Hot-humid Season Research Articles

Comparative profiles of different lipoprotein cholesterol parameters and Growth Hormone during hot humid and winter season in Murrah Buffaloes

Now, it is well known that in bovines HDL-C act as substrate for ovarian steroidogenesis. The restriction of entry of other lipoprotein parameters is due to ovarian blood barrier, which restricts the entry of other lipoproteins, which are bigger in size. In vitro studies have indicated their role in mediating proliferation of cells. Besides gonadotropin, Growth Hormone (GH) is also gaining importance in the field of reproduction. GH receptors have been localized on the ovaries and follicle of bovines. Further it has been suggested that it can be the direct role of the hormone or it can be mediated through IGF-I. It has been assigned various roles in mediating follicle development, ovulation and corpus luteum maintenance. The river buffaloes are capable of breeding throughout the year, but during certain period of time were found to be more favourable than the others. It has been found that, winter season and hot humid season exhibit two extreme conditions of temperature variation; Hot humid season being unfavourable than the winter season because of high humidity and reasonably high temperature. It has been observed that during June to August months, conception rate and exhibition of estrus behaviour is low. This study was undertaken to analyze different lipoprotein cholesterol parameters namely Total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) and Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the plasma of cyclic Murrah buffaloes throughout the estrous cycle. The mean plasma concentration (μg/ml) of different lipoproteins during hot humid season were TC 592±40, HDL-C 229±42, TG 345±95, LDL-C 285±94.Where as in winter season their concentrations were 1381.0±31.0, 1793.0±110.0, 511.0±21.0, 608.0±94.0 respectively.The mean±SEM circulatory level of GH was low during HH season than during winter (6±2 ng/ml vs. 17±2 ng/ml). During estrous cycle only one peak of GH was exhibited during hot humid season where as three peaks were exhibited during winter season. It can be concluded that winter season is favourable for maintaining physiological levels of hormones and metabolic parameters, which in turn may increase the reproductive efficiency of bovines. During winter season average temperature was 15±5 °C. During hot humid season average temperature was 34±3 °C. THI was more than 75%.

Climatic conditions affect the texture and colour of Cavendish bananas (Grande Naine cultivar)

Relationships between natural production conditions (soil and climate) and physical fruit traits (texture and colour) were studied in Martinique to fuel discussions on creating a label for bananas from the French West Indies. Bananas produced at six sites, under very different conditions, during three different periods of the year, were harvested at the same temperature sum and ripened under identical conditions. The peel of green bananas harvested during the hot humid season was not as hard as that of bananas harvested during the cool dry season. In ripe bananas, an increasing correlation was noted between the rainfall level and fruit firmness ( R = 0.88) and peel hardness ( R = 0.80). This correlation could explain why bananas produced during the dry season were less firm and, conversely, those produced in highland areas, where rainfall is highest, were firmer. In ripe bananas, a decreasing correlation was also noted between the mean daily temperature and the fruit yellowness ( R = 0.84). This interaction could be responsible for the yellower colour of mountain banana pulp and of bananas harvested during the coolest seasons. The green life of bananas harvested during the hot humid season was shorter than that of bananas harvested during the dry and intermediate seasons.

Dependence of Soil Respiration on Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture in Successional Forests in Southern China

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration and its relationship with biophysical factors in forests near the Tropic of Cancer remain highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil respiration rates, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan Nature Reserve (DNR) in southern China from March 2003 to February 2005. The overall objective of the present study was to analyze the temporal variations of soil respiration and its biophysical dependence in these forests. The relationships between biophysical factors and soil respiration rates were compared in successional forests to test the hypothesis that these forests responded similarly to biophysical factors. The seasonality of soil respiration coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with high respiration rates in the hot humid season (April‐September) and with low rates in the cool dry season (October‐March). Soil respiration measured at these forests showed a clear increasing trend with the progressive succession. Annual mean (±SD) soil respiration rate in the DNR forests was (9.0 ± 4.6) Mg CO2‐C/hm2per year, ranging from (6.1 ± 3.2) Mg CO2‐C/hm2per year in early successional forests to (10.7 ± 4.9) Mg CO2‐C/hm2 per year in advanced successional forests. Soil respiration was correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. The T/M model, where the two biophysical variables are driving factors, accounted for 74%‐82% of soil respiration variation in DNR forests. Temperature sensitivity decreased along progressive succession stages, suggesting that advanced‐successional forests have a good ability to adjust to temperature. In contrast, moisture increased with progressive succession processes. This increase is caused, in part, by abundant respirators in advanced‐successional forest, where more soil moisture is needed to maintain their activities.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin Han)

Effect of Feeding Low Protein Diets on the Performance of Broiler During Hot-Humid Season

An experiment was conducted with 180 randomly selected 7 day old ISA I 757 chicks at Bangladesh Agricultural th respectively. Feed consumption, survivability and dressing percent did not vary significantly all over the experimental period. Considering the above result, it may be concluded that 21% crude protein in the diet may be suitable for hot-humid season.

Peripheral inhibin levels in relation to climatic variations and stage of estrous cycle in buffalo ( [formula omitted

The present study investigated the peripheral plasma inhibin levels in relation to 1) the stage of estrous cycle and the effect of climatic variations. Blood samples were collected from cyclic buffalo (n=5) once daily for 32 consecutive days during the tropical hot humid (summer) and cold (winter) seasons. Estrus was recorded by parading a vasectomized bull as well as by plasma progesterone determination. In the winter season, peripheral inhibin concentrations which were lowest (0.35 ± 0.02 ng/ml) during the mid-luteal phase of estrous cycle (Day 6 to Day 14, Day 0 = day of estrus) increased significantly (P < 0.02) to 0.47 ± 0.04 ng/ml during the late luteal phase (Day −4 to Day −2) and then further to 0.52 ± 0.03 ng/ml (P< 0.02) during the periestrus phase (Day −1 to Day 1). Inhibin concentrations then decreased significantly (P < 0.02) to 0.40 ± 0.03 ng/ml during the early luteal phase (Day 2 to Day 5). In the summer season the differences in peripheral inhibin concentrations among different phases of estrous cycle were found to be nonsignificant. A comparison of the circulating inhibin concentrations between the two seasons indicated that inhibin concentrations were significantly higher in the late luteal phase (P < 0.01) and periestrus phase (P < 0.05) during the winter season compared with corresponding periods during the summer season. The present study suggests that peripheral inhibin concentrations change in the estrous cycle during cooler breeding season and that environmental heat stress can cause a reduction in peripheral inhibin concentrations.

Energy conservation guidelines for government office buildings in New Delhi

New Delhi lies in a composite climatic zone, having distinct periods of cold dry, hot dry, hot humid and comfortable seasons in the year. Therefore, both space heating and cooling are required to maintain a constant degree of comfort. Being India's capital, New Delhi has over 50 central government office buildings. Typically, these are 5–10 storey buildings with similar activities and functions. Consequently, their energy-use patterns are likely to be similar. To estimate the potential for energy savings in these buildings, an energy audit was conducted on one of them at the request of the government. The study showed that significant energy savings could be effected by: 1. (a) efficient operation and utilization of the building systems; 2. (b) proper maintenance of window air-conditioning units; 3. (c) use of more efficient lightning systems; 4. (d) switching from radiant heaters to convective heaters. Some phenomena peculiar to Indian government office buildings have been identified, and measures to conserve energy have been suggested.

Climate and housing form — a case study of New Delhi

New Delhi's climate is a difficult climate to design for, being composite in nature: it experiences a dry-hot summer with temperatures up to 45°C and winters with temperatures down to 3°C and an in-between hot-humid season. The city of Delhi has a long continuous history and each stage of its development, from medieval times through the colonial period until the New Delhi of today, is to be found intact as a standing record. Each period of the city's historical development has been marked by a distinct pattern of urban growth. It is interesting to note that while climate has been an important and constant factor, the overlaying of cultural, socio-economic and technological changes resulted in widely different forms of urban structure being adopted. The changes in housing form that occurred through the three stages of the city's development were analysed systematically keeping climate as a constant factor with the variables of construction, urban structure, social patterns and symbolic language being seen as dynamic counterpoints to understand the resultant built form. This was used to identify principles of housing design of the traditional and colonial forms of housing which could be adopted to serve present-day needs and to identify those irreversible developments which make our present situation significantly different from the past. The lessons learnt from the analysis commended: (a) from the traditional housing form — the value of a tightly knit urban structure that shelters both outdoor and indoor spaces, and the street and court as socially meaningful spatial configurations; (b) from the colonial example — the use of vegetation as a microclimate modifier combined with a relaxation of built density to respond more favourably to humid and cold seasons. The factors that distinguish the present situation from the traditional and colonial situations are motorized vehicular access, relatively low mass of building construction materials and techniques, and the pressure on land causing high population densities and high-rise construction. The lessons of thie research are applied to two housing design projects for the middle-income group category of housing. These architectural solutions, which aim at optimizing environmental qualities for housing along with climatic comfort and energy utilization, suggest some limits of density and land-utilization beyond which environmental quality and energy efficiency would decline. It is recommended that such design exercises be undertaken to establish both the lower and upper limits of density and land-utilization for housing so as to provide a more holistic basis for fixing town planning norms.

Environmental profile and milk production of Friesian-Zebu crosses in Nigerian Guinea Savanna

A 10-year meteorologic data have been collated to enable delienation of the environmental profile of the Nigerian Guinea Savanna zone. Three distinct seasons are defined: a hot-dry season which lasts from March to April; a hot-humid season (May to October); and the harmattan season (November to February). The effects of these seasons on milk production by half and three-quarter Friesian-Zebu crosses were evaluated during the first 100 days of lactation over a 2-year period. There were no significant differences in milk yield between the genotypes, but at heat intensities above 27‡C, the half cross gave more milk than the three-quarter cross. It is thus recommended that the half Friesian-Zebu cross be selected for milk production in the Nigerian Guinea Savanna and that suitable husbandry and managerial adjustments such as provision of adequate clean water, shelter, good quality and silage and night grazing should be evolved to ameliorate the adverse effects of thermal stress and nutritional deficiency during the drier and hotter months of the year.

Comparison of effect of environmental and preoptic heating and pyrogen on plasma cortisol.

ARTICLESComparison of effect of environmental and preoptic heating and pyrogen on plasma cortisolI Chowers, HT Hammel, J Eisenman, RM Abrams, and SM McCannI Chowers, HT Hammel, J Eisenman, RM Abrams, and SM McCannPublished Online:01 Mar 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.210.3.606MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByEvaluation of thermo-adaptability between Tharparkar (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) calves in a controlled environmentJournal of Thermal Biology, Vol. 110Physio-biochemical responses and growth performance of buffalo heifers to betaine supplementation during hot humid season under field conditions17 July 2020 | The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Vol. 90, No. 3Seasonal variation in coat characteristics, tick loads, cortisol levels, some physiological 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to alternating environmental temperature on metabolic and endocrine responses in guinea pigs, during acute heat and cold exposureInternational Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 21, No. 1Body temperature and adrenal function in heat-exposed hypothalamic disconnected ratsPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 363, No. 3Influence of Environmental Heat on Peripheral Plasma Progesterone and Cortisol During the Bovine Estrous CycleJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 58, No. 12Environmental Heat Exposure on Cattle Plasma Catecholamine and GlucocorticoidsJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 56, No. 2The Adenohypophysial Response to Stress and its Hypothalamic ControlAdrenocortical nuclear size and function in response to high environmental temperature (37°C)Life Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 7Rat adrenal cortical activity during exposure to a high (34°C) ambient temperatureLife Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 11Plasma corticosterone response to elevated environmental temperature (34°C) and related physiological activities as influenced by ageLife Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 7 More from this issue > Volume 210Issue 3March 1966Pages 606-610 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1966 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.210.3.606PubMed4286724History Published online 1 March 1966 Published in print 1 March 1966 Metrics