Human Development Index Research Articles

CIVIL REGISTRATION OF BIRTH, DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON AND RIGHTS IN BRAZIL: SOCIAL INVISIBILITY, UNDOCUMENTED PEOPLE AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN PERSPECTIVE

The text addresses the correlation between civil under-registration and the Human Development Index (HDI) in Brazil, exploring how the lack of basic documentation impacts human development and perpetuates cycles of social exclusion. The study analyzes the historical roots of underreporting, its geographic and demographic distribution, and its effects on the components of the HDI (health, education, and income). The survey highlights the regional disparities in Brazil, with an emphasis on the North and Northeast regions, where the problem is more pronounced. The paper also examines government initiatives to combat under-registration and improve the HDI, highlighting the importance of integrated public policies to promote more equitable and sustainable development in the country.

Exploring the influence of high-technology and environmental factors on human development index: a longitudinal investigation

Exploring the influence of high-technology and environmental factors on human development index: a longitudinal investigation

Analisis Ketimpangan Pengeluaran Konsumsi Antar Kabupaten/Kota di Sumatera Selatan

This research aims to analyze the inequality of per capita consumption expenditure in South Sumatra, the influence of per capita GRDP, education level, population dependency ratio, and Human Development Index among districts/cities in South Sumatra during the period 2012-2023. The research method used is quantitative, with a regression analysis approach to test hypotheses about the relationship between the mentioned variables. Data were obtained from official sources of the South Sumatra Statistics Indonesia (BPS), covering consumption expenditure inequality, education level percentage, population dependency ratio, and the Human Development Index. The results of the analysis show that districts/cities in South Sumatra are categorized as moderately unequal between 0.25-0.35, however, Pali Regency, Musi Rawas Utara Regency, and Musi Rawas Regency have low inequality values < 0.25, while Palembang City and Lubuk Linggau City are almost approaching the very unequal criteria with values of 0.34 and 0.33 respectively. In the estimation of the multiple regression model from 4 (four) independent variables, there are 3 (three) variables that significantly influence per capita consumption expenditure, namely: Population Education Percentage (ED), Population Dependency Ratio (DR), and Human Development Index (IPM).

Payments for forest ecosystem services in China: a multi-function quantitative ecological compensation standard based on the Human Development Index

Forest ecosystems provide many ecosystem services, and payment for these ecosystem services has recently become a policy-relevant issue. This paper puts forward a multi-function quantitative standard (MQECS) for forest ecosystem services based on the Human Development Index and the six distinct forest ecosystem service values. Using the MQECS method, the MQECSi and total ecological compensation amount (TECAi) for forest ecosystem services in Guangdong and Liaoning provinces in 2012 were calculated. The MQECSi of Guangdong and Liaoning were 663.02 and 225.27 RMB·hm−2, and the TECAi of these provinces were 66.82 × 108 and 13.67 × 108 RMB, respectively. The MQECSi of Guangdong is approximately three times that of Liaoning, and the government needs to increase investment per unit forest area by 176.25% and 50.20% of the current compensation amount in Guangdong and Liaoning to achieve the target quantitative compensation standards. Additionally, the MQECS method was also applied to calculate the ecological compensation for forest ecosystem services of different cities in Guangdong and Liaoning. The MQECS method not only considers the local government's ability to pay but also incorporates factors influencing human wellbeing and the valuation of distinct forest ecosystem services. It is suitable for application to current forest management in China.

Endless Growth Does Not Bring Joy: Income Inequality, Human Development, and Happiness—A Cross‐Country Analysis With a Focus on Europe

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the complex relationship between economic development, human development, income inequality, and happiness. It reveals that while GDP per capita correlates positively with the human development index (HDI) and income equality (low GINI), it does not guarantee higher life satisfaction in highly developed countries. The findings suggest that nonmaterial factors such as social cohesion, mental health, and work–life balance are more significant determinants of well‐being once a certain level of economic prosperity is reached. Countries like Norway and Switzerland, despite their high GDP and HDI, demonstrate diminishing returns in terms of happiness. The research highlights the importance of limiting continuous economic growth for both environmental and human well‐being. It advocates for a holistic approach to well‐being, incorporating social factors alongside material wealth. Additionally, the study shows that while income inequality negatively impacts HDI, other factors like governance and health care also play a role. In Europe, the paradox of high GDP countries not reporting increased life satisfaction emphasizes the need for social policies that prioritize quality of life.

Climate Change and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Bibliometric, Content, and Topic Modeling Analysis

This study examines research on the impact of climate change (CC) on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) using bibliometric analysis, topic modeling, and content analysis. Articles published in the Web of Science database between 2000 and 2024 were analyzed. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny were used for bibliometric analysis and Python for topic modeling. In addition, the 50 most cited articles were content analyzed. The results show that there has been an increasing number of publications over time and that the research originates predominantly from high/very high Human Development Index (HDI) countries, especially China and the United States, rather than from low HDI countries. These countries also have strong international cooperation networks. Topic modeling shows that high/very high HDI countries work on a balanced range of topics, while low HDI countries focus primarily on environmental impacts. Thematic analysis shows that research topics are evolving, diversifying, and deepening. As a result, the literature on CC-NCDs is expanding and deepening, thus providing evidence-based information for global public health interventions. However, in countries with low HDI and the most vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, the volume of publications, thematic diversity, and international cooperation are significantly low. Unfortunately, from a public health policy perspective, global climate change is far from being a problem that any country can solve alone. Global cooperation is, therefore, essential.

Earning green by being green: a meta-analysis on corporate environmental responsibility and earnings management

Purpose This study aims to examine companies’ socially responsible behaviors by studying the relationship between different proxies of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and earnings management (EM) with emphasis on companies’ pro-environmental behavior and business ethics domain. Design/methodology/approach This meta-analysis synthesized the results from 31 studies with 110,024 firm-year observations concerning the relationship between CER and EM. The study has used corporate environmental disclosure index, corporate environmental performance ratings (CEPR), corporate environmental performance indicator and environmental regulations as proxies for CER to investigate the meta-results. Furthermore, the research then used emission level (measured using per capita CO2 in metric tons), human development index for economic development, number of environmental mandatory policies (measured using Carrots and Sticks Report 2023) and western vs eastern culture as moderator variables. Findings The findings of this study revealed a significant negative relationship between CER and EM. Among different combined proxies of CER, CEPR reveal a significant and negative relationship with EM. Furthermore, the study suggests that future studies can explore this understudied area using proxies of EM, i.e. real EM, earnings persistence, value relevance and accounting conservatism. Practical implications This study offers insights to managers for transparent auditing and supports CER as a long-term sustainability plan. The regulators need to develop a global framework for environmental responsibility that does not compromise the quality of nonfinancial disclosers. Social implications The findings of this study provide valuable insights for investors to make more informed decisions regarding green investments and suggest implications for policymakers to promote policies related to environmental sustainability and corporate transparency, thereby benefiting both investors and society. On a global scale, this study contributes to discussions concerning the alignment of corporate behavior with long-term environmental and financial integrity. Originality/value The meta-analysis addresses the long-standing two-decade debate of 2003–2023 on whether companies use CER as a transparency tool or use it as a greenwash to conceal their unethical earnings practices. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive view to measure CER using different proxies to examine corporate ethical earnings behavior.

Global landscape of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in 2022 and predictions to 2030: The urgent need to address inequalities in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge worldwide, despite being largely preventable through effective interventions. Timely evidence regarding the global landscape of cervical cancer is crucial for measuring the magnitude of inequalities and monitoring progress towards cervical cancer elimination. We aimed to provide an updated overview of the global burden of cervical cancer using the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. Age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality were presented according to countries, 20 United Nations-defined world regions, and four-tier Human Development Index (HDI) levels. The predicted burden of cervical cancer for 2030 was calculated based on global demographic projections. Globally, an estimated 662,301 new cervical cancer cases and 348,874 deaths occurred in 2022. Substantial geographic disparities in cervical cancer burden existed across countries and world regions. Low HDI countries exhibited two times higher incidence rates and five times higher mortality rates, compared to very high HDI countries. For women aged 15-44 years, cervical cancer ranked among the top three most frequent cancers in 149 countries, and among the top three causes of cancer deaths in 154 countries. If 2022 rates remain unchanged, the global burden of cervical cancer was predicted to increase to 760,082 new cases (a 14.8% increase) and 411,035 deaths (a 17.8% increase) by 2030. Our findings highlight the persistent and widening geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need for tailored national strategies to address these inequalities and accelerate progress towards the goal of cervical cancer elimination.

Do Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Affect Foreign Direct Investment in Asian Countries?

FDI inflows into Asian countries, especially emerging economies, have continued to increase significantly, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to an average of 30% of FDI globally from 2010 to 2022 (UNCTAD, 2023). Numerous earlier research has examined the variables influencing FDI attraction, however, we focus on clarifying how ESG factors influence the attraction of FDI capital flows in 31 Asian countries from 2010 to 2020. The governments in the region have prioritized sustainability in their construction industries and set some of the most aggressive green targets (Pan, 2021). The study applies the least squares regression model, the random effects regression model, and the fixed effect regression model. Notably, FDI inflows show a positive correlation with lower CO2 emissions per capita. However, the impact of the Human Development Index (HDI) on FDI remains inconclusive, as higher HDI levels could either attract or deter foreign investments due to labor cost variations and regulatory factors. Or vice versa, countries with a high HDI can attract FDI, but empirical evidence from the research sample does not indicate a correlation between HDI and FDI. In contrast to our initial assumptions, HDI does not correlate with FDI attraction in Asia's developing nations. Received: 9 January 2025 / Accepted: 23 February 2025 / Published: 02 March 2025

Analisis Terhadap Disparitas Antar Wilayah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Sulawesi Selatan

This study examines economic growth and regional disparities in South Sulawesi Province during the 2019–2023 period, focusing on the development of the Human Development Index (HDI). The urgency of this research lies in understanding the factors influencing HDI growth as a primary indicator of societal welfare and quality of life, particularly in efforts to reduce regional disparities. This study employs a descriptive quantitative method, analyzing secondary data obtained from official publications such as the Central Bureau of Statistics and related agencies, to assess HDI growth trends and compare them with the national average. The findings reveal that South Sulawesi’s HDI has steadily increased from 73.08 in 2020 to 74.60 in 2023. Generally, the province’s HDI achievement is slightly above the national average, which rose from 72.81 in 2020 to 74.39 in 2023. Since 2017, South Sulawesi's human development status has been classified as "high," ranging between 70 and 80. Over the past four years, HDI growth has been within the 0–1 percent range, with significant acceleration in the last two years. In 2021, HDI grew by 0.41 percent, followed by faster growth of 0.79 percent in 2022, and reaching 0.87 percent in 2023, with an increase of 0.64 points compared to the previous year.

Strategi Pemerintah Kota Madiun dalam Penyelenggaraan Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Sosial Masyarakat Perkotaan

The implementation of social welfare development in accordance with the characteristics and capabilities of the Madiun City government is a strategic effort in improving the quality of life and welfare of the people of Madiun City. This study uses a qualitative research methodology, aiming to provide an overview of the various efforts implemented by the Madiun City government in implementing social welfare development for urban communities. The results of the study provide an overview of the perspective of the Madiun City government in implementing social welfare development based on the Human Development Index (HDI), with the direction of social development on equalizing the improvement of the quality of life of the people of Madiun City. The strategic steps of the Madiun City government are to maximize community and private participation and are integrated into social pillars that support social welfare development. The intervention of the Madiun City government by life cycle is a strategic effort by the government in overcoming problems and developing the capabilities of the people of Madiun City through programs based on the life stage of the people of Madiun City. Social services in Madiun City are manifested through various social security, social protection, and social empowerment programs that aim to prevent social risks and vulnerabilities, meet basic needs, and improve the quality of life of the people of Madiun City.

Pengaruh Pembayaran Cashless, Inflasi, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran di Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the developing countries that is still improving its economic development to become a developed country. As a country that is improving its economy, of course Indonesia has macroeconomic problems, one of which is unemployment. Unemployment is defined as a situation where the labour force does not have a job and is actively looking for work. This is due to the limited number of jobs available. This study aims to determine and analyse the effect of non-cash payments, inflation, and HDI on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study using panel data for the period 2019-2023 with 34 provinces in Indonesia as observations. The analysis method used is panel data regression. Based on the model selection results with the Hausman test, the fixed effect model (FEM) is the right model to use in this study. The result shows that the RTGS transaction value variable has a negative and insignificant effect on the unemployment rate with a coefficient of -0.339713. The variable of debit/ATM card transaction value negatively and significantly affects the unemployment rate with a coefficient of -1.829781. The credit card transaction value variable has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate with a coefficient of -5.822728. The inflation variable has a negative and insignificant effect on the unemployment rate with a coefficient of -0.038126. The human development index variable has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate with a coefficient of -0.228593.

Perinatal health outcomes of offspring of internal migrant women according to human development index: a registry-based cohort study of over 10 million live births from Brazil.

Perinatal health outcomes of offspring of internal migrant women according to human development index: a registry-based cohort study of over 10 million live births from Brazil.

Best Method among three Trend Analysis Methods and Its Forecasting

We study the trend analysis methods, namely (1) least square method, (2) trend quadratics method, and (3) exponential trend method, to get which one is the best in forecast the human development index (HDI) time series data. Here, we used mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in comparing the three methods to obtain the eligible one. A simulation is given then using on the HDI data from Cilacap regency. The result showed that the smallest MAPE (on the trend quadratics method) is 0.19%. Due to this value of the MAPE, we then choose the trend quadratics method as the best model. Furthermore, we used this method to forecast the simulation HDI data, and the result showed that the values of the forecasting are 70.6, 70.7, and 70.7 for period 2022 to 2024, respectively. These result indicate that the trend of the HDI in Cilacap tend to be slowly increase.

Relationships between morbidity and mortality from Mpox and the human development index (HDI) globally during 2022-2024 epidemics

Relationships between morbidity and mortality from Mpox and the human development index (HDI) globally during 2022-2024 epidemics

Global burden of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease in older adults (60-89 years old), 1990-2019: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Global burden of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease in older adults (60-89 years old), 1990-2019: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Spatial Probit Regression Analysis Using Recursive Importance Sampling on the Human Development Index in Central Jawa Province

This research aims to analyze the Human Development Index (HDI) in Central Java Province using two modeling approaches: the probit model and the spatial probit model. HDI, a crucial indicator of quality of life, is categorized into two groups: medium-low and high. Among the 35 districts and cities in Central Java, 9 fall into the medium-low category (35%), while 26 are classified as high (65%). Brebes Regency has the lowest HDI at 69.54, whereas Sukoharjo City boasts the highest HDI at 77.73. The results reveal that the spatial probit model provides a superior classification of HDI compared to the probit model. The mapping of prediction results highlights the discrepancies between actual and predicted HDI categories. This study underscores the advantage of incorporating a spatial approach, enhancing the accuracy of HDI analysis, and offering a more nuanced understanding of spatial distribution and dependencies in human development within Central Java. Further research is recommended to include additional variables, such as poverty levels or access to education, which spatial factors may also affect. Moreover, this method can be applied to other regions or enhanced using more complex spatial models, such as spatial autoregressive (SAR) or geographically weighted regression (GWR), for deeper and more comprehensive analysis.

Incidence and Mortality of Colorectal Cancer in Asia in 2022 and Projections for 2050.

Colorectal cancer is an escalating public health concern in Asia, characterized by unique epidemiological patterns. We analyzed colorectal cancer data from 47 Asian countries using GLOBOCAN 2022. Spearman's correlation assessed the relationship between the Human Development Index and cancer rates. Projections for 2050 incidence and mortality were based on demographic forecasts. In 2022, Asia accounted for 50.2% of global colorectal cancer cases, with 966.4 thousand new cases and 462.3 thousand deaths, including 10% in younger individuals. Age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality were 15.6/100 000 and 7.1/100 000, respectively. Incidence rates were rising faster in younger and male individuals. A significant correlation was found between the Human Development Index and cancer rates. Japan had the highest incidence rate (45.5/100 000 males; 28.5/100 000 females), and Brunei Darussalam had the highest mortality rate (21/100 000 males; 13.9/100 000 females). China recorded the highest incidence and mortality counts, with 307.7 thousand new cases and 142.6 thousand deaths in males, and 209.4 thousand new cases and 97.4 thousand deaths in females. By 2050, 1.87 million new cases and 1.01 million deaths are expected to occur in Asia, with the largest relative increases occurring in low HDI countries. These findings highlight the need for targeted policies in low HDI countries, focusing on public awareness, early detection, prevention, and improving healthcare infrastructure. Interventions for younger individuals and males are also essential to address rising incidence rates.

COVID-19, Economic Growth, and Income Inequality: Empirical Study in Indonesia

Income inequality remains a significant issue in developing countries like Indonesia, affecting societal well-being unevenly. Economic growth is often considered a key indicator of social welfare, but its benefits are not always distributed equitably. When economic growth coincides with high levels of income inequality, it suggests that only certain groups reap greater benefits while others are left behind. Therefore, it is essential to analyze whether there are disparities in the influence of economic growth on income inequality in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a random effects model and 12 years of data (2010–2021), this analysis reveals that economic growth does not significantly affect income inequality in Indonesia, challenging the Kuznets hypothesis. Domestic investment (DIN) also shows no influence on income inequality. In contrast, the human development index (HDI) consistently has a significant negative impact on income inequality across both periods. Meanwhile, foreign direct investment (FDI) positively impacts income inequality. There is no difference in the influence of HDI and FDI on income inequality before and during COVID-19. These findings emphasize the importance of improving human resource quality as an effective strategy for addressing income inequality, particularly by enhancing access to education, healthcare services, and overall social welfare.

Human capital as a driver of the formation of Ukraine’s competitive advantages in the post-war period

Purpose. To substantiate the directions and possibility of using human capital (HC) as a driver of the country’s competitive advantage (CA) in the post-war period. To establish to what extent the quality of HC meets the goal of gaining CA, to identify factors of positive and negative impact of war and crisis on human capital as well as to identify of trends in the quality of human capital under the influence of these factors. Methodology. The method of logical generalization was used to establish the significance of its movement for the value of HC, its interaction with social and economic processes which confirms the validity of considering human capital as a driver of competitive advantage. The method of mathematical induction was used to establish how much the HC quality in Ukraine corresponds to the possibility of acquiring CA. The method of critical analysis is to identify the impact of war and crisis on HC and to establish trends in the quality of human capital. The method of comparative analysis was to establish the proportionality of competitive positions of Ukraine and its neighboring countries. Findings. It is indicated that the value of human capital is determined by its interaction with social and economic processes, which confirms the legitimacy of considering human capital as a driver of competitive advantage. Factors of positive and negative impact of the war on the quality of HC, trends of changes and the fact that dynamic changes in the balance of these factors cause uncertainty of prospects are identified. It is indicated that war, due to its multifaceted impact, also contributes to the improvement of the quality of a specific LC. It is noted that the tendency of rapid growth of the Employee Search Difficulty Index indicates the need to change HR policies at all levels. Originality. For the first time, a change in the nature of the trend of the dependence of gross national income per capita on the human development index (HDI) has been established. It has been indicated that the HDI of Ukraine corresponds to the prospect of multiplicative acquisition of CA. It is also emphasized that war increases the level of specific HC in modern directions of technological development has been further developed. Practical value. The identified areas and the possibility of using human capital as a driver of technological innovation will allow the country to realize its competitive advantages in the post-war period.