Squamous papilloma (SP) of the external ear is a rare benign neoplasm, with limited research on its associated human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and pathologic features. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the largest case series of external ear SP from Southwest China. We retrospectively collected 88 cases diagnosed with SP in the external ear canal, of which 85 (97%) were located in the external auditory canal and 3 (3%) on the auricle. We investigated the clinical, pathological, and HPV-typing characteristics using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization. Our series included 74 males and 14 females, with a median age of 62.5 years (range: 5-91 years). The predominant HPV type was HPV-6 (59/62, 95.2%), followed by high-risk types HPV-16 (4/62, 6.5%), HPV-52 (2/62, 3.2%), and HPV-58 (1/62, 1.6%). Histologically, all cases demonstrated typical features of SP, including koilocytes, hyperkeratosis, and basal/parabasal hyperplasia. Additionally, co-infection with multiple HPV types was observed in four cases. Notably, high-risk HPV types were detected in seven cases, all of which were completely excised with no recurrence during follow-up. This study suggests regional variations in HPV-subtype distribution and highlights potential environmental factors contributing to the prevalence of SP in Southwest China.

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ from childhood vaccinated women: The Trial23 cohort study.

This systematic review and meta-regression analysis assessed the impact of human papillomavirus 16/18 (HPV16/18)-AS04 vaccine (Cervarix®) on advanced cervical lesions, including grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (CIN3, CIN3+), or cervical cancer, highlighting age-at-vaccination-dependent vaccine efficacy and effectiveness. Studies reporting HPV16/18-AS04 vaccine efficacy or effectiveness were included with an intervention group receiving HPV16/18-AS04 vaccine and comparator group receiving placebo, another vaccine or being unvaccinated. Of 53 articles identified, nine were selected. Meta-analysis and meta-regression models with random effects and data-driven model selection determined vaccine effects (VEs) and impactful covariates. HPV16/18-AS04 vaccine effectively prevented advanced cervical premalignant lesions and cancer in adolescent girls and women vaccinated at 12-25years. Combined randomized controlled trials and observational studies VEs on CIN3+ ranged between 76.78% (95% CI 28.15-92.49) for HPV16/18 and 56.19% (95% CI 24.76-74.49) irrespective of HPV type. Vaccine effectiveness was greatest in those vaccinated at the youngest ages. HPV16/18-AS04 vaccine provides long-term protection against cervical premalignant lesions and cervical cancer in both controlled and real-world settings, particularly when administered at younger ages. The evidence urges policymakers and the community to ensure HPV vaccination begins at the youngest recommended ages.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of preinvasive lesions in cytology cases of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types other than types 16-18. A retrospective file scan of 342 patients with normal cytology was performed between January 2016 and April 2019 in our hospital's obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic. In the first group, with the exception of HR-HPV type positivity, normal cytology and preinvasive lesions were present as a result of biopsy. In the second group, women were HPV type 16-18 positive, had normal cervical cytology, and were found to have preinvasive lesions as a result of biopsy. At the end of the study, we calculated the percentages of HPV types seen in preinvasive lesions. Three hundred and forty-two patients with normal cytology were included in our study. The average age of women was 41.09±10.61. In 58 (16.9%) patients with 342 HR-HPV type positivity, preinvasive lesions were detected as a result of biopsy. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was reported in 54 (15.7%) cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 3 (0.92%) cases, and mixed surface epithelial carcinoma (endometrioid adenocarcinoma 95%, clear cell carcinoma 5%) in 1 (0.3%) case. The age variable was not significant in biopsy subgroups (p>0.05). Among the biopsy results with preinvasive lesions, approximately half were positive for HPV type 16 or 18, and these cases were identified accordingly. Colposcopy and biopsy should be recommended in suspicious lesions, even if cytology is normal, since other HR-HPV types may also have certain rates of preinvasive and invasive lesions.

RESUMOObjetivo.Dimensionar, utilizando parâmetros de vida real, as necessidades de procedimentos associados ao câncer do colo do útero a serem incorporados com a implementação do rastreamento organizado com teste DNA-HPV e projetar essas estimativas no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil.Métodos.Estudo descritivo com dados do programa PREVENTIVO de Indaiatuba, estado de São Paulo (2017–2023), que utilizou o teste DNA-HPV para rastrear mulheres de 25 a 64 anos. A partir dos dados de realização do teste, citologia reflexa, colposcopia, biópsia, excisões do colo uterino e encaminhamento para alta complexidade, estimou-se a necessidade anual desses procedimentos considerando as diretrizes nacionais e a cobertura do sistema de saúde suplementar. Essas estimativas foram comparadas ao número de procedimentos realizados nacionalmente em 2024 no contexto do rastreamento oportunístico com citologia (Papanicolaou).Resultados.A positividade do teste DNA-HPV foi de 12,7% (3,4% para HPV16/18 e 9,3% para outros tipos de HPV de alto risco). A necessidade nacional anual estimada para implementação do programa em 2025 incluiu: 8,2 milhões de testes de DNA-HPV, 759 mil citologias reflexas, 506 mil colposcopias, 355 mil biópsias e 127 mil procedimentos excisionais. Considerando a oferta atual, houve déficit em todos os estados e regiões, especialmente para colposcopia, biópsia e excisão, com diferenças de até -96,5% em relação à demanda estimada.Conclusão.A transição para o rastreamento com teste DNA-HPV requer reestruturação da oferta de procedimentos no SUS. Os parâmetros apresentados auxiliam o planejamento regionalizado, promovendo alocação eficiente de recursos e redução das iniquidades no acesso.

vaccination and screening are the most effective methods for reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality. With high immunization coverage, there is a potential for changes in the pattern of HPV types circulating in the population, increasing the risk of reduced effectiveness of vaccination programs. Studying genotypic diversity, the prevalence of coinfections, and the interactions of HPV genotypes in different populations is a complex task for determining the oncogenic potential of the pathogen and assessing the effectiveness of vaccination. Study objective. To study the genotypic diversity and prevalence of highly oncogenic HPV types and to conduct an epidemiological assessment of coinfection patterns in patients at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Materials and methods. From 2005 to 2024, 9,056 patients were examined, including 1,269 women without complaints or clinical manifestations of disease and 751 patients with STIs. They were tested for STIs and identified 12 HPV genotypes. Research methods included PCR, clinical, epidemiological, and statistical methods. Results and discussion. The prevalence of HPV among patients with dermatovenereological profile was 28.4 %. The most common HPV types in patients at risk for STIs are both vaccine-relevant (HPV 16) and non-vaccine-relevant (HPV 31, 33, 35, 45, 56, 58) genotypes of the virus, which is important to consider when developing screening and prevention programs. The prevalence of HPV and STI coinfections was revealed in 74.7 % of cases, including 74.9 % in mycoureaplasmosis. Multiple HPV infection was detected in 15 % of cases, while the most frequent combinations of HPV VCR included genotypes 16, 31, 33, 35 and 56. Based on statistical analysis, competitive interactions are suggested between certain pairs of HPV genotypes.

Background: A quadrivalent HPV vaccine (BPV) has been developed to prevent diseases caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 for the first time in Iran. The BPV is composed of the papillomavirus major capsid protein L1, which serves as the primary target in the design of the prophylactic HPV vaccines. To enhance immunogenicity, BPV was formulated with an amorphous aluminum hydroxy phosphate sulfate adjuvant. Methods: The immunogenicity and safety of BPV were assessed through analyses of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, single and repeated doses, and reproductive effects using animal models. Results: Acute toxicity assessments showed no abnormalities in ophthalmic examinations, biochemical profiles, hematological parameters, and gross pathology findings. Additionally, no mortality or abnormal clinical signs were observed during a 90-day repeated-dose toxicity study. While some inflammatory reactions were noted at the injection sites and in the liver tissues of BPV-treated groups, these reactions were resolved by day 90 after the initial BPV administration. Furthermore, no signs of toxicity were detected in F1 offspring, and no adverse effects were identified in maternal reproductive performance, fertility, or hematological or biochemical parameters throughout the study duration. The BPV candidate successfully induced T-cell proliferation and increased the proportions of CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T cells. It also stimulated the secretion of both interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines in splenocytes isolated from animal models after the third dose. Moreover, anti-HPV L1 IgG antibody production was confirmed on day 14 after administration of each of the three BPV vaccine doses. Conclusions: The findings suggest that BPV is a vaccine candidate that stimulates both cellular and humoral immunity and demonstrate its safety profile in animal models.

Research on a single molecule signal amplification strategy for high risk HPV mRNA based on fluorescent microarray platform.

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the impact of single and multiple HPV positivity on cervical intraepithelial lesions, specifically focusing on whether the addition of high-risk HPV types to HPV-16 or HPV-18 affects the progression to high-grade lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 612 HPV-positive patients from Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (2018-2023) who underwent Pap smear and HPV genotyping. Demographic, cytological, and histopathological data were collected, with HPV types categorized as HPV-16, HPV-18, and other high-risk types. Colposcopic biopsy results were used to assess the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Results Among 612 HPV-positive patients, 137 had HPV-16 (17.4%), 39 had HPV-18 (4.9%), and 503 had other high-risk types (63.8%). HPV-16 and multiple high-risk HPV types exhibited a higher proportion of cytological abnormalities. Histopathological analysis showed that the presence of other high-risk HPV types alongside HPV-16 was associated with a lower risk of progression to high-grade lesions compared to HPV-16 alone. Specifically, HPV-16 combined with other high-risk types showed a significantly lower rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusion The addition of other high-risk HPV types to HPV-16 may slow the progression to high-grade cervical lesions, contradicting the literature that suggests multiple HPV infections increase the risk. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of multiple HPV types in cervical lesion progression.

Background/Objectives: Women treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) remain at risk of HPV detection during follow-up. We assessed whether HPV vaccination was associated with HPV positivity at the first post-treatment follow-up after LEEP. Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort included women aged 20–79 years treated by LEEP in Troms and Finnmark, Norway, during 2022–2024 (n = 1052). Vaccination status, timing, and vaccine product were obtained from the national immunization register (SYSVAK). Follow-up HPV results (overall HPV, HPV16, HPV18, and pooled other HPV types; Roche cobas 4800 channels) were retrieved from SymPathy. Results: Overall, 329/1052 women (31.3%) were HPV-positive at first follow-up. HPV positivity was 37.7% (200/530) among unvaccinated women and 24.7% (129/522) among vaccinated women (ARR 13.0 percentage points; 95% CI 7.5–18.6; RR 0.655; 95% CI 0.544–0.788; p = 5.2 × 10−6). HPV16 was detected in 5.9% vs. 9.4% (p = 0.0335), and pooled other HPV types in 18.0% vs. 28.7% (p = 4.3 × 10−5); HPV18 did not differ (2.9% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.671). In adjusted analyses, vaccination in the year of LEEP was associated with lower risk of follow-up HPV positivity (aRR 0.592; 95% CI 0.444–0.789; p = 0.000348). Conclusions: HPV vaccination before the first post-treatment follow-up was associated with lower HPV positivity after LEEP. As this outcome is a surrogate endpoint and residual confounding is possible, studies with standardized follow-up and long-term clinical endpoints are needed.

Low-risk human papillomaviruses HPV-6 and HPV-11 impose a substantial global burden of benign disease. While genomically similar to high-risk HPV types, their codon usage patterns remain uncharacterized. This study systematically deciphers these patterns in HPV-6 and HPV-11. Analysis included 214 HPV-6 and 100 HPV-11 genomes from the NCBI GenBank database. Genomic analysis identified a strong preference for A/U-ending synonymous codons (over 85% of preferred codons) and low GC content at third codon positions (<35%). Relative dinucleotide abundance analysis further revealed underrepresentation of ApA, CpG, and UpC, and overrepresentation of CpA and UpG, which critically shaped synonymous codon selection in both genotypes. While Effective Number of Codons (ENC) values >49 indicated limited overall codon bias, multi-method analyses (Parity Rule 2, ENC-plot, neutrality plot) established natural selection as the dominant evolutionary force over mutational pressure. Despite moderate host adaptation, a strategic mismatch exists between viral codon preferences and human tRNA abundance, potentially moderating translational efficiency to favor immune evasion and persistence. The Relative Codon Deoptimization Index (RCDI) values approaching 2 further support a moderate adaptation to human codon usage patterns.These findings provide crucial insights into the molecular evolution of low-risk HPVs and inform the development of codon-optimized therapeutic strategies, including vaccines targeting pathologies like genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the principal etiological agent of cervical cancer, and early detection remains central to effective disease prevention. Current PCR-based assays, however, rely on specialized laboratories and trained personnel, limiting their deployment in many settings. Here, we report a streamlined CRISPR-Cas12a assay that integrates direct sample lysis, ERA, and CRISPR-based detection into a single workflow operable with only a simple heating device to determine the presence of 14 HR-HPV types. The assay achieves high analytical sensitivity, strong specificity, and robust clinical performance while maintaining low cost and ease of use. This platform enables rapid HR-HPV detection and scalable screening, particularly in resource-constrained environments, with the potential to facilitate earlier intervention and reduce cervical cancer incidence.

Introduction. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions associated with high-risk human papillomavirus represent a significant concern in gynecological practice. Investigating the risk factors for this pathology is essential for improving methods of prevention and early diagnosis. Objective: to assess the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and to identify the risk factors for this pathology in women of early reproductive age. Materials and Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2020 to 2025 at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Advanced Training and Retraining at the Belarusian State Medical University, in cooperation with the 1st City Clinical Hospital in Minsk. The study included 186 women aged 18–35 years with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial lesions. The participants were divided into two groups: group 1 – 102 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), group 2 – 84 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). A comprehensive analysis of anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory data was carried out. Results. It was established that early onset of sexual activity, smoking, frequent change of sexual partners, a history of induced abortions, and the use of coitus interruptus as a contraceptive method are significant risk factors (p &lt; 0,001) for the development of highgrade cervical intraepithelial lesions. Statistically significant associations were also found with a family history of cervical cancer (p = 0,015), as well as comorbidities of the digestive and respiratory systems (p &lt; 0,001). Particular attention is warranted by the identified association of HSIL with HPV type 16 (p &lt; 0,001), chlamydial infection (p = 0,042), and recurrent vaginitis (p &lt; 0,001).

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Previous studies on HPV prevalence in Ecuador have presented inconsistent findings due to limited sample sizes and regional foci. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infection in Ecuadorian women, identifying high-risk HPV genomes and age-related trends, using data from the Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Program.MethodsData were collected from multiple health centers across Ecuador, particularly focusing on the province of Pichincha, utilizing GeneXpert technology and the Xpert® HPV kit between January 1 and May 31, 2023 were included. The assay reports HPV16, HPV18/45, and pooled channels for 11 HPV types (P3: 31/33/35/52/58; P4: 51/59; P5: 39/56/66/68).ResultsOf 16,197 valid tests, 1,776 were HPV-positive, yielding a prevalence of 11.0%. Women aged 30–39 were the most affected demographic, accounting for 39.7% of positive cases. The most common HPV genomes identified were 31/33/35/52/58, constituting 42.3% of HPV-positive women (P3 pooled). The prevalence of multiple HPV genome infections was 13.8%.ConclusionsThe study provides a more nuanced understanding of HPV prevalence in Ecuador, indicating that HPV rates are lower than previous national studies but higher than global estimates. The results lay essential groundwork for targeted public health interventions and suggest the need for future research to address methodological limitations.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-025-12333-z.

To analyze the infection status and subtype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and their relationship with cervical lesions among women undergoing cervical cancer screening in Guizhou Province, thereby informing HPV vaccine selection and optimizing cervical cancer screening strategies. Data were sourced from the 2024 Guizhou Province free cervical cancer screening program for women. The prevalence of hrHPV-positive samples was analyzed, and age-specific associations between HPV genotypes and severe lesions were explored. Furthermore, the co-infection propensity for any two HPV genotypes was assessed by calculating the infection rate ratio. The overall hrHPV infection rate in the Guizhou region of China was 10.09%. Among hrHPV-positive individuals, the detection rate of cervical lesions was 11.49%. In hrHPV-positive women with cervical lesions, the most common genotypes were HPV16, 52, and 58. HPV16 was predominant across the entire spectrum of cervical lesions, and its prevalence increased significantly with the severity of cervical lesions, from 21.7% in LSIL to 39.4% in HSIL, and to 56.7% in cervical cancer (p < 0.001). However, the primary HPV types leading to cervical cancer were HPV16, 18, and 33. The infection pattern was predominantly single genotype (71.8%), with multiple genotypes accounting for only 28.2%. Among multiple infections, dual infection was the most common. The most frequent mixed genotype combinations were HPV16 + 52, 52 + 58, and 16 + 58. Significant co-infection preferences were observed for HPV16 with 33, HPV16 with 58, and HPV18 with 59. Analysis of the association between HPV genotype risk grouping and age across different cervical lesion grades showed that in the LSIL group, women aged 55-65 had a significantly 24% higher risk of HPV16 infection compared to those aged 35-45 (P = 0.023), while the risk of 'Other hrHPV' infection was significantly reduced by 8% (P = 0.019). In the HSIL group, the 45-55 age group had a significantly 11% lower risk of 'Other hrHPV' infection compared to the 35-45 age group. HPV16 predominates across the entire cervical lesion spectrum, with its prevalence significantly increasing with lesion severity. Furthermore, the nonavalent HPV vaccine covers all prevalent oncogenic hrHPV genotypes in this region (except for HPV56). These findings provide crucial epidemiological evidence for optimizing HPV vaccination strategies and cervical cancer screening programs.

Cervical cancer, the second most common malignancy among Indian women, primarily arises from the transformation zone of the cervix. High-risk HPV types, especially 16 and 18, are implicated in approximately 70% of cases. The median age of diagnosis is around 50 years. Metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is rare, occurring in less than 4% of cases, with small bowel involvement being extremely uncommon.

HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical, anal, and several other pre-malignant and malignant disease caused by vaccine-specific HPV types. Despite increasing public health efforts in the past decade, HPV vaccination rates among Filipino American (FA) adolescents remain suboptimal. Our knowledge is particularly limited on how provider or practice-level characteristics were linked to uptake in this population, partially due to lack of disaggregated data. This study analyzed a sample of 669 FA adolescents, aged 13-17, using data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen (2015-2019). The aim was to identify risk factors affecting HPV vaccine uptake and completion in FA adolescents, and to compare these findings with those of an aggregate Asian American sample. Survey-weighted multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine multilevel factors associated with vaccination. Slightly over two-thirds (69.02%) of FA adolescents received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine, but only about one-third (37.65%) completed the regimen. About three quarters (74.16%) reported receiving a recommendation from their provider for the HPV vaccine, and 70.97% reported having a pediatrician. Logistic regression results showed that both provider's recommendation and having a pediatrician were significant predictors of higher likelihoods of initiation and completion of HPV vaccine series (p < .05). The results of this study provide implications for improving clinical practices to promote HPV vaccine uptake in FA adolescents. Strategies to consider include raising awareness, cultural competency, and communication approaches among physicians, especially non-pediatricians. In addition, our findings highlighted the importance of disaggregating Asian American data to better understand the unique needs of detailed Asian ethnic groups.

Effect of topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in the treatment of high-risk cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Prevalence of hr-HPV types and their association with bacterial vaginosis, yeasts and trichomoniasis in Argentine women.

Clinical analysis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer according to HPV type