mythology.

مسلم عائلی زندگی :تہوار اور سماجی اثرات کا تجزیاتی جائزہ

The main focus of human instinct is one's own family, from which one finds physical, mental, moral, intellectual and spiritual peace. According to art experts, the first unit of family life is husband and wife and then their children also become a part of this system. The joint family system is also a form of family life in Pakistan. Man by nature prefers to live together instead of being isolated, so naturally he cannot be confined to his family, but by marriage and kinship he connects with many other families, when many families of different regions and languages. Inevitably, along with Islamic festivals, cultural and national festivals such as Eid, Shab-e-Barat, Mangani, Mahindi, Rakshati, Aqeeqah and many other festivals of happiness and sorrow become part of the society which has positive and negative effects. Individually and collectively affect the personality of every human being, especially the competition in appearance and display to maintain family dignity not only increases the financial burden on family heads / parents but also causes diseases like jealousy and resentment due to these festivals which in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah, the remedy is inevitable.

Contours of Sexuality in Roy’s The God of Small Things

This study aims at analyzing the contours of sexuality, obscenity and incest in Arundhati Roy’s debut novel, The God of Small Things to mark how the novelist deconstructs the naturalized and normalized social, ethical, and cultural values in the Indian society. The illicit relationship between the central character of the novel and a divorced woman, Ammu and the servant of her family, Velutha, the incest between Estha and Rahel, an incident where an old man forces Estha to masturbate, and the sensual affair of Baby Kochamma with Father Mulligan are some of the highly charged obscene details in the novel that invite a keen rationale for the research. The research utilizes the theoretical framework of psychoanalysis and radical feminism that deal with sexuality, feminine sexuality, and sibling incest to observe Roy’s motive for emphasizing on pornographic drives. Both Freudian psychoanalysts and radical feminists deal with the sex overtly taking it as the basic human instinct. The research finding is that Roy emphasizes the graphic description of sexual acts among members of family and different castes to cherish beauty found in ‘small things’, to mystify the mundane, to examine the issues of unethical sex in revolutionary South-Asian societies. It is expected that people interested in researching libidinal issues in Roy in particular, and South-Asian literature in general, can take the paper as a reference.

Вплив стресофакторів на стан організму людини та органів і тканин порожнини рота (огляд літератури)

Abstracts. In today’s environment, every citizen of Ukraine is exposed to varying degrees of psycho-emotional and physical stress. It is impossible to underestimate the negative impact of stressors on the tissues and organs of the oral cavity in particular, as quite often the first signs of general pathologies appear in this complex. The aim of the study is to analyse data from scientific literature sources and provide updated information on the impact of psycho-emotional stress on the development of periodontal diseases in the current conditions. Materials and Methods. The bibliosemantic method was used to clarify the state of the problem, to study the analysis of the results of previous scientific research based on the sources of literature and electronic resources. Research results and discussion. The current conditions dictated by the war on the territory of our country is cause a state of permanent stress among the population of Ukraine, which is related to the basic human instinct of survival. In general, a person can be affected by one or more groups of objective causes of stress. The citizens of Ukraine are experiencing severe stress as a result of the ongoing conflict. This includes combatants, relatives and friends of these combatants, civilians living in the area close to the hostilities, the wounded, medical workers, and internally displaced persons. The stress factor provokes the emergence and rapid development of new mental and somatic diseases, it leads to the progression of existing diseases, but the reaction to the stimulus is different for each person and is an individual manifestation. The state of the oral cavity is a very sensitive complex to any changes in the body’s homeostasis, and often the first signs of general pathologies appear in it. Among the significant risk factors that contribute to the development and aggravate the course of periodontal disease, stress is one of the most important. Long-term exposure to stress can suppress the acquired immune response, causing an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Experimental studies in rat glands have demonstrated that acute stress induces dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the gland, resulting in a reduction in its protein synthesis function. Psychological stress can contribute to disruption of the usual lifestyle, which adversely affects hygiene. Conclusions. After analysing scientific research data and reports on the current state of psycho-somatic health of people in Ukraine in modern realities, it is obvious that the prevalence and intensity of periodontal tissue diseases may have a new negative development. The peculiarities of the development, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in people experiencing severe psycho-emotional and sometimes physical stress require additional study and analysis. Key words: psycho-emotional stress, stress factor, periodontium, oral cavity

Arzu ve Karanlığın Melodileri: Morte a Venezia ve La Pianiste Filmlerinde Film Müziği Yoluyla Eros ve Thanatos'un Kişileştirilmesi

Sound and music, a significant issue in film studies, and associated phenomena, such as leitmotiv and diegetic/ non-diegetic music are essential notions as they serve many functions in the film experience of the audience. Sound and music, in general, have emerged as supportive elements for image and narrative in the art of cinema. Music is used in films to form a completeness with the images. In addition to these functions, film music has a significant place in terms of underlining the frames of mind of characters and expressing the emotions that are not spoken and not shown on the screen. Luchino Visconti used movements from Gustav Mahler’s third and fifth symphonies in Morte a Venezia (1971). The meanings brought by Mahler’s music almost move with the mood of Aschenbach, the main character of the film. Similarly, Michael Haneke used Schubert’s compositions in his film La Pianiste (2001). The troubles, emotional fluctuations, and oppositions experienced by Erika, who is the protagonist of the film, are also embodied in Schubert’s music, and thus the layers of meaning in both films increase with the music. In this article, the use of music in these two films is examined in terms of having similar functions. In addition, by referring to psychoanalytic theory, the reflection of the two most basic human instincts, life and death instincts, on music and characters was also examined and it was aimed to create an authentic perspective on film music.

FREUD’S VIEW ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND ITS CRITICISM ACCORDING TO ‘AQL AND NAQL

The origin of religion is one of the important issues in the philosophy of religion and new theology (kâlâm), which has always been the source of suspicion among some materialists and atheists. The answer to this question determines the identity of religion and reveals its divine or human aspect. From the perspective of God-believing thinkers, religion has a divine origin and has been legislated by God and Prophets for the guidance of people. On the other hand, materialists and atheist philosophers consider religion an estimate of human will, lust, and ignorance, and instead of a heavenly origin, they believe that religion has an earthly origin, and religion cannot be attributed to an origin beyond this material world and material man. Meanwhile, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) sees the origin of religion in human complexes and instincts, and beyond this, he does not consider any other origin for religion. In this article, with a descriptive-argumentative method and an analytical approach, an attempt is made to investigate and criticize Freud's point of view on the origin of religion. Freud's point of view in terms of reason (‘aql) and inspired transmission (Quranic and hadith principles of Islam, naql) faces some challenges and impasses, such as the inexplicability of the mechanism that instinct of the origin of religion, the mythology of father-son relationship and its uniqueness in Christianity, the irrationality of believing in totemism, ethnic and limited view, as well as Freud's view on the origin of religion. This view conflicts with many Quranic verses and human nature.

Interpretation of Educational Verses Study of the Interpretation of Q.S Al-Baqarah 30-34 (Value and Implications in the World of Islamic Education)

Religious education is a process of teaching, educating and character building as well as stimulating human instincts in realizing awareness of worshiping Allah in order to understand the purpose of humans as abdun. This research aims to analyze, interpret and describe the values of religious education contained in Q.s al-Baqarah: 30-34. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method using a library research approach (library study) through various sources of books, manuscripts, journals sourced from the literature. The research findings show the values of religious education contained in it: first, moral education, namely the morals of a student towards a teacher, morals in seeking knowledge and the prohibition against being arrogant. Second, religious education, that is, people with knowledge are more noble than people without knowledge.

TREN MODIFIKASI SANGGUL PEREMPUAN BALI: ANTARA ESTETIS DAN ETIS

Man always wants beauty because he is a creature of art. The nature of human instincts is also that always wants change to create and modernize to be able to help facilitate every aspect of their lives, even customary, ritual and religious aspects. In the implementation of Hindu religious customs and rituals, especially in Bali, ethics are taught that regulate the dress code of the people. There are three traditional Balinese women's hairdos, namely pusung gonjer, pusung tagel and pusung podgala. Along with the times, modern pusung / buns have also emerged which give the impression of being more aesthetic, practical and simple. This bun modification trend is only loaded with aesthetic elements or even in the realm of ethics which is finally touched by this phenomenon. This qualitative descriptive research seeks to explore and search for the meaning contained in the phenomenon of bun modification trends in Balinese women. From an aesthetic point of view, the trend of bun modification is something positive because it increases artistic creativity. But from an ethical point of view, this phenonema can be observed as a form of change in the behavior of Balinese Hindus who tend to rejoice at the aesthetic level alone and often ignore ethical values which are precisely the most important and basic things. Aesthetics is not hindered but everything must also be adjusted to ethics. It turns out that the bun modification trend also has a positive impact from an ethical point of view which helps her hair styling and has indirectly practiced Hindu ritual ethics.
 Keywords : Sanggul, Perempuan Bali, Estetika Hindu, Etika Hindu

The Way to Achieve “This Culture of Ours”: An Investigation Based on the Viewpoints of Pre-Qin Confucianism and Song Confucianism

The concept of wen 文 has multiple meanings, but it plays an exceptionally important role in the development of Confucianism and Chinese philosophical terms. Pre-Qin Confucianism 先秦儒学 and Song Confucianism (Song dynasty Neo-Confucians 宋代儒学/宋代新儒家) are two important representatives in the history of Confucianism. Confucius has insisted that although the heaven is not going to destroy wen, wen must exist in everyone’s xing 性, and only when placed within a community can it develop. In Pre-Qin Confucianism, wen completed the transformation from the long established social political structure of the Zhou dynasty and its corresponding moral principles to the consciousness of consummate conduct and ritual propriety based on human instinct and humanistic rationality. Song dynasty Neo-Confucians inherited this Confucian mission and developed the spirit of wen in their period. They emphasized the necessity of learning classics and then writing articles to get closer to the heart-mind of sages and then to build a cultural community together. Both Pre-Qin Confucianism and Song Confucianism have been applying their viewpoints to achieve a community, which is “this culture of ours” 斯文.

Exploring the Eco-Psychological Impact of Hyper-Technologized Environments and Ecological Destruction in Anil Menon’s The Beast with Nine Billion Feet

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between human beings and Earth's ecosystems, emphasising their mutualistic reliance on survival. However, contemporary challenges, characterised by excessive resource exploitation and the rise of hyper technologized environments, have resulted in a significant disconnect between humans and nature. This disconnection has precipitated various psychological issues and severed vital bonds between individuals, obstructing adherence to fundamental humanistic principles. Focusing on Anil Menon's book, The Beast with Nine Billion Feet, this paper operates within the framework of eco-psychology, utilising Richard Louv's concept of Nature Deficit Disorder to investigate the widening chasm between humans and nature. Ethical dilemmas, especially concerning the impact of AI and synthetic life forms, have also been explored in this context. The research objective was to unravel the unintended eco-psychological consequences resulting from excessive resource exploitation and an overemphasis on artificial environments. Employing a narrative method, this paper analyses plots, characters, and situations to illustrate this eco-psychological crisis. The main findings underscore Menon's portrayal of characters, showcasing innate human instinct to forge a profound connection with nature. Those residing in proximity to nature lead fulfilling lives, whereas individuals isolated from the environment exhibit varying degrees of Nature Deficit Disorder, compelling them to seek solace in nature.

Islamic View of Human Nature towards Education

Human existence begins with weakness and inability which will then move towards strength. Humans can easily take advantage of the grace and gifts bestowed upon them, but humans must fulfill an obligation to their God. Human dignity before God is not measured by how high their rank and position, their lineage, or their wealth. But when Allah is measured, it is his piety. Humans from the Islamic perspective will still be born in a state of fitrah, namely holy, clean, free from all sins, and have a tendency to accept religion, faith and monotheism. Whether humans become good or bad is a result of education and environmental factors, not their original character. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Bani, quoted by an-Nahlawi, the task of Islamic education is to safeguard and maintain the nature of students, then develop and prepare all the potential they have, by directing the existing nature and potential towards goodness and perfection, and realizing a the program in a more gradual manner. (Nahlawi, 1996) Development of human nature can be done through various learning activities. Namely through an institution. The development of human nature can be done through learning activities. Namely through various institutions. What is meant by unfocused learning is through education at school only, but can also be done outside school, either in the family, community or through existing social and religious institutions. From an Islamic point of view, fitrah is a natural innate tendency from birth. The creation of a creature for the first time is in a natural structure, one of which is human, human since the beginning of his birth has had an innate religion or belief that is passed down from his parents. Apart from being a religion of nature, Islam is also in accordance with human religious instincts and even supports the needs and development of nature.