Hudson Valley Research Articles

Control Tests Against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), on Strawberries1

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.) (= T. urticae (Koch)), although a problem on strawberries throughout New York, is particularly severe in the Hudson valley and Long Island area. Early-season control is essential for protection through the limited harvest period of June-bearing strawberry varieties. Perhaps owing to the variety of spray programs used in the past, no pronounced resistance has developed to the organophosphorous materials as a group. Of the organophosphorous materials tested, phorate provided the most effective control. Very good control was obtained with carbophenothion, particularly when used at a rate of 1.0 pound actual. Tepp, azinphosmethyl, and Niagara 9203 ( O,O dimethyl S -[(2-oxo-3-benzoxazolinyl) methyl] phosphorothioate) gave some control but had limited residual effectiveness. Of 32 materials tested, dicofol was consistently one of the superior materials for the control of this pest. Another chlorinated hydrocarbon. Dimite® (4,4'-dichloro- alpha -methylbenzhydrol), had limited residual effectiveness while Chloropropylate® (isopropyl 4,4-dichlorobenzilatc) was ineffective. Morestan® (6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic carbonate) gave particularly good control in 2 applications at 0.25 pound actual. This material resulted in plant injury following some applications but not others. The carbamate Bayer 37344 (4- (methylthio) -3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate) provided fair control against recently hatched mites. A second carbamate, Union Carbide 20047A [5-chloro-6-oxo- endo -2-norbornanecarbonitrile O- (methyl-carbamoyl) oxime], appeared particularly promising. Tetradifon (miscible) and tetrasul ( p -chlorophenyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl sulfide) were unsatisfactory while OW-9 (2-[2-( p-tert -butylphenoxy) -1 -methylcthoxy]-1-methylethyl 2-chloroethyl sulfite) provided fair control. Fair control was obtained also with Hoechst 2836 (binapacryl and a halogenated urea derivative), binapacryl, and Union Carbide 19786 (2- sec -butyl-4,6-dinitrophcnyl isopropyl carbonate).

LINDAU'S DISEASE--IN THE HUDSON VALLEY.

LINDAU'S DISEASE--IN THE HUDSON VALLEY.

Indian-White Contacts in Eastern North America: The Dutch in New Netherland

America is a narrow one by comparison with the others represented on this program. Except for a few geographical and chronological fringes it was confined to the Hudson and Delaware valleys between 1624 and 1664, a period of only forty years. In generalizing about Dutch-Indian relations we must draw a sharp line between the tribes of the upper Hudson valley, primarily the Mohawk and Mahican, and the smaller Algonquian bands to the south. With the former, Dutch traders and Dutch officialdom almost invariably made it a point to be friendly. After the seaboard fur supply was exhausted in the first years of colonization these tribes, possessing direct or indirect access to the interior, supplied the-bulk of the peltry for which New Netherland was established and which contributed most of the province's revenue. Moreover these tribes were not in the path of Dutch settlement; no significant population expansion took place in this part of the colony until at least a generation after New Netherland had become New York. Thus there was almost no occasion for land disputes. Ft. Orange, on the site

Further Studies of the Genus Quiscalus

IN my preceding 'Auk' papers' on the genus Quiscalus, I treated of the grackles of Louisiana and Mississippi. From those States, thanks chiefly to the cooperation of Mr. E. A. Mcllhenny, I have had a sufficient number of breeding males to warrant an attempt to define their ranges and relationships. Reviewing briefly the theories advanced and results obtained: early in the history of what is believed to be their post-glacial rangeextension from Florida and Texas respectively, Stone's and the Bronzed Grackles first met in southern Louisiana and completely merged by interbreeding. The area of intergradation in the State named now averages forty miles in width. North of this zone, which here trends east and west, only aeneus2 occurs; south of it, only stonei and the Florida form, from which it appears to have descended, are found. In the narrow band separating the two typical primary parental forms, complete intergradation occurs. Sometimes this phenomenon is found in a single colony. The relationships of the birds under these conditions seem clear. As we enter Mississippi the problem becomes more complicated. It will be found treated in the fourth of my 'Auk' papers. Here I wish merely to state that the first papers in this series treated of the birds concerned in the most southern area of their intergradation, while in the present paper I consider them in the most northern area of their intergradation. With the passage of time aeneus has extended its range northward through the interior to Slave Lake and from the upper Mississippi valley has swept eastward through New York on a front which now reaches from the lower Hudson valley eastward and northward; while stonei has ranged northward through Cis-Alleghenia to the northern limits of the Carolinian Fauna, including Long Island and the Connecticut valley. As we try to picture the original grackle invasion of this territory we must remember that by no means all of the newcomers were typical of either stonei or aeneus. The study of adequate material from Louisiana, and particularly Mississippi, has given us some conception of the character of the grackle population at the junction of the western with the eastern form. In this area of intergradation pure-blooded individuals are comparatively rare while intermediates

Culture Influences from Ohio in New York Archaeology

In the course of its long and eventful prehistory, the territory embraced in the present state of New York was invaded from nearly every direction. For several groups, notably the Iroquois, it was the end of the trail; others sojourned briefly and passed on. In part it was heavily occupied by diverse bands for a considerable period of time. This is especially true of the central and southern sections and of large parts of the Genesee Valley. The latter and the Finger Lakes region, including the Seneca River, are thickly strewn with sites of varying age and size. In one section of the Genesee Valley, just south of Rochester, hardly a knoll is opened without revealing skeletons. Other relatively intensively occupied areas are the Susquehanna drainage, parts of the Mohawk and Hudson valleys and Long Island.

Plant Bugs as Pests of Pear and Other Fruits in the Hudson Valley

Late in August Acrosternum hilaris, Euschistus euschistoides, and E. variolarius were observed in pear orchards thruout the Hudson valley. They were found to attack several varieties of pears as the fruit was maturing, resulting in serious commercial damage.

Lighting airways in Hudson and Mohawk valleys proposed

Lighting airways in Hudson and Mohawk valleys proposed

Pleistocene marine submergence of the Connecticut and Hudson valleys

Introduction Some postglacial submergence of New England has long been recognized, but the amount has not been determined. Recently it has been shown that the marine plane in the Hudson-Champlain Valley rises from zero at New York Bay to about 750 feet on the Canadian boundary. 2 It is evident that the territory adjacent to the Hudson Valley must have participated in the depression and uplift of the land, and it seems quite certain that the Connecticut Valley, lying parallel with the Hudson-Champlain Valley and only 60 miles distant, should exhibit similar evidences of submergence in oceanic waters. After reviewing the literature on the Connecticut Valley terraces an examination was made of the valley from Long Island Sound northward to Wells River, Vermont. The uplifted plane of the static waters as determined by Professor Emerson for Massachusetts was taken as the provisional datum, and it was found that this plane when . . .

The Value of the Term "Hudson River Group" in Geologic Nomenclature

Introduction From the windows of the building in which we are assembled we can look out over the broad expanse of the river* upon which Henry Hudson sailed two hundred and eighty years ago (1609). It was afterward christened “Hudson” by the English, and it has retained this name with the unanimous consent of the geographers of the centuries since. It seems well to-day to consider the place of the same name in the geologic nomenclature of America, as its retention has been threatened by the conclusions of various geologists, some of whom have, while others have not, studied the rocks of the Hudson valley. The question before us is, What is the value of the term “Hudson River,” in the light of the latest geologic research? Historical and Descriptive Notes. The rocks of the valley of the Hudson were described in a general way by Amos Eaton, in a . . .