Human Action Research Articles

Cognitive offloading and the causal structure of human action

The hypothesis of extended cognition (HEC) casts human cognition as constitutively dependent on its bodily and environmental context. Drawing on recent empirical work on ‘cognitive offloading’, HEC’s defenders claim that information processing offloaded onto such brain-external resources is sometimes ‘genuinely’ cognitive. But while debates about offloading have a high profile in philosophy of cognitive science, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the fact that paradigm cases of offloading are intentional actions. As a result, opposition to HEC is driven in part by unarticulated intuitions about the metaphysics of human agency. Thinking of action as a kind of interface between separately constituted intentions and bodily movements can make HEC look problematic. But while this view of agency has been popularised – most prominently by Donald Davidson – as analytic philosophy of action’s ‘standard story’, it has come under pressure from philosophers influenced by Elizabeth Anscombe’s very different account. According to this, actions express an agent’s intention only in so far as they fit into the right kind teleologically structured worldly context. In this paper, I’ll argue that HEC’s supporters should adopt an Anscombean model of action. That is, they should understand cognitive offloading as a manifestation of human agency’s general dependence on its bodily and environmental setting.

The Emergence of Green Marketing to Achieve Sustainable Development

People live in an environment that is being impacted by their activity. Environmental activities are impacting human life at the same time. Human actions have led to environmental damage, degradation of forests, global climate change, etc. Companies have shown care for the conservation of the environment as part of their social obligation as society grows increasingly concerned about it. Concepts such as "Green Marketing" as well as "Environment Marketing" have given the enterprises of future new directions and are now vital to their survival. In today's corporate climate, phrases like "go green," "environmentally friendly," "protect the environment," "save energy," and many other have gained popularity. Maintaining the safety of our natural environment has become crucial and difficult in the present scenario of globalisation. Green marketing has established itself as a viable and innovative instrument for enterprises to reconcile their commercial operations with a commitment to preserving the environment. No business can deny the value of the natural environment, it is a truth. More than that, numerous businesses have offered clients distinct items that are recyclable, renewable, and reusable as a way to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals. This paper aims to comprehend how, particularly in the Indian context, green marketing methods have evolved into viable commercial tools. It looks at how commercial organisations are embracing green tactics to get an edge over rivals. The conclusion discusses the potential and challenges firms have when using green marketing and explains the state of the Indian market today.

The Catabolic turn

The Anthropocene has pushed thinkers to reconsider the agency of humans on natural historicity. Against the backdrop of idealism, different scholars have recently pointed out how human history has become increasingly dependent on how human action shapes the environment itself. Marxist authors, in turn, point out how environmental disruption caused by over-exploitation provokes a “metabolic rift” between humanity and nature. However, until now no account has explored what a post-metabolic reality might entail. The increasing desertification of various regions of the world, along with the transformation of critical zones into irreversibly unusable and uninhabitable ones calls for the concept of a “catabolic turn”, as opposed to “metabolic”. Catabolism is a condition in which an organism feeds on itself due to inaccessibility of resources. In this paper we define contemporaneity in terms of a global catabolic turn and explore its social and political repercussions.

Not just semantics: CO2 fertilization can be a disturbance leading to worldwide forest degradation

Societal Impact StatementThe physiological effects of increased atmospheric CO2 (CO2 fertilization) on intact forests are generally seen as a process that might buffer them against the impacts of climate change. However, CO2 fertilization can also cause adverse changes in forest conditions, such as alterations in species composition and reduced ecosystem moisture availability. Because of this, we argue that the effect of CO2 fertilization is a disturbance that leads to changes in the functioning of worldwide forests and causes low‐intensity degradation of these ecosystems. This demonstrates that even the most remote forests in the world have been altered by human action via CO2 fertilization, and the responsibility for their integrity must be shared globally.

Social technology and rescue of native seeds in the Venezuelan Andes Páramo

This study analyzes the recovery and conservation of potato landraces in the Venezuelan Andes Páramo, specifically in the Mérida region. Smallholder potato farmers in the Venezuelan Andes have been actively creating knowledge, processes, and socio-technical artifacts necessary for the recovery of potato seeds and other types of plant genetic resources critical for food and agriculture. This effort has involved diverse socio-technical dynamics, engaging both human and non-human actors, with the support of universities, research institutions, local and national governments, etc. These initiatives counter historical trends, such as the erosion of complex genetic resource systems, genetic resources, the impacts of agricultural modernization, dependency on oil and imported agricultural technologies, and more recent challenges, such as food shortages. Using traditional techniques such as Tinopós—underground caves for seed storage—and social appropriation of technological processes, including genetic improvement, Andean smallholder farmers have successfully rescued ancient potato varieties while developing new ones. Fieldwork conducted in 2019 included a documentary review, thematic analysis, and a technology inventory. The findings reveal a close relationship between the diversity of Andean root and tuber crops, the unique biophysical and climatic conditions of the Páramo, and the traditional knowledge of peasant communities residing in these territories. The study underscores the importance of border relations and cultural translation between different knowledge systems in recovering and conserving native potato seeds. These efforts represent a locally driven initiative to construct social technologies for food sovereignty and sustainable local development.

Cosmic Flow and Human Action: Philosophical Intersections between the Yijing and Whitehead’s Process Cosmology

Abstract This article explores the philosophical framework underpinning the Yijing (Book of Changes) and its resonance with the thought of Arthur North Whitehead, whose process cosmology has been well received within scholarship on Chinese philosophy. It examines sinologists’ interpretations of the Yijing through the lens of Whitehead’s process cosmology, highlighting key similarities in their metaphysical view of reality as dynamic and interwoven. However, while Whitehead’s philosophy, like other Western frameworks such as modern physics, focuses on understanding the fundamental “stuff” of the universe, the Yijing’s cosmology of change shifts attention to human action within this unpredictable world. Through analysis of the Xici zhuan commentary, the article investigates the role of symbolic representation, divination, and moral choice in the Yijing’s guidance on how one perceives, lives, and acts within this ever-unfolding universe, thereby encompassing not just cosmology but also epistemology and ethics.

De-extinction beyond species: Restoring ecosystem functionality through large herbivore rewilding.

This perspective positions rewilding as a novel approach to ecosystem restoration, emphasising the restoration of natural processes to create self-willed ecosystems. Central to European rewilding is the de-domestication of cattle and horses to act as functional analogues of the extinct aurochs and wild horses. This de-extinction pathway shifts the focus from the loss of species to the loss of their ecological roles caused by human actions commencing millennia ago. The focus on restoring functional effects provides a strong policy rationale for large herbivore de-domestication, aligning with nature-based solutions to address environmental challenges. This alignment requires a pragmatic approach that prioritises the restoration of ecosystem functions over genetic purity and offers flexibility and scalability in rewilding efforts. I argue that creating a new category of 'ecosystem engineer' livestock is more effective than seeking wild status for these animals. As they are released into recovering ecosystems, de-domesticated large herbivores are recreating their ecological roles, 'life-spheres' and interactions. These processes open new avenues in both extinction discourse and ecological theory and encourage us to explore how de-extinct species can drive the recovery of European ecosystems.

Social and Cognitive Predictors of Collaborative Learning in Music Ensembles

There have been many attempts to find ways to make music education more relevant and useful for pupils. Learning theories, performance-based learning, contract-learning, discovery-learning, cooperative learning, daily clocking, stage practice, and music-focused required and elective courses are all part of the implementation of these methods. Since high vocational students tend to have lower GPAs, it is imperative that they discover strategies to enhance their academic performance. Reform, rather than relying on theoretical frameworks, should be grounded on practical, innovative human actions. Both instructors and pupils possess the capacity to comprehend what they have learnt, according to the humanistic perspective. This paper provides evidence that collaborative learning is beneficial for first-year music practice students in a popular music program at a Chinese institution. The students work in small, diverse groups. Data was collected and analyzed from students over the course of one academic year with grades 4-6.. Collaboration is a powerful tool that has many applications, including but not limited to popular music degree programs, which is implemented in this paper using machine learning techniques. It zeroed down on seven important characteristics, all of which had obvious applications in the educational process. Another online course could use the method to predict students' performance, including real-time tracking of their progress and risk of dropping out, after it has been adjusted to capture relevant features corresponding to different contexts. This method could also be applied to other management learning platforms.

Against eco-authoritarianism and ecomodernism: Towards a critique of ‘planetary’ governmentality and fantasies of steering

Contemporary society is dominated by the reality of the Anthropocene ecological crisis. In a certain subset of the ecopolitical literature, however, this topic is framed as a problem of governance. Supposedly, the unintended consequences of numerous micro-level human actions can be addressed by macro-level government interventions. Such discourses of eco-governmentality are informed by an emphasis upon the ‘planetary’ and the desirability of political centralisation. Our article seeks to critically engage with both the notion of a supposedly ‘planetary’ community of interests, and also reject the idea of global eco-governmentality. In our view, not only does the misguided emphasis on global ecological governance oversimply the planetary predicament, obscuring differences between cultures and social power structures; but it also runs the risk of obviating local democracy and could also lead to an ecologically legitimated undemocratic global technocracy. Instead of centralisation, further decentralisation could be key to both thinking and acting ‘glocally’, without expecting too much from political systems. We make the case against eco-authoritarianism and also reject ecomodernism. Recent critiques relating to the pitfalls of ecomodernism can help us construct a more inclusive, bottom-up form of ecopolitics.

Serat Kalatidha Sebagai Kritik Ronggowarsito Terhadap Paradigma Relativisme

Truth is an issue that cannot be separated from all human actions in their lives. However, in line with the development of human thought, truth becomes an issue that continues to be questioned in line with its development by viewing truth from many perspectives that are relative to its truth. The existence of relative truth has consequences that place evil can also be viewed relatively, thus making humans victims of themselves. This study is an attempt to uncover historical objects in the form of literary works written by Ronggowarsito as the last Javanese poet, entitled Serat Kalatidha. This study is a library research using a philosophical approach in achieving local wisdom concepts that reveal the messages conveyed by Ronggowarsito whose lifetime was directly confronted with the Western paradigm of thought brought by European colonialists in order to control their colonies. The paradigm that causes problems in society is caused by how rationality is placed as the peak of human intellectuality, but on the other hand rationality is also the basis for the paradigm of secularism and relativism. Relativism is a paradigm based on realism in truth is a thought with forms of justification that limit the relative view to the worldly and material. This makes rationality open to being influenced by lust in making justifications that become human policies and actions. Ronggowarsito through his literary works, does not reject rationality, but is criticized and at the same time emphasized that rationality must be surpassed in order to avoid the influence of lust that traps relative morals and its 'justifications', as Javanese civilization has had the principle of absolute truth through an eling lan waspada attitude as an epistemological path to achieving awareness of the existence of spirituality in achieving the truth.

The Voice of Visual Evidence: Performance Theory, the MacGyver Factor, and Photojournalistic Authority

Historically, journalism’s claims to authority for photojournalistic work have largely rested on the camera’s technical perfection. Digital media, including AI, have disrupted this authority, as it is now possible to not just alter a photographic image but to construct one with merely a prompt. This essay argues that the crisis of photographic truth requires a paradigmatic shift and suggests that performance theory offers conceptual remedy. Performance theory, with its roots in anthropology and emphasis on embodiment, is offered as lens for studying photojournalism, shifting from the examination of texts to the photojournalists themselves. With its emphasis on human action, performance theory offers a new way of thinking about just what it is that photojournalists do and how their practice constructs visual evidence – pointing a way forward in the age of deep fakes.

Skeleton-based human action recognition using LSTM and depthwise separable convolutional neural network

Skeleton-based human action recognition using LSTM and depthwise separable convolutional neural network

Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (AI): Sebuah Eksplorasi Metaetika atas Kebijakan Regulasi AI di Indonesia dan Internasional

This article examines the regulation of AI development and usage at the national and international levels using a metaethical approach. The defended thesis is that AI cannot be positioned as a moral agent because it lacks the feature of consciousness (an epistemological problem). The subjective reality formed by human thought and consciousness differs from the reality formed by AI's computational processes (an ontological problem). This article is an articulation of research categorized as a literature study with qualitative data analysis, referring to key documents on AI ethics at the national and international levels. The conclusion drawn is that all AI actions are subordinate to human actions and are therefore never value-free. AI is not a moral agent, and the regulation of AI development, application, and usage requires an ethical framework that can accommodate moral progress in a manner that aligns linearly with the rapid innovation progress of AI over time. In other words, AI regulation must operate within a dialectical framework that allows space for evaluation and re-contextualization to remain relevant to the dynamics of social and cultural realities.

Dimensions of student motivation in the federal education network

Motivation, defined as the set of biological and psychological mechanisms that direct, intensify, and sustain human actions, stands out as a relevant aspect in the educational context due to its positive association with learning outcomes. In this regard, this study aimed to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects related to the motivation of students in the federal public education system. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationships between different types of motivation or demotivation and the respondents' level of motivation during the evaluated period. The results revealed that female students showed higher extrinsic motivation, while male students predominantly demonstrated higher intrinsic motivation in the school environment. Variables such as Demotivation, Enjoyment of School Attendance, Pursuit of Personal Achievement, and Status showed significant associations with the level of motivation, whereas variables like Enjoyment of Learning, External Regulation, gender, and age did not present statistically significant relationships. These findings underscore the importance of considering different dimensions of motivation in the development of more effective educational strategies.

Caged narratives in translation and the liberating power of relational networked agency

ABSTRACT Τhis paper examines the figures of the translator and the writer not only as meaning makers but as relational entities forming part of an assemblage which consists, among others, of narratives, writer, translator(s), various means of communication and dissemination. Focusing, as a case study, on Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison (2018) and informed by Actor-Network Theory (ANT), the present paper explores the connections and interrelationships among actors working within Boochani’s practice-oriented network to guarantee the production, promotion, and reception of his work. Taking a relational actor- and process-oriented approach, it attempts to shed light on the modes of exchange employed and the relational interconnectedness and interdependence that have contributed to the compelling genesis of a narrative – one which transcends the traditional and conventional forms and practices of authorship and translation thanks to the onset of collective political activism built on a conglomeration of human and non-human actors. This paper ultimately points to the significance of translational networks of relations and interactions in reinforcing engaging synergies in multi-vocal contexts and to the power of translation, itself dynamic, relational and fluid, to transform our understanding of the world.

Unveiling coping mechanisms in marketplace discrimination: The allure of artificial intelligence recommendations

AbstractDespite artificial intelligence's (AI) increased efficiency and accuracy in many contexts, algorithm aversion, that is, people's biased preference for human recommendations over those of algorithms, is a well‐documented phenomenon. In this research, we show a reversal of the algorithm aversion phenomenon, referred to as algorithm appreciation, in the prevalent context of marketplace discrimination. Specifically, the current research documents people's increased propensity to rely on AI‐based recommendations over those proposed by human counterparts in the aftermath of marketplace discrimination. Such an increased preference happens because it serves as a coping strategy for consumers who have faced discrimination in the marketplace from other human actors. The results of a series of three lab studies and one field study provide consistent support for the proposed effect and document the underlying psychological mechanism driving this effect through perceived embarrassment. Using a moderated‐mediation model, we identify a boundary condition of the effect by demonstrating that the focal effect, that is, algorithm appreciation, remains valid under public consumption but diminishes under private consumption. Employing the natural setting of the field, we replicate our findings with actual consumers making real choices. Our findings have important implications (e.g., integrating AI‐driven recommendation systems into firms' platforms in sectors susceptible to marketplace discrimination and developing ethical guidelines for AI systems) for managers and companies.

Desordenando el canon: saberes de lo cotidiano y de la producción colectiva en Colombia

The article challenges academic knowledge norms by giving voice to the marginalized and promoting diverse perspectives in Colombia. Its aim is to include both silenced human voices and non-human actors in the production of everyday and collective knowledge, translating differences into conventional language and questioning species hierarchies. Through accounts of the Colombian armed conflict, which highlight community resilience and the importance of listening to marginalized voices, it seeks to enrich the current knowledge landscape with greater inclusion and diversity of experiences. The text presents narratives of women from the first half of the 20th century in Colombia and recent voices of conflict victims who listen to the songs of birds and value the work of bees as sources of knowledge and support.

Genomic and cellular contributions to establish the fish Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus as an Amazonian model for ecotoxicology.

The Amazon has environmental characteristics that make it unique, and the species that inhabit it have physiological features that demonstrate their adaptation to an Amazonian context. Amazonian ecosystems have been undergoing transformations that result from inadequate human actions, which have placed biodiversity at the limits of their biological abilities. Therefore, it is essential to identify organisms that reflect the conditions of the Amazon environment, considering the physiology of these species, and that they are established as bioindicators for this region. The fish Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus is distributed throughout the lower and middle Amazon basin. Aiming to contribute to the establishment of this species as a bioindicator, we carried out for the first time its karyotyping, Illumina sequencing and assembly of the nuclear genome and mitogenome, in addition to establishing a cell line for this species. Individuals of H. heterorhabdus have 48 chromosomes, a number that is held in the cell line. Sequencing and genomic assembly generated a draft genome that is useful for recovering species-specific coding and regulatory genomic sequences. The established cell line was responsive to environmental variables, reflecting in vivo observations. Thus, it was possible to present a set of resources (standard karyotype, centromeric marker, draft genome, mitogenome, and cell line) and their applications and relevance in ecotoxicology. The toolkit should contribute to further studies on the response of organisms to the natural conditions of the Amazon and the impacts that this region has been receiving.

SVM directed machine learning classifier for human action recognition network

Understanding human behavior and human action recognition are both essential components of effective surveillance video analysis for the purpose of guaranteeing public safety. However, existing approaches such as three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNN) and two-stream neural networks (2SNN) have computational hurdles due to the significant parameterization they require. In this paper, we offer HARNet, a specialized lightweight residual 3D CNN that is built on directed acyclic graphs and was created expressly to handle these issues and achieve effective human action detection. The suggested method presents an innovative pipeline for creating spatial motion data from raw video inputs, which makes successful latent representation learning of human motions easier to accomplish. This generated input is then supplied into HARNet, which processes spatial and motion information in a single stream in an effective manner, maximizing the benefits of both types of cues. The use of traditional machine learning classifiers is done in order to further improve the discriminative capacity of the features that have been learned. To be more specific, we use the latent representations that are stored in HARNet’s fully connected layer and use them as our deep learnt features. After that, these features are entered into the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier in order to accomplish action recognition. In order to evaluate the HARNet-SVM method that was developed, empirical tests were run on commonly used action recognition datasets such as UCF101, HMDB51, and the KTH dataset. These tests were carried out in order to gather data for the evaluation. The experimental results show that our method is superior to other state-of-the-art approaches, achieving considerable performance increases of 2.75% on UCF101, 10.94% on HMDB51, and 0.18% on the KTH dataset. These results were obtained by running the method on each dataset separately. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of HARNet’s lightweight design and highlight the significance of utilizing SVM classifiers with deep learnt features for the purpose of accurate and computationally efficient human activity recognition in surveillance videos. This work helps to the advancement of surveillance technology, which in turn makes video analysis in applications that take place in the real world safer and more dependable.

Pertanggungjawaban Tindakan Aborsi yang Dilakukan Pelaku : Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan

The purpose of writing this scientific article is as a material to deepen insight related to the perspective of criminal law and health law regarding the act of abortion and how the form of liability of the perpetrator who performs the act of abortion based on juridical perspective. Abortion is an act of miscarriage of the unwanted / unwanted pregnancy that is done intentionally and is an event that occurs as a result of a human action with his efforts so that a pregnancy can be aborted. When reviewing abortion in terms of the Criminal Code, there is no room for such actions. However, when looking at the Health Law (Law No. 36 of 2009 generally prohibits abortion, but there are special provisions that become exceptions so that abortion can be done. In this case there is a misalignment between the two regulations.