Human Cancer Research Articles (Page 3)

Phase Ib study of xentuzumab and abemaciclib in patients with advanced solid tumors and in combination with endocrine therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer.

Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of a novel nectin-4 targeting bicyclic toxin conjugate.

Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 5'-prenylated chalcone derivatives inhibited the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cells via inducing ferroptosis.

Human papillomavirus-related anogenital cancers disproportionately affect immunocompromised patients due to poor clearance rates and accelerated oncogenicity. This systematic review compares anogenital cancer screening Clinical Practice Guidelines among different subpopulations of immunocompromised women. We conducted a systematic review of guidelines addressing cervical, anal, vaginal, and vulvar cancer screening among immunocompromised women published between 2004 and 2025, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Recommendations were categorized for women with human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, and those with autoimmune conditions. The final review included 26 guidelines. Guidelines for transplant recipients and women with autoimmune conditions were of poorer quality. Only 7 high-quality guidelines addressed resource-limited settings. There was no consensus on cervical cancer screening recommendations regarding initiation, cessation, frequency, methods, and colposcopy referral. Newer guidelines increasingly recommended triennial human papillomavirus testing or co-testing. For anal screening, most guidelines recommended annual cytology starting at age 45 if there is access to high-resolution anoscopy. Otherwise, digital anal rectal examination was recommended. One guideline addressed vaginal cancer screening in post-hysterectomy women with human immunodeficiency virus. It recommended annual vaginal cuff Pap testing and vaginal colposcopy for abnormal cytology or concomitant vulvar lesions. Routine vulvar cancer screening was not recommended. More high-quality guidelines are required for immunocompromised women. Recommendations tailored to low- and lower-middle-income countries are urgently needed. Future guidelines should address the expansion of novel biologics, increased survival among various immunocompromised patient groups (eg, those with end-stage renal disease), and the need for differential screening algorithms according to levels of immunosuppression.

Specific targeting of the pseudogene RPSAP52 reduces ovarian tumor growth in patient-derived orthoxenograft models.

Wnt signaling pathways are involved in various developmental and tissue maintenance functions, whereas deregulated Wnt signaling is closely linked to human cancer. Recent work revealed that loss of Wnt signaling impairs mitosis and causes abnormal microtubule growth at the mitotic spindle resulting in chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, both of which are hallmarks of cancer cells exhibiting chromosomal instability (CIN). Here, we show that upon DNA replication stress, a condition typically associated with CIN, Wnt10b acts to prevent increased microtubule dynamics from the S phase until mitosis, thereby ensuring faithful chromosome segregation. Interestingly, replication stress-induced chromosomal breaks are also efficiently suppressed by Wnt10b. Thus, our results show that Wnt10b signaling regulates replication stress-induced chromosome missegregation and breakage, and hence is a determinant for broad genome instability in cancer cells.

A Review on the Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Cancer: From Metabolic Switch to Transcriptional Regulation.

Phosphorylation of c-Myc at Ser62 via the protein kinase activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 18A1 promotes tumor growth.

Syndecan-2 positively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer (BC) is a frequently diagnosed neoplasm in women and the second major cause of cancer-related deaths. Many BC patients develop metastasis and advanced tumors, increasing morbidity and mortality. There is substantial evidence that tumor relapses in BC patients are driven by a unique population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Breast CSCs confer stemness to BC and survive through the maintenance of several mechanisms, among which is the involvement of the mTOR signaling pathway. mTOR and its associated AKT signaling play a crucial role in regulating CSCsin various human cancers, including breast cancer. This study investigated the role of targeting mTOR/AKT signaling in the modulation of cell death in 2D and 3D breast cancer models. Torin-2, a dual mTOR inhibitor, effectively suppressed cell proliferation by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. The inhibition of mTOR led to a decrease in AKT activity and downregulation of key translational machinery components, including 4EBP1, eIF4E, and p70S6K. Torin-2 treatment activated autophagy signaling in both 2D and 3D cell models. The induction of autophagy was evidenced by an increase in the autophagy protein LC3II/I in response to Torin-2 treatment. In addition, Torin-2 treatment of spheroids derived from breast cancer cells suppressed the expression of stem cell marker ALDH. Altogether, the dual inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by Torin-2 resulted in a more profound antitumor activity. This broader and more potent inhibition of the mTOR pathway contributes to effectiveness in suppressing 2D and 3D breast cancer cell growth and survival.

Investigation of cytotoxic activity properties of etoxazole towards human cancer and healthy cell lines and molecular docking studies.

Identification of dysregulated miRNA transcriptomic profile in canine hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison to human HCC.

Activity and dynamics of p110α are not differentially modulated by regulatory subunit isoforms.

Following the publication of the above paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that, for the Transwell assay data shown in Fig. 2C on p. 582, the '24 h/1 µM' and '24 h/2.5 µM' data panels contained an overlapping section of cellular data; in addition, the '24 h/Control' and '48 h/Control' panels in Fig. 2E similarly contained an overlapping section of data, such that data which were intended to show the results from differently performed experiments appeared to have been derived from the same original sources. Upon analyzing the data independently in the Editorial Office, it came to light that the '0 h/1 µM' and '12 h/2.5 µM' data panels in Fig. 2A (showing the results of scratch‑wound assay experiments) also contained an overlapping area, albeit the 12 h/2.5 µM' data panel had been rotated through 180° relative to the '0 h/1 µM' panel. The authors were contacted by the Editorial Office to offer an explanation for these apparent anomalies in the presentation of the data in this paper, although up to this time, no response from them has been forthcoming. Owing to the fact that the Editorial Office has been made aware of potential issues surrounding the scientific integrity of this paper, we are issuing an Expression of Concern to notify readers of this potential problem while the Editorial Office conitnues to investigate this matter further. [International Journal of Oncology 49: 579‑588, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3537].

trans-A2B-Corroles containing an oxime moiety: Novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer.

Exosomes from tumor-associated neutrophils suppress ferroptosis and confer chemoresistance in gastric cancer via miR-9-3p/ACSL4 axis.

Injectability of temperature-responsive hydrogel derived from elastin-like polypeptide for cell delivery.

L-5-[11C]-glutamine PET of breast cancer: Preclinical studies in mouse models.

Oleandrin-mediated suppression of MELK induces apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Chronic PFAS exposure induces chemotherapy resistance by promoting mitochondria-related alterations in ovarian cancer cells.