Hemolysis In Human Blood Research Articles

Effect of six steroidal saponins isolated from anemarrhenae rhizoma on platelet aggregation and hemolysis in human blood

Six steroidal saponins were isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), a traditional chinese medicine, and named anemarrhenasaponin I (An-I), anemarrhenasaponin Ia (An-Ia), timosaponin B-I (TB-I), timosaponin B-II (TB-II), timosaponin B-III (TB-III), and timosaponin A-III (TA-III). The effects of these six compounds on platelet aggregation and hemolysis in human blood were studied. All these compounds provoked remarkable inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation, and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) are sensitive to the presence of these six compounds. Using an in vitro system, APTT was delayed with the increment of the concentrations of these six compounds. In these six compounds, only timosaponin A-III appeared a strong effect on hemolysis, and anemarrhenasaponin Ia had a slight effect on hemolysis, other had no effect on hemolysis. These results suggested that these steroidal saponins isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae) might be used as a novel antithrombotic therapeutic agents in post-myocardial infarction.

Trypanosoma cruzi: A possible control of transfusion-induced Chagas' disease by phenolic antioxidants

The following phenolic antioxidant food additives were evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes: BHT, BHA, gallic acid and its methyl, propyl, octyl, and lauryl esters, 2,4-di- tert-butyl-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-phenol, 4,4′-isopropilidenediphenol, and protocatechuic acid and its ethyl ester. The inhibition of the respiration; the changes in motility, shape, and lysis of the parasites; and the human blood hemolysis caused by these chemicals were studied. Human blood samples experimentally contaminated with 2000 or 150,000 trypomastigotes per milliliter were freed of parasites after treatment for 24 hr at 4 °C with 5 or 10 m M BHT (2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene), respectively. Consequently, BHT and other phenolic compounds deserve further study to determine their role in preventing the transmission of Chagas' disease by blood transfusion.

Selective differential human blood bilayer media for isolation of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis.

New selective and differential human blood bilayer agar media with Tween 80 (HBT medium) or without Tween 80 (HB medium), developed for the isolation of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis, permitted significantly higher G. vaginalis isolation rates than have been obtained for other media used for this purpose. HB medium consists of a basal layer of Columbia agar base containing colistin and naladixic acid with added amphotericin B and an overlayer of the same composition plus 5% human blood. HBT agar also contains Proteose Peptone No. 3 (Difco Laboratories) and Tween 80 in the basal layer and the overlayer. Both Tween 80 and the bilayer composition enhanced G. vaginalis production of human blood hemolysis, permitting detection of this organism even in the presence of heavy growth of other vaginal flora. The use of HB or HBT medium thus permitted the demonstration that G. vaginalis was present in vaginal fluid from a large percentage (up to 68%) of normal women. However, the concentration of G. vaginalis was found by semiquantitative analysis to be significantly higher in vaginal fluid from women with nonspecific vaginitis than in fluid from normal women.

The hemolytic activity of some trialkyltin and triphenyltin compounds

Triphenyltin chloride caused the rapid hemolysis of dog, hog, rabbit, or rat blood; however, human blood was resistant to hemolysis by triphenyltin chloride. Trialkytin compounds with alkyl groups having 3–6 carbon atoms were hemolytic to both human and rat blood. Tri- n-butyltin derivatives in which the fourth group or atom bonded to tin was acetate, methoxide, hydroxide, oxygen, bromide or chloride were all hemolytic; however, bis(triphenyltin) sulfide was not hemolytic. Butyltins having 1, 2 or 4 carbon-tin bonds, trimethyltin chloride and triethyltin bromide all exhibited low hemolytic activity. It was demonstrated that the rate of hemolysis of human blood by tri- n-butyltin chloride was reduced when the solutes of the medium were predominantly nonelectrolytes and that potassium leaked from the cells faster than hemoglobin during tri- n-butyltin induced hemolysis. A nitrogen atmosphere or the addition of low concentrations of dl-α-tocopherol also reduced the rate of hemolysis of human blood in the presence of tri- n-butyltin chloride. Human plasma, but not human serum albumin, was partially effective in protecting washed, human red cells from tri- n-butyltin induced hemolysis. Sodium sulfide and several sulfhydryl compounds, in concentrations about equal to that of the organotin, protected human and rat blood from the hemolytic activity of tri- n-butyltin chloride, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, or triphenyltin chloride. It was concluded that the most hemolytic organotins were the trialkyltins with alkyl groups having 3–6 carbon atoms and that some sulfhydryl compounds can react chemically with the organotins to reduce hemolytic activity.

Effect of surface materials on shear-induced hemolysis.

AbstractA rotating shearing device with interchangeable discs of various metals and plastics was used to induce hemolysis in human blood. Durations of shear ranged from 4 to 5000 sec, thereby defining the overall hemolysis kinetics for the test materials. Data are presented as ΔC (relative plasma hemoglobin increase) vs. time t, and fitted to the relation ΔC = Atβ. It is found that A = A(β) and β is correlated with the critical surface energy of the plastics. Based on this evidence and reports of plasma protein adsorption, a partial explanation is proposed for shear‐induced hemolysis in this low‐stress regime (under 500 dynes/cm2).

Comparative Hemolytic Activity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Related Vibrios

The hemolytic activities of 91 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from human diarrheal stools, sea fish, and sea water; 21 suspected V. parahaemolyticus cultures isolated from wound infections; 14 nonpathogenic marine vibrios; and 21 V. parahaemolyticus isolated from moribund blue crabs Callinectes sapidus were compared. Potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains could be differentiated from the related nonpathogenic marine vibrios, because the former hemolyzed hamster, sheep, and human blood, whereas the latter were nonhemolytic. In addition, V. parahaemolyticus isolated from tissue infections could be differentiated from those of the first group isolated from sea fish or human stools, because the former exhibited primarily an alpha-hemolytic reaction on chicken blood; the latter exhibited mostly beta. It is suggested that V. parahaemolyticus isolated from blue crabs may be differentiated from the first group on the basis of their hemolysis of human blood. A useful schema of the differential hemolytic reactions, exhibited by V. parahaemolyticus, tissue infection vibrios, and nonpathogens on hamster, sheep, chicken, goose, and human blood is given. The patterns of hemolytic activity of these groups on special human blood-agar plates (Kanagawa hemolysis) resembled that seen on ordinary human blood-agar.

The toxicogenic potential of medical plastics sterilized with ethylene oxide vapors.

AbstractEthylene oxide appears to be an ideal sterilant for many heat‐sensitive items, but there are a number of disadvantages which require caution in its usage. Ethylene oxide has some deleterious effects on certain plastics and rubber. In particular, it acts as a solvent on such acrylic plastics as Lucite and Plexiglas, and it will attack the plasticizers found in many flexible medical‐grade tubing formulations. Perhaps more significant is the fact that this sterilant can produce some serious toxic manifestations when medical plastics are not properly degassed. This paper reviews some of the toxicities already reported in the medical literature and also presents new data on the hemolysis liability of many gassterilized pharmaceutical plastics. Both human blood hemolysis studies and cell culture data on 18 different polymers suggest that plasticized vinyl plastics have the highest toxicogenic potential. Experimental data presented on the solubility and partial pressure of ethylene oxide in a homologous series of phthalic acid esters indicate that the structure and concentration of plasticizers play a major role in the selection of the most effective degassing procedures to be used following ethylene oxide sterilization.

Effect of ascorbic acid upon the hemolysis of human blood caused by oxygen. II.

Summary Adult and cord blood was hemolysed by incubation in increasing oxygen tensions. The degree of hemolysis in cord blood was generally more marked than that of adult blood. Increased levels of ascorbic acid in blood had an inhibitory effect upon the hemolysis caused by oxygen. Effet de l'acide ascorbique sur l'hémolyse du sang humain causée par l'oxygène.Du sang de personnes adultes ainsi que du sang prélevé au cordon ombilical, ont été hémolysés par la mise en présence de tensions croissantes en oxygène. Le degré d'hémo‐lyse du sang du cordon a été, en général, plus élevé que celui du sang des adultes. Des concentrations croissantes en acide ascorbique dans le sang ont un effet inhibiteur contre l'hémolyse causée par l'oxygène.Die Wirkung von Ascorbinsäure auf durch Sauerstoff hämolysiertes menschliches Blut.Erwachsenen‐ und Nabelschnurblut wurde durch Einwirkung von Sauerstoff in ansteigender Spannung hämolysiert. Der Grad der Hämolyse pflegte im Nadelschnur‐blut im allgemeinen merklicher zu sein als der des Erwachsenenblutes. Erhöhte Ascor‐binsäurespiegel im Blut hatte eine inhibitorischen Effekt auf durch Sauerstoff be‐wirkte Hämolyse.Efecto del ácido ascórbico sobre la hemólisis provocada por oxígeno.Se hemolizó sangre de adultos y del cordon umbilical de recién nacidos sometiéndola a tensiones crecientes de O2. El grado de hemólisis fúe mayor en esta ultima. Niveles altos de ascorbinemia mostraron efectos inhibitorios sobre la hemólisis provocada por oxígeno.

Hemolysis of human blood caused by oxygen and its prevention with vitamin E; preliminary report.

Summary1. Hemolysis tests were performed on blood incubated with increasing oxygen concentrations.2. It was concluded that the degree of hemolysis in some cases is directly proportional to the concentration of oxygen.3. Vitamin E administered to the tested subjects has an inhibitory effect on this hemolysis.4. It seems that fetal blood, due to some physiological effect, has a different behaviour under the above conditions.Hémolyse du sang humain par l'oxygène et l'effet préventif de la vitamine E.Des tests d'hémolyse ont été faits sur du sang ayant subi l'incubation avec des doses croissantes d'oxygène. On a pu tirer la conclusion que dans certains cas le degré d'hémolyse est directement proportionnel à la concentration d'oxygène. La vitamine E administrée aux sujets examinés a un effet inhibiteur sur cette hémolyse. Il semble que le sang du fœtus, à cause d'un certain effet physiologique, se comporte différemment dans les circonstances mentionnées plus haut.Die durch Sauerstoff verursachte Hämolyse des menschlichen Blutes und ihre Verhinderung durch Vitamin E.Es wurden Hämolyseuntersuchungen mit in steigenden Sauerstoffkonzentrationen inkubiertem Blut durchgeführt. Man stellte fest, dass der Grad der Hämolyse in einigen Fallen direkt proportional der Sauerstoffkonzentration ist. Gibt man den Versuchspersonen Vitamin E, so hat dieses einen hemmenden Effekt auf die Hämolyse. Auf Grand gewisser physiologischer Wirkungen scheint sich das Fötalblut un ter den obengenannten Bedingungen anders zu verhalten.Hemóliais de sangre humana con oxigeno y efecto irihibitorio de la vitamina E.Se realizaron pruebas de hemólisis con sangre incubada con concentraciones crecientes de oxigeno. Conclúyese que el grado de hemólisis en algunos casos es directamente proporcional a la concentratión de oxígeno. La vitamina E administrada a los sujetos sometidos a la prueba tuvo un efecto inhibitorio sobre la hemólisis. Parece que la sangre fetal, debido a algún efeeto fisiólogico, tiene un comportamiento diferente en las condiciones citadas.

Rates of hemolysis in human blood stored in dextrose solutions and in other mixtures: De Gowin, E. L., Harris, J. E., and Bell, J.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 49: 481, 1942

Rates of hemolysis in human blood stored in dextrose solutions and in other mixtures: De Gowin, E. L., Harris, J. E., and Bell, J.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 49: 481, 1942

Rates of Hemolysis in Human Blood Stored in Dextrose Solutions and in Other Mixtures

Rates of Hemolysis in Human Blood Stored in Dextrose Solutions and in Other Mixtures