All in one: Dual-mode probe for multivariate sensing heavy metal ions and cascade detecting biomarkers.

Sex-based representation in anatomical atlases: An analysis of illustrations used in anatomy teaching in Poland.

We summarize current knowledge on the roles of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and reactive sulfur species (RSS) in bacterial strategies for survival and colonizing within the human body. Bacteria inhabiting the human body utilize H2S, derived from their host environment, as an electron donor or signaling molecule, while others generate and directly use H2S through the metabolism of sulfur-containing organic and inorganic compounds. The intracellular levels of H2S and RSS are tightly controlled by various mechanisms, enabling bacteria to acquire antibiotic resistance and obtain iron from their hosts. These processes are driven by transcription factors that specifically sense RSS, some of which are derived from H2S. The polysulfidation of specific cysteine residues in these transcription factors plays a key role in regulating the expression of related genes, thereby governing the interactions between bacteria and their hosts. The synthesis of H2S and RSS by bacteria not only affects their pathogenicity but can also influence overall health of the human host.

Articulated total body models have proved to be a useful tool for multibody analyses focused on human body behaviour. Historically, they have found wide applications in vehicle crash analyses, while the respective use in forensic biomechanics is less common and is hampered by the use of generic, simplified geometries and mechanical properties. The article introduces one advancement in these models aimed to replicate the outer geometry more faithfully as this aspect is crucial whenever the expected scenario includes one or more impacts between the human body and the environment. This accurate replication of the outer geometry has been made possible by the development of statistical shape models of the human body which can be shaped according to a limited set of anthropometric measurements. The anthropomorphic model was the basis to create a subject-specific articulated total body android, whose behaviour was validated against experimental tests obtained on cadavers, simulating pedestrian-to-car impacts. The correspondence between numerical and experimental data was checked making use of metrics (EARTH and EEARTH) specifically developed for time histories comparison. This activity has led to the optimization of contact parameters, differentiating the behaviour of the head versus all other body segments. On the whole, a validated model for forensic applications has been set up. This model is characterised by a high geometric accuracy and can be used, for example, to analyse fall scenarios. Further effort will be dedicated to set up a methodology for subject-specific parametrization of joint properties in terms of range of movement and passive stiffness.

Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics Approaches Driven designing of a Novel Multi-Epitope mRNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii.

• Compact Design: A super-wideband (SWB) Hilbert Slot Antenna (HSA) measuring only 7.31 × 7.31 mm², fabricated on semi-flexible Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. • Wide Coverage: Operates across 24.71–63.81 GHz, covering all 5G FR2 bands (n257–n263). • High Performance: Achieves 39.1 GHz bandwidth and peak gain of 7.22 dBi with radiation efficiency up to 90.88%. • Design Optimization: Extensive parametric studies improved impedance matching, bandwidth, and gain without increasing size. • Wearable Suitability: Stable performance under bending and near-body operation (arm, shoulder, chest) with only minor matching degradation and increased bandwidth. • Safety Compliance: SAR values within FCC and EU limits, ensuring safe use in wearable devices. • Experimental Validation: Measurements closely match simulations for S11, gain, efficiency, and radiation patterns. • Application Potential: Suitable for compact 5G wearable and IoT devices; future work aims at MIMO integration and fully flexible substrates. This work presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a compact, super-wideband (SWB) 5G mmWave Hilbert Slot Antenna (HSA) that includes all Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands (n257-n263). The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, known for its low losses at high frequencies (Ɛ r = 2.2, h = 0.508 mm, tan(σ) = 0.004). Despite its small size of 7.31 × 7.31 mm ² , the proposed antenna achieves an impressive measured super-wide bandwidth of 39.1 GHz, with a peak gain of 7.22 dBi. The design evolution of the HSA is thoroughly explored, focusing on the effects of iteration, segment count, and feed point location on antenna performance. Parametric studies reveal the antenna's optimized configuration, showcasing significant bandwidth improvements and a reduced size compared to other designs. The antenna's suitability for wearable, body-centric applications is discussed, with an emphasis on mechanical modifications and its performance near the human body. Additionally, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values are evaluated and found to be within the safety limits, ensuring the antenna's compliance with electromagnetic radiation exposure standards. The proposed antenna design has a wide bandwidth, compact size, and optimal performance, outperforming other fractal designs with a simpler geometry and fewer iterations, making it an excellent candidate for 5G communication systems and wearable devices.

Organoids are 3D systems derived from stem cells that recapitulate human tissue microenvironments, offering a useful tool for a wide range of investigations, including developmental biology, drug screening and disease modelling. As the vasculature is critical in biological processes within the human body, both in health and disease, recent efforts in the field have focused on developing vascularised organoids. In this At a Glance article, we discuss a number of currently available vasculature fabrication approaches, including co-culture with vascular endothelial cells, assembloids, co-differentiation, genetic engineering, 3D bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip systems, along with their advantages and limitations. We also provide a comparison of these fabrication approaches and their use for modelling diseases. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future directions regarding the use of vascularised organoids to mimic human physiological conditions and as clinically relevant models of human diseases.

A comprehensive review on structural, chemical, and functional perspectives of dietary polysaccharide-driven gut microbiota modulation: Mechanisms and challenges.

Andrographiside acts as a novel biofilm inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by modulating quorum-sensing proteins (LasR and RhlI), Pseudomonas quinolone signal regulator (PqsR) and Pellicle B of PEL Operon: An in silico and in vitro approach.

Teaching anatomy in the Bantu context: Traditions, cultural issues and educational perspectives in Gabon.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with notable sex-specific differences in prevalence and outcomes. Increasing evidence indicates that β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) play a central role in cardiovascular regulation and that their expression, signaling, and responsiveness are modulated by estrogen. However, the precise mechanisms underlying β-AR-estrogen interactions remain incompletely defined and highly context dependent. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge of β-AR subtypes, their cardiovascular distribution, and their signaling pathways, emphasizing how estrogen influences β-AR function across species, sexes, ages, and cardiovascular tissues. Comparative analysis of data reveals substantial heterogeneity arising from tissue specificity, receptor subtype composition, and experimental models. These differences underscore the challenges of translating preclinical findings into human physiology. Future studies integrating multi-species and sex-specific approaches, including the development of genetic knockout models and validation using human vascular cells, are essential to bridge mechanistic insights with clinical relevance. Understanding the interplay between β-AR signaling and estrogen is key to developing sex-specific strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Carbohydrate sulfotransferases in humans: Repertoire and regulation of glycan-lectin interactions.

It can be difficult for some students to comprehend maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2max) and endurance performance. We present a project-based learning example used in our advanced human physiology course. This project is based largely on a seminal paper but utilizes chapters from the course textbook and additional peer-reviewed studies. After we cover background information on topics such as muscle physiology, metabolic pathways, expired air analysis, V̇o2max, and lactate threshold, students join one of three groups to prepare and deliver presentations. Those topics and groups are based on 1) history of V̇o2max, 2) rate limiters of V̇o2max, and 3) additional determinants of endurance performance. The instructor covered topics from the textbook on sports physiology including oxygen uptake at the onset, during, and after exercise. The course instructor also provided a brief review of sport-specific V̇o2max and lactate threshold testing in hockey players. Students in the class agreed to hold one class period in the laboratory for direct use of expired air analysis. The lab emphasized the relationship between intensity and carbohydrate versus fat utilization. During the project presentations in the final week of class, group 1 summarized key points such as the use of a Douglas bag and the difference between V̇o2max and V̇o2peak, while group 2 summarized central (e.g., cardiac output) versus peripheral (e.g., muscle mitochondria) limitations, and group 3 summarized other key factors for endurance performance such as lactate threshold and running economy. This project-based assignment was an excellent way for students to better comprehend V̇o2max and endurance performance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This project-based assignment provided students a unique way to comprehend human metabolism, cardiorespiratory and muscle physiology, and applied exercise science concepts such as maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2max), lactate threshold, and running economy. Topics covered during this assignment are important for health, performance, and longevity. Students were excellent at working in small groups, basing presentations on peer-reviewed literature, and applying their communication skills. Students strongly agreed with "teaching methods" and scored well on final exam questions related to the project.

Towards an interaction physiology: Unpacking the inferential property of language use.

Deciphering the pharmacodynamic characteristics of acupuncture and neuromodulation therapies: A novel perspective from organoid platforms.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Probe of Human Cortical Physiology

SMDRnet: Saliency multiscale dense residual network for multimodal medical image fusion.

Mercury exposure in breastfeeding mothers and associated health risks to infants: Evidence from breast milk and nail biomarkers.

Perfluorooctanoic acid at environmentally relevant concentrations interfere with nitrogen fixation and amino acid synthesis in soil-soybean system.

High-Precision Fluorescent Temperature Probe Based on FIR Method for Human Body Temperature Measurement