Housing Census Data Research Articles

Spatially Enabling Australia through Collaboration and Innovation

Location-based information relating to people, activities, and resources is critical to informed decision making within both the private and public sectors. Within the United States it will be the U.S. Geological Survey's The National Map initiative that provides the vehicle to achieve this information delivery. This article describes the parallel work in Australia of the Public Sector Mapping Agencies (PSMA) Australia Limited. The authors briefly review the history of Australian politics and mapping, then discuss the Australian Census of Population and Housing (Census) data, and the work of the PSMA. The authors also describe the Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI), the supply chain model, the roles of various government agencies, and the PSMA Australia Limited structure and governance, strategic planning, data access, pricing policies, and partnerships with the public sector. The authors conclude that the demand for geospatial information drove the assembly of national framework datasets and provided a mechanism by which to access them. PSMA Australia is a Geospatial Data Infrastructure fashioned around traditional business concepts rather than the much espoused technological models.

Mapping the Spatial Deprivation of Pakistan

Geographical targeting may be a viable way to allocate resources for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Efficiency can be increased, and leakages to the nonpoor reduced substantially, by targeting needy areas. A national and regional database of substantial poverty maps or deprivation indices are not readily available in Pakistan. Further, existing activities of poverty alleviation are carried out on ad hoc basis in the absence of identified pockets of poverty. This paper presents indices of multiple deprivations based on the 1998 Population and Housing Census data. Possible applications of this exercise include identifying areas of need, making decisions on regional and sectoral priorities, facilitating targeted public interventions through special poverty alleviation programmes, understanding the relationship between poverty and its causes, and helping federal and provincial governments in determining financial awards.

Childhood mortality in Amara region: A case study of Misrak Gojjam and Wag Hemra zone

Background : Mortality levels and differentials have shown variations not only among countries but also among areas in an administrative region within a country. Objective : To examine variations in childhood mortality between food secure and insecure areas in the Amhara Nation Regional State, Misrak Gojjam and Wag Hemra Zones, respectively. Methods : This is a study based on the 1994 population and Housing Census data. Ordinary Least Square regression is fitted using Trussell and Preston index of childhood mortality (the ratio of observed to expected deaths) as a dependent variable. The explanatory variables were: zonal and urban-rural residence, education level, migration status, age, parity and marital status of the mother, and household size, possession of a radio in the household, economic and sanitation status of the household size, population density and percent adult literate of the wereda. Findings : Controlling for potential confounding variables, childhood mortality was 11 percent higher in food insecure Wag Hemra Zone compared to Misrak Gojjam Zone that is better food producing. Conclusion : Effort must be strengthened in drought prone areas to introduce interventions likely to increase survival probabilities of children. (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2001, 15(2): 75-88)

民営借家の規模別定住率特性 : 首都圏の中高層・民営借家を中心として

There has been a tacit recognition that dwellers of larger rental housing units must have tendency to live much longer period than those of smaller ones, and therefore there is a big difference of the stable settlement ratio between smaller rental housing units and larger ones. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the qualitative characteristics of how the stable settlement ratio and dwellers' living duration are changed in terms of floor area of multistory private rental housing in Tokyo metropolitan area, by using housing census data. Firstly, this paper analyzes the stable settlement ratio by the floor area, from the viewpoints of the relation to distance from the center of Tokyo and household types, and leads the conclusion that there is no big difference of the stable settlement ratio between smaller rental housing units and larger ones. Secondly, it analyzes the dwellers' living duration by the floor area and reaches the conclusion that the trend towards stable settlement in private rental housing itself is very low, regardless of housing size. Finally, it clarifies the relocation pattern from previous private rental housing to another housing types in terms of previous rental housing size and household types.

A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of Stillbirths and Environmental Exposure to Arsenic Using an Atmospheric Dispersion Model Linked to a Geographical Information System

Although adverse reproductive outcomes have been associated with arsenic exposure, the extent and severity of the effects of chronic inhalation of low levels of arsenic on reproduction are not known. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of stillbirths in a central Texas community that included a facility with more than a 60-year history of producing primarily arsenic-based agricultural products. We collected data on 119 cases and 267 controls randomly selected from healthy live-births at the same hospital and matched for year of birth. We abstracted medical and demographic data for the period January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1993, from hospital records and estimated socioeconomic status by median income from the 1990 Population and Housing Census data. We estimated arsenic exposure levels from airborne emission estimates and an atmospheric dispersion model and linked the results to a geographical information system (GIS) database. Exposure was linked by GIS to residential address at time of delivery. A conditional logistic regression model was fitted including maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity, income group, exposure as a categorical variable, and exposure-race/ethnicity interaction. The prevalence odds ratio observed for Hispanics in the high-exposure group (>100 ng per m3 arsenic) was 8.4, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.4-50.1.

A Residential Location Model. Dealing with Construction and Demolition

This paper proposes a new residential allocation model. It can solve a problem of housing pattern change in non-growth cities which usual operational land use models with an incremental assignment method have been troubled to treat. The model is composed of two submodels, demolition estimation and newly constructed housing assignment. As statistical data of demolition housing stocks are lacked, a calculation method of the number of them using housing census data is developed. Demolition submodel developed has some questions but it plays a great role in this model. Housing assignment submodel is an usual operational type model. The test results of the model in Osaka metropolitan area shows that it can represent complica-ted housing pattern changes with fairly good accuracy.

The Increased Utility of the 1960 Housing Census for Planning

Abstract With the published results of the third decennial census of housing now available, census users will discover a number of changes—in the basic unit of enumeration, the condition classification, small area data, the tabulation program, and subjects covered—which complicate comparisons with previous housing censuses. The rationale behind these changes was a material improvement in the useful-ness of housing census data in planning housing policy and urban renewal programs. A critical unsolved housing problem for the 1960's is that of the deteriorating central city. Among the increased resources being allocated in this direction, 1960 housing census data have been adapted to provide more effective tools for analysis of the central-city housing problem.