Predictive modeling of anxiety and depression DALYs in Indonesia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study.

Dissecting incidence and mortality inequalities of six types of liver diseases in 39 alcohol-dominant countries and 93 virus-dominant countries under the aging context: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Molecular targeted therapies, omics, and AI based theranostics approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Personalized Medicine (PM) also called as precision medicine, Personalized medicine has transformed cancer diagnosis and treatment by tailoring therapeutic strategies to individual genetic, molecular and phenotypic characteristics. Personalized Medicine revolutioned oncology management in high human development, Oncologist have been able to target on individual’s cancer, Pharmacogenomics, the study of how genetic variations influence drug response, plays a central role in optimizing anticancer therapy by improving efficacy, reducing toxicity, and minimizing trial-and-error prescribing. Advances in genomic technologies and bioinformatics have enabled precise tumor profiling, identification of actionable mutations, and development of targeted therapies. This review discusses the principles of pharmacogenomics in oncology, its role in cancer diagnosis, treatment selection, dose optimization, and future prospects in personalized cancer care.

This paper examines women's attitudes toward physical intimate partner violence by husbands across 51 low- and middle-income countries from 1999 to 2020. Using panel data from MICS and DHS surveys, we analyze the role of human development and legal gender equality. Acceptance of physical IPV has declined significantly over time, particularly in countries with a higher level of development, as measured by the Human Development Index. Legal reforms promoting women's economic rights are also associated with lower acceptance, though their effect is weaker. Despite progress, acceptance remains high in some contexts, underscoring the need for sustained policy and norm-changing efforts.

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of zakat and the Islamic human development index (IHDI) on multidimensional poverty across member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). It further explores how the relationship between zakat and poverty differs across regional and income classifications, offering policy insights for promoting inclusive development in Muslim-majority economies. Design/methodology/approach Using an unbalanced panel data set of 41 OIC countries from 2010 to 2023, this study applies the fixed-effects model (FEM) to estimate the direct and heterogeneous effects of zakat and IHDI on multidimensional poverty, measured through the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). Findings The results show that zakat significantly reduces multidimensional poverty across OIC countries, with heterogeneous effects across regions and income levels. The poverty-reducing impact of zakat is stronger in Asian and Arab OIC countries than in African OIC countries and increases monotonically from low-income to high-income economies, indicating the importance of institutional capacity and economic formalisation. IHDI exhibits a strong and robust negative association with poverty, reaffirming the relevance of the Maqāsid al-Shari‘ah framework. In contrast, macroeconomic variables show limited significance, while population growth remains a key driver of poverty. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by using a macro-level zakat proxy derived from gross capital formation, which may not fully reflect actual zakat collection or distribution efficiency. In addition, the IHDI construction is based on available cross-country data and may not capture all context-specific dimensions of Islamic welfare. Practical implications The findings highlight the importance of productive, digitally integrated zakat systems, while weaker effects elsewhere call for basic standardisation, improved governance and strengthened public trust to enhance compliance and effectiveness. Policymakers are encouraged to integrate Islamic human development principles into poverty alleviation programmes and promote regional collaboration among zakat authorities to reduce institutional disparities within the OIC. Originality/value This study provides novel empirical evidence by integrating Islamic social finance and human development within a multidimensional poverty framework. By combining zakat and IHDI into a single model, it introduces a faith-aligned and policy-relevant perspective on how Islamic economic values can effectively support sustainable and inclusive poverty reduction across Muslim-majority countries.

Education is a fundamental right; however, Metro City faces an anomaly where 526 children remain out of school (ATS) despite achieving a "Very High" Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to identify the root causes of Out-of-School Children (OSC) and formulate integrated management strategies. The methodology employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG) method for priority analysis and a Fishbone Diagram for root cause identification.The findings indicate that family economic status is the primary determinant (highest USG score of 14), where poverty remains the driving force behind children leaving school in Metro City. Other contributing factors include early marriage, limited accessibility for people with disabilities, and an unconducive school climate resulting from bullying. The discussion emphasizes the necessity of implementing policies based on human capital theory and social ecology to foster an inclusive educational environment. The study concludes that addressing OSC in Metro City requires simultaneous rather than fragmented policies. The proposed recommendation is the enactment of a Metro Mayoral Regulation on the Regional Action Plan for Handling Out-of-School Children (RADPATS). The regulatory substance should focus on: Strengthening social protection through the validation of the National Socio-Economic Single Data (DTSEN) to ensure targeted distribution of aid, such as the Kartu Metro Bahagia; Enhancing educator competence to establish Child-Friendly Schools (SRA); and Integrating OSC management programs into regional planning documents (RPJMD/RKPD) by involving a pentahelix of stakeholders.

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common haematological malignancy, remains incurable to date. Based on Global Burden of Disease 2021, global trends in MM incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were analysed and visualized. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) quantified trends and future disease burden (2022-2050) were forecasted using autoregressive integrated moving average time-series models. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of MM incidence showed a slight increase, primarily affecting ageing populations and high/high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. This rise was more significant in males and notably in middle SDI regions (including East Asia, Central Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa). Mortality trends exhibited minimal overall growth; female age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) decreased, especially in high SDI regions. Across 204 countries and 21 SDI regions, MM ASDRs correlated positively with SDI, while EAPCs correlated negatively with Human Development Index (HDI), age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and ASDRs. Projections indicate rising ASIRs for both sexes and increasing ASDRs and age-standardized DALY rates among males through 2050. Additionally, population-attributable fractions of MM deaths and DALYs due to high body mass index showed upward trends across all SDI regions from 1990 to 2021. Over three decades, global MM incidence has moderately increased, most affecting ageing populations and high/high-middle SDI regions. Notably, global mortality and DALY rates have declined since 2000, especially in females and high SDI regions. Initiatively, our study identified a significant negative correlation between the HDIs and EAPCs of MM incidence and mortality and takes SDI as the core external predictor to project the global MM disease burden up to 2050.

Global research trends in hereditary angioedema, 1972–2023: Bibliometric analysis of productivity, collaboration, and thematic evolution☆

To investigate the correlations between the percentage of supragingival scaling, planing, and polishing (SSPP) and subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) by generalist dentists (GD) and periodontists with the aggregate variables of Brazilian Federal Units (FU). This study used aggregated data extracted from the Unified Health System (UHS) and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Outcome variables included the total and the percentages of SSPP and SRP procedures of all FU, during 2018-2019, 2020-2021, and 2022-2023. The independent variables collected were: total population number, proportion of white individuals, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), coverage of oral health teams in Primary Health Care (PHC), number of Basic Health Units (BHU), Dental Specialist Centers (DSC), and investments made in PHC. Correlation coefficients were estimated between the percentage of procedures and independent variables. A multilevel Poisson regression model verified differences in the total number of periodontal procedures. In total, 42,312,458 SSPP and 29,850,275 SRP procedures were performed between 2018 and 2023. The total number of periodontal procedures decreased significantly during the period of 2020-2021, compared to 2018-2019 (count ratio [CR] = 0.38; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.31-0.47). Numbers of DSCs were correlated with an increase in the percentage of SSPP (R = 0.571, R = 0.422, R = 0.585) and SRP (R = 0.539, R = 0.540, R = 0.484) across all periods when performed by periodontists. However, greater investments in PHC were correlated with higher percentages of procedures performed by GD.

Abstract Phenotypes are multidimensional. Yet many contemporary methodologies lack the capability to fully quantify the biological complexity of dynamic and multivariate processes. To address this, we fit a Bayesian Gaussian copula model with a diverse, high dimensional human growth and development dataset using traits related to growth of individual long bones, development and ossification of the skeleton, and development of the dentition. The results demonstrate a modular pattern of human growth and development with the strongest relationships between traits of similar ontogenetic origin. Relationships between traits are hierarchically organized within and between modules and can be further dissected into units related to growth direction, ontogenetic timing of skeletal fusion and dental development. We show that the results above can be translated to practical applications in biological anthropology such as the estimation of an unknown independent variable (e.g. forensic age estimation) or the estimation of a missing response variable (e.g. data imputation). Our understanding of the multivariate human growth and development phenotype is enhanced by this research, and it demonstrates the necessity of appropriate multivariate modelling in both inference and prediction tasks.

This study investigates the effects of basic infrastructure, educational infrastructure, and the Human Development Index (HDI) on district and municipal economic growth in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The analysis encompasses road infrastructure, access to clean water, electricity, telecommunications, and educational participation from primary to senior secondary levels, with HDI serving as a proxy for human capital. Panel data covering 19 districts and municipalities over the period 2015–2024 are employed, obtained from Statistics Indonesia. To control for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and growth dynamics, the model is estimated using the two-step dynamic panel System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM). The findings reveal strong growth persistence, indicating that current regional economic performance is significantly shaped by past outcomes. Primary and senior secondary educational infrastructure, together with HDI, exert positive and statistically significant effects on economic growth. Conversely, water infrastructure shows a negative and significant association, while road infrastructure displays a negative but insignificant relationship. Electricity, telecommunications, and junior secondary education infrastructure present positive yet statistically insignificant effects. These results suggest that infrastructure expansion alone is insufficient to stimulate economic growth; its effectiveness critically depends on service quality, utilization efficiency, and complementarities with human capital. This study contributes empirical evidence on heterogeneous infrastructure effects in subnational dynamic panel settings and underscores the importance of integrating infrastructure quality improvements with human capital development to achieve sustainable and inclusive regional growth.

Abstract There is limited understanding of how human development influences non–greenhouse gas (non-GHG) air pollutant emissions, particularly within the Arab world—a region of significant geopolitical importance. Addressing this gap is crucial to determining who pollutes more, a key issue in distributing environmental harm and responsibility, and central to environmental sustainability and justice. This study contributes to filling that gap by analyzing data on five non-GHG air pollutants—carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH₃), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—together with four human development indicators: the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite measure of overall development; the Gross National Income Index (GNII), reflecting economic progress; the Education Index (EI), representing educational attainment; and the Life Expectancy Index (LEI), measuring health outcomes. Using panel data from 16 Arab countries spanning 1990 to 2022, the study applies compound annual growth rate analysis and fixed effects econometric modeling. The main objectives are twofold: (1) to examine the temporal evolution of total emissions per capita alongside human development indicators, and (2) to assess the influence of human development indicators on total emissions per capita. The results show wide disparities in total emissions per capita and human development indicators across Arab countries, with fixed effects models explaining part of the variation but also highlighting the complex, multidimensional nature of the emissions–development relationship. Higher overall human development is generally associated with lower emissions; however, its components exert distinct effects. Economic growth tends to increase emissions, whereas improvements in education and health contribute to reducing them. Countries experiencing strong economic growth but weaker social development emit more, while those with balanced progress across income, education, and health emit less. These findings highlight the importance of integrated and equitable development strategies to advance environmental sustainability and justice in the Arab region.

Neonatal mortality trends in the 21st century: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Avoidable deaths through the primary prevention, early detection, and curative treatment of cancer worldwide: a population-based study.

Global trends, regional disparities and key determinants of neonatal sepsis: A pan-database analysis from 1990 to 2021.

The high rate of people with chronic kidney disease on dialysis is a public health problem, especially in developing countries. To evaluate demographic and socioeconomic changes related to dialysis treatment in Brazil from 2002 to 2019. This descriptive, analytical study reviewed retrospective documentary data. A comparative analysis was conducted on demographic, economic, and social trends, as well as changes in dialysis service provision in Brazil between 2002 and 2019. Correlation analysis between Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M) and the number of dialysis units was performed. There was an increase in the percentage of the older population (5.3% vs. 9.25%) and in life expectancy at birth (70.8 vs. 75.9 years). The gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 453%; the percentage of investment in public health (below 4%) was stable and the ranking of global Human Development Index decreased (73 vs 84). The increase in the prevalence of patients on chronic maintenance dialysis was greater than the increase in the number of patients in new centers (117.3% vs. 43.9%), with fewer patients receiving treatment in the North and Northeast regions. There was a positive linear correlation between the HDI-M values and the number of dialysis units (R = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.75-0.18; p = 0.006). Despite Brazil's strong economic growth and the drastic demographic changes that occurred during the study period, this progress did not translate into a higher investment in health and equitable access to dialysis treatment across the country.

Failure to rescue (FTR), defined as death following major complications, has become an important quality metric. While liver transplantation (LT) carries high risks for postoperative complications, the relevance and determinants of FTR in LT remain poorly characterized. This systematic review aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for FTR in adult liver transplant recipients. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed across four databases: MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus. Studies reporting FTR rates and associated risk factors in adult LT recipients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 13,710 liver transplant cases. Definitions of FTR varied across studies, leading to heterogeneity in reported incidence: 5.0%, 9.8%, 19.3%, and 39.6%. Identified risk factors included patient-related factors, such as low total psoas area (a proxy for sarcopenia), increased recipient age, and early allograft dysfunction, and center-related factors, such as low-volume center. One multicenter study reported significant variation in FTR rates across Human Development Index levels, though it did not assess individual-level predictors. Study quality ranged from moderate to high, but all were limited by inconsistent FTR definitions and heterogeneous study designs. Despite increasing recognition of FTR as a quality metric, evidence in liver transplantation remains limited. Sarcopenia, early allograft dysfunction, and socioeconomic disparities may contribute to FTR, but current findings are insufficient for robust conclusions. Future research should aim to standardize FTR definitions and conduct multicenter prospective studies to clarify modifiable factors and improve post-transplant outcomes.

Introduction:The high rate of people with chronic kidney disease on dialysis is a publichealth problem, especially in developing countries.Objectives:To evaluate demographic and socioeconomic changes related to dialysistreatment in Brazil from 2002 to 2019.Methods:This descriptive, analytical study reviewed retrospective documentary data. Acomparative analysis was conducted on demographic, economic, and socialtrends, as well as changes in dialysis service provision in Brazil between2002 and 2019. Correlation analysis between Municipal Human DevelopmentIndex (HDI-M) and the number of dialysis units was performed.Results:There was an increase in the percentage of the older population (5.3% vs.9.25%) and in life expectancy at birth (70.8 vs. 75.9 years). The grossdomestic product (GDP) increased by 453%; the percentage of investment inpublic health (below 4%) was stable and the ranking of global HumanDevelopment Index decreased (73 vs 84). The increase in the prevalence ofpatients on chronic maintenance dialysis was greater than the increase inthe number of patients in new centers (117.3% vs. 43.9%), with fewerpatients receiving treatment in the North and Northeast regions. There was apositive linear correlation between the HDI-M values and the number ofdialysis units (R = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.75–0.18; p = 0.006).Conclusion:Despite Brazil’s strong economic growth and the drastic demographic changesthat occurred during the study period, this progress did not translate intoa higher investment in health and equitable access to dialysis treatmentacross the country.

The study examines the effects of green finance and human development on environmental degradation using panel data of 36 upper-middle and high-income countries from 2014 to 2021. Environmental degradation is measured through ecological footprint and per capita CO₂ emissions. Key variables comprise green finance, Human Development Index, gross domestic product, population density, foreign direct investments, and natural resource rents. The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is tested to assess the non-linear relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. Panel regression models with fixed effects, Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, and wild bootstrap methods ensure robust inference. Findings provide mixed support for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, with stronger evidence in high-income countries and limited support in upper-middle-income countries. Both green finance and human development significantly reduce environmental degradation, with green finance emerging as the most consistent policy instrument across all approaches and income groups. Natural resource rents show marginal positive associations with environmental degradation, while foreign direct investments and population density demonstrate limited effects. The study suggests that expanding green financial markets represents the most reliable strategy for environmental improvement, with income-differentiated approaches required for effective implementation. These findings offer robust policy guidance for countries seeking to balance environmental preservation with economic development.