Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National Research Articles

Hydrological and hydrobotanic typology of the lake of North-Steppe Dnieper region

This article is devoted to the typology of lakes of the North-Steppe Dnieper. In developing the typology of lakes, the parameters were taken into account: landscape location, hydro-chemical and hydro-biological characteristics and the degree of their anthropogenic transformation. The data presented are based on the processing of stationary and route research materials from 1998 to 2018 on the lakes of river valleys: Dnieper, Samara, and Orel. Hydrological indicators are analyzed according to the literature, cartographic and archival data of the Dneprodiprovodkhoz Institute and the Biology Research Institute of Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University. Floristic studies were carried out using general botanical methods of collection and herbarization, and in the study of typical aquatic flora - special hydro-botanical methods. Geo-botanical studies were carried out according to geo-botanical and special hydro-botanical methods. The article presents the hydrological and hydro-botanical features of the lakes of the valley of a large river (Dnieper) and medium rivers (Samara, Orel). Lakes are located exclusively in valley-terrace landscapes in the northern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Despite this, based on cartographic materials, we proposed zoning of the territory of the lakes of the North-Steppe Dnieper according to the criteria: their location in lake regions, in various landscapes and the degree of anthropogenic transformation. The following districts and subareas were identified: Dnieper Lake District (Dnieper floodplain lake subarea with slight flooding of the floodplain, Dnieper Lake subarea of floodplain terraces, Dievsky floodplain lake subarea); Samara Lake District (Lake Subarea of Samara Coniferous forest, Lake Subarea of Estuary part of Samara); Orel Lake District. Lakes are located in various physical and geographical conditions of the floodplain, arena and third saline terrace. The typology of the lakes of the North-Steppe Dnieper basin was developed on the basis of regionalization of the location of the lakes, distribution according to the ecological and topographic profile, hydrological, hydro-chemical regimes, degree and nature of overgrowing. 11 types of lakes are identified based on the above criteria. 6 types were identified for the valley of a large river: floodplain lakes (3 types) with a long-flow regime, lakes of the second (sandy) terrace (2 types) and highly mineralized lakes of the third (saline) terrace. 5 types were identified for the valleys of middle rivers: floodplain lakes (3 types) with an episodic short-burial regime, lakes of the second (sandy) terrace (low-mineralized) and excessively mineralized lakes of the third (saline) terrace.

EFFECTIVENESS OF E-LEARNING RESOURCES IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TEACHING

Implementation of electronic learning resources into the teaching of chemical disciplines in higher school does not always lead to an improvement in students' mastery of the material. Therefore, the optimal choice of effective electronic resources for the teaching of basic chemical disciplines is an urgent task. The purpose of the work was to identify the resources that are relevant to the teaching of physical chemistry from the point of view of both teachers and students. Specific questionnaires were developed to achieve the goal, and a survey of pedagogical process participants (students and faculty members) was conducted, followed by statistical processing of the survey results. The expediency of usage of 41 e-resources was investigated, and 21 resources were identified as suitable for the study of a university course in physical chemistry. Among them, eight e-resources were found to be important for teaching most topics of the discipline, and so are attributed to universal resources. Another thirteen resources are important for teaching some topics and ineffective for others (specific resources). At the same time, only five universal and eight specific resources are currently used in the practice of the Faculty of Chemistry of Olesj Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University. Some discrepancies have been identified between teachers and students concerning resource preferences that create the preconditions for the loss of effectiveness of the use of such resources. Since the use of some electronic resources is sensitive to learning styles, existing styles for faculties and students were analysed. The main differences consist in the explicit preferences of the faculty for reflective and global styles, while students are characterised by predominantly active and sequential learning styles. The results obtained regarding the effectiveness of e-resource usage are discussed from the viewpoint of preferences in learning styles characteristic of students and teachers of natural sciences.

Ecological-hydrogeological history of the development of the coal industry in the Western Donbas under the influence of a complex of technogenic factors

The Western Donbas is a mining-manufacturing region of Ukraine with a potential for increasing coal extraction in the following years. The operation of mines is followed by intense water drainage of highly mineralized ground water which accumulates in tailing ponds, which were built in the ravines without barriers screening the water-containing rocks. The problem of rational usage and protection from contamination and exhaustion of all types of water sources available for practical usage is relevant for the studied region, and all around the world. The development of a fundamental scientific solution to this problem was started in 1986, when a constantly operating mathematical model (COMM) of the changes in hydrogeological conditions of the Western Donbas was developed. The authors were the Pavlohrad Geological-Survey Expedition (PGSE), the Dnipropetrovsk Affiliate of the Institute of Mineral Resources (DAIMR) and the Department of Geology and Hydrogeology of O. Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University. It is a regional, multi-functional, constantly improved hydrogeological project limited in space but without a time limit. The COMM of the Western Donbas, along with the most obvious advantages, has one disadvantage. In spite of its small scale (1:100000) , it provides only a general characteristic of technogenic changes in the ground water regime of the territory and cannot constitute a single scientific basis for developing nature-protection hydrogeologic measures. Therefore,it has been supplemented with mathematical models of the territories adjacent to the local objects of technogenic impact on the ground water. This includes tailing ponds, tailing dams, mining dumps and mine drainage. The first three types of technogenic objects have already been sufficiently studied and described in scientific publications (Eugrashkina , 2011 ; Eugrashkina , 2012; Eugrashkina , 2013; Eugrashkina, 2013). This paper focuses on the mathematical models, changes in hydrogeological conditions under the impact of the fourth factor mine drainage. The first three factors contaminate ground water, the fourth causes decreases in the operational reserves as a result of flow of the fresh water from the upper horizons to the productive dried-out layer.

The annotative review of researches for applicants of the Doctor and the Candidate of the history specialities which were defended in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University in 2015

A subject and maintenance of dissertations for the degree of Doctor and the Candidate of historical sciences which were defended in the specialized scientific advice D 08.051.14 in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University in 2015 is considered. For a year 2 dissertations for the degree of Doctor (specialty 07.00.01 "Нistory of Ukraine") and 4 dissertations for the degree of the Candidate (specialty 07.00.01 "Нistory of Ukraine" – 1 work, 07.00.06 "Нistoriography, a source study and special historical disciplines" – 3 works) were defended. All dissertations were ratified by the Department of education and science of Ukraine. It is given the following information on every research work: theme, specialty, place (department) of work implementation, date of defense of dissertation, scientific consultant (for doctoral thesis) or leader (for candidate's thesis), his scientific degree and rank, place of work, data about official opponents. Considerable attention is spared to the compressed review of the personal achievements of authors especially to scientific novelty of their researches.

Collective monograph dedicated to the results of 65-year long research of natural and artificial biogeocoenoses under the conditions of steppe by collective of the complex expedition of Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University

The monograph consists of 13 original articles, considering history of the complex expedition, fundamental data of soil micromorphology, content of heavy metals in it, physical and chemical properties of the soils under the steppe conditions. It is ascertained the role of light structure in the formation of artificial forest plantations; the results of grass community research are given as well. Floral and coenotic structures of wetland ecosystems of the Samara river basin and the water regime of forest and steppe biogeocoenoses of Prysamarya are described. The role of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies in the structure of steppe biogeocoenoses of Ukraine is characterized. The bases for biogeocoenological ways of forest restoration of devastated lands as well as information about the diversity of Oribatida mites in West Donbas are presented. The collective monograph in memoriam for Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Corresponding member of NAS Ukraine A. P. Travleyev, which has passed away in September 2016, is necessary for the scientific staff, lecturers, postgraduate students, biology students, ecologists, and forest, water and agriculture personnel.

The investigation of thermal and gas dynamic processes in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine using slurry fuel

The article deals with the experimental and numerical investigation of thermal and gas dynamics processes in combustion chamber of prospective rocket engine developed in Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University (Ukraine). This engine uses slurry fuel, and the advantages of such innovative approach to rocket engines are discussed herein. The successfully tested layout design of the experimental engine is described. The mathematical model of the combustion chamber working process research is developed, and its reliability is provided. The results of experimental and numerical examination of pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber are presented. Analysis of the processes in the combustion chamber allowed the author to define the shortcomings of the experimental scheme. Directions for further improvement of the design of the described rocket engine are defined.

Multilingual Education in Ukraine: Challenges and Perspectives

The article deals with the challenges and perspectives for the implementation of multilingual education in Ukraine. In the first part definitional aspects of multilingualism and the difference between multilingualism and polyglotism are shown. Thereafter, the main principles of the Bologna Process in Europe and its special features in the Ukrainian higher-education system are illuminated. Furthermore, the distinguishing features of bilingual and multilingual education are highlighted. The second part (discussions and results) deals with educational experiences with the introduction and implementation of multilingual education in the Department of English Philology at the Faculty of Ukrainian and Foreign Philology and Art in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University (DNU). The authors conclude that multilingual education is a key to success and that co-operative and linguocultural learning promote the development of competent multilingual and intercultural persons and their lifelong learning.

Globally endangered butterflies (Lepidoptera) protected in the natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky»

Floodplain valley of the Dnieper river midstream is a unique natural complex, having a great bìogeographical, ecological, environmental, historical and recreational values. In 1990, the Natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky» was established within the area. The Natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky» is environmentally protected site within the Dnipropetrovsk region, Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine. This reserve occupies part of the Dnieper river valley and marshy and reedy banks of Protovch river (existing bed of Oril river). It was created by Regulation of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 15 September 1990, No. 262, based on common zoological and ornitological Nature reserves «Taromskì plavni» and «Obukhovskie zaplavy». On the territory of the Natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky», they were registered 32 Lepidoptera species listed in the List of Threatened Species at different categories (5 species in IUCN Red List ; 18 in Red Data Book of Ukraine; 7 in European Red List of plants and animals endangered on a global scale; 31 in Red Book of Dnipropetrovsk oblast). The main scientific materials were author’s collections from area of research and materials of entomological funds, Department of Zoology and Ecology, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University (mostly Memorial Collection of V. O. Barsov). Field surveys covered all the ecosystems basic on size and degree of protection. The author’s researches have conducted over the past decade during annual expeditions to the Reserve. Taxonomic structure of the complex is quite diverse, and represented by all the major families of higher millers and rhopalocera, having protectedstatus. In relation to taxonomy, this complex formed by representatives of five superfamilies (Zyganoidea, Noctuoidea, Bombycoidea, Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) from 11 families (Zygaenidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Noctuidae Arctiidae Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Satyridae, Lycaenidae). High taxonomic diversity can be explained by unique geographical location of the reserve in azonal conditions of the Dnieper river valley. Such location allows to enter different zoogeographic Lepidoptera groups on the reserve territory. Zoogeographic analysis of species protected within the reserve territory selected 7 basic groups. It was found that most of the globally rare species have Mediterranean origin (39 %); species of Palearctic origin are in second place (22 %); Western Palearctic and Ponto-Kazakh types of areas are same of number of species, and come third (11 %); and others come 17 % (European, Euro-Siberian, and Holarctic). This fauna component is specific due to presence of so-called «northern» species that make up 40 % (representatives of Palearctic, Western Palearctic, Euro-Siberian, European and Holarctic groups). Their existence within the reserve territory is only possible due to development of boreal valley ecosystems.
 High taxonomic diversity can be explained by unique geographical location of the reserve in azonal conditions of the Dnieper river valley. Such location allows to enter different zoogeographic Lepidoptera groups on the reserve territory. Zoogeographic analysis of species protected within the reserve territory selected 7 basic groups. It was found that most of the globally rare species have Mediterranean origin (39 %); species of Palearctic origin are in second place (22 %); Western Palearctic and Ponto-Kazakh types of areas are same of number of species, and come third (11 %); and others come 17 % (European, Euro-Siberian, and Holarctic). This fauna component is specific due to presence of so-called «northern» species that make up 40 % (representatives of Palearctic, Western Palearctic, Euro-Siberian, European and Holarctic groups). Their existence within the reserve territory is only possible due to development of boreal valley ecosystems.

Seed quality indeces of Tilia under environment pollution conditions caused by Prydniprovska TPP emissions, Dnipro city

The problem of full seed is one of the major issues of reproductive biology of plants. The gap between potential and real seed production, which is constantly observed in nature, becomes dramatically evident in terms of the extreme growth terms. This issue became relevantin connection with the growth of environmental pollution caused by technogenic influence. This paper discusses the research results obtained while analysing the effect that emissions, produced by Prydniprovska TPP (Dnipro, Ukraine), have on Tilia genus seed quality indices. The research objects were Tilia platyphyllos Scop., T. europaea L. and T. cordata Mill. The samples were taken in October of 2016 in the two sites of the monitoring coverage: the test area was the tree plantation adjacent to the Prydniprovska TPP (the main toxic substanceswere NOx, SO2, CO, solid impurities) in the city of Dnipro, Ukraine; the reference area was the Botanical Garden of Oles’ Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University.In terms of the industrial site, there is the decrease of seed viability in all the examined representatives of Tilia genus. Moreover, the indices of the seed fullness and 1,000 seed weight went down in the two species (T. cordata and T. platyphyllos). The research demonstrated the difference in the sensitivity of the reproductive systems of the research objects to technogenic exposure. Thus, T. cordata seeds appear to be the most vulnerable, while the seeds of T. platyphyllos and T. europaea remain the most tolerant to it. Recommendations are suggested to use the species of Tilia genus in planting of greenery in the inductrial zonez of the steppe Pryniprovya.

Seed quality indeces of Tilia under environment pollution conditions caused by Prydniprovska TPP emissions, Dnipro city

The problem of full seed is one of the major issues of reproductive biology of plants. The gap between potential and real seed production, which is constantly observed in nature, becomes dramatically evident in terms of the extreme growth terms. This issue became relevantin connection with the growth of environmental pollution caused by technogenic influence. This paper discusses the research results obtained while analysing the effect that emissions, produced by Prydniprovska TPP (Dnipro, Ukraine), have on Tilia genus seed quality indices. The research objects were Tilia platyphyllos Scop., T. europaea L. and T. cordata Mill. The samples were taken in October of 2016 in the two sites of the monitoring coverage: the test area was the tree plantation adjacent to the Prydniprovska TPP (the main toxic substanceswere NOx, SO2, CO, solid impurities) in the city of Dnipro, Ukraine; the reference area was the Botanical Garden of Oles’ Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University.In terms of the industrial site, there is the decrease of seed viability in all the examined representatives of Tilia genus. Moreover, the indices of the seed fullness and 1,000 seed weight went down in the two species (T. cordata and T. platyphyllos). The research demonstrated the difference in the sensitivity of the reproductive systems of the research objects to technogenic exposure. Thus, T. cordata seeds appear to be the most vulnerable, while the seeds of T. platyphyllos and T. europaea remain the most tolerant to it. Recommendations are suggested to use the species of Tilia genus in planting of greenery in the inductrial zonez of the steppe Pryniprovya.

MULTILINGUALLY AND MULTICULTURALLY ORIENTED MASTER’S CURRICULUM: OLES HONCHAR DNIPROPETROVSK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE

The present article is aimed at showing Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University (DNU) experience in developing multilingually and multiculturally oriented Master’s curriculum for the speciality “Language and Literature (English)” with specialization “Multilingual Education”. In the first section of the paper the notion multilingualism has been defined, and the difference between multilingualism and polyglottism has been shown. The article goes on to emphasize the main principles of the Bologna Process in Europe and their peculiarities in the Ukrainian system of higher education. Further the distinguishing features of bilingual and multilingual education have been singled out. The second section – Discussion and Results – is aimed at showing practical implementation of principles of multilingual education in Master’s curriculum. The curriculum uses the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages as a basis for defining competences and learning outcomes for the whole curriculum and for each syllabus in particular. All the competences have been described and modified so as to meet the higher education demands provided by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and multilingual education requirements as well. The Master’s curriculum of the mentioned speciality consists of five blocks. Each block contains a particular number of ECTS points with account of European higher education demands. Besides, every block includes several disciplines; and after studying them all the necessary learning outcomes and competences are provided. We come to the conclusion that multilingual education is a key to success – as co-learning of languages and linguocultures promote the formation of multilingual polycultural personality that provides a lifelong learning.

Вплив викидів Придніпровської ТЕС м. Дніпропетровськ на анатомічні показники стебла дворічного пагона представників роду Tilia

Вивчено гістологічні характеристики стебла дворічного пагона представників роду Tilia за хронічної дії на деревні насадження викидів Придніпровської ТЕС м. Дніпропетровськ. У досліджених об’єктів на техногенно забрудненій ділянці встановлено зміни розмірів гістологічних елементів стебла, характер яких має видові відмінності. У T. platyphyllos Scop. і T. europaea L. за дії токсичних викидів ТЕС виявлено збільшення ширини первинної кори стебла та окремих її складових (корка, коленхіми, корової паренхіми) та підтримання стабільних розмірів вторинної кори та її гістологічних елементів (твердого та м’якого лубу), а в T. europaea – також і радіуса деревини, що ми розглядаємо як показники відносної стійкості даних видів у техногенному середовищі. У T. сordata Mill. за дії токсикантів установлено збільшення ширини корка, корової паренхіми та загальної товщини первинної кори, що може забезпечувати певну толерантність рослин до несприятливих умов зростання. Разом із тим, у T. сordata у забрудненій зоні виявлено зменшення розмірів коленхіми, твердого лубу, м’якого лубу, нерівномірний розвиток шару деревини, що у сукупності може зменшувати механічну міцність стебла, порушувати пересування розчинів органічних речовин та елементів мінерального живлення по системі спеціалізованих провідних тканин, і, таким чином, підвищувати вразливість рослин даного виду на техногенних територіях. Запропоновано чутливі анатомічні показники стебла дворічного пагона лип як інформативні тест-параметри для застосування в моніторингу стану довкілля в умовах техногенезу.

Technogenic impact on physiological and cytogenic indices of reproductive organs of Tilia genus representatives

This paper addresses the problem of technogenic pollution which is a dramatic stress-factor for plants effectively acting as a green filter for cleaning air, water, and soil. It results in their growth rate changes, seasonal development speed deviations and plant appearance variations. Green belt to consume industrial emissions and to create the esthetic look seems to be an urgent matter to deal with technogenic pollution. Lime tree decorative characteristics depend significantly on the state of their reproductive organs (flower, inflorescence and fruit). On the other hand, biometric indices of woody plant reproductive organs are sensitive parameters characterizing the plant response to pollutants. The study discusses complex environmental pollution impact caused by sulfur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides as well as heavy metals on physiological and cytogenetic characteristics of reproductive organs of Tіlia L. genus representatives in conditions of steppe Prydniprovye. The research objectives were T . amurensis L. аnd T . cordаta Mill. Samples were collected in May and June 2014 on two sample areas. The research area borders with both heavy traffic road and Interpipe NTRP CJSC, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, that features such pollutants as SO 2 , NO 2 , iron, manganese, zinc, mercury, chrome. The control area is located in the Botanical garden of Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University. The research proved that biometric and cytogenetic parameters of generic organo of Tilia genus representatives were dramatically sensitive to the impact of pollutants. Moreover, T. cordаta was the most sensitive among species under study to multicomponent environmental pollution when assessed by criteria of suppression of woody plant reproductive capacity formation. The other benefit of this study consisted in monitoring of the blossom rate of both species that appeared to scale down substantially in the technogenic environment. Man-induced stress factors caused lower rates of a range of lime generic parameters, for example, petal length and number of a model flowers. Besides, T. cordаta model flower had also the shorter stamen. The results obtained proved that technogenic environment undermined fertile ability of pollen grains of both research objects, though the most affected species was T. cordаta . The paper offers practical applications to complete environment phyto-indication and monitoring of condition of Tіlia genus plants with the help of the suggested test parameters (blossom rate and pollen-grain fertility (test object T. cordаta ) under conditions of constant influence of SO 2 , NO 2 and heavy metals.

Спектрофотометрическое определение суммы фенольных соединений в растительных объектах с использованием хлорида алюминия, 18-молибдодифосфата и реактива Фолина-Чокальтеу

It was concluded from the results of the analysis of a number of drugs on the basis of vegetable raw materials such as tablets, tinctures, syrups, medicinal plants, fruits, teas, etc., that 18-molybdodiphosphate heteropoly anion ( 18-MPA ) and Folin-Ciocalteu (FCR) reagents were suitable for the spectrophotometric determination of the total content of phenolic compounds. This conclusion was confirmed by a high degree of correlation ( R 2 > 0,95) between the results obtained by the two methods. In many cases, the absolute difference between the results of both methods was low, and that was an evidence of closeness of apparent molar absorptivity values calculated for the reactions with the above mentioned reagents. Interaction of polyphenols with 18-MPA at pH 7.4 was rapid and complete when the total content of polyphenols was determined by the presence of flavonols or cinnamic acids. Range of pH > 9.0 was optimal for the determination of less reactive compounds (polymeric polyphenols, catechins, oxybenzoic acids). The results of the polyphenols sum determination obtained with 18-MPA or FCR reagents correlated with the results obtained using the aluminium chloride method only in the case when flavons with hydroxy groups in the positions 3 and/or 5 were dominating phenol species present in the plants. Keywords: 18-molybdophosphate heteropoly complex, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium chloride, spectrophotometric analysis, determination of phenols (Russian) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.4.012 T . A . Denisenko , A . B . Vishnikin , L . P . Tsiganok Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University , Dnipropetrovsk , Ukraine

Академік Л. В. Писаржевський – фундатор хімічної науки та освіти в Дніпропетровському університеті

The article is devoted to the 140 anniversary of birth of the academician Lev Vladimirovich Pisarzhevsky, who was a distinguished chemical scientist, founder of the important area of chemical science – electronic chemistry. The article dwells upon the basic stages of the scientist’s life and creative art. The major results of scientific and educational activity during Dnipropetrovsk period of his life are reported. His role in the foundation of dnipropetrovsk scientific school of physical chemistry, as well as in its establishment, is shown. The pioneering role of the academician L. V. Pisarzhevsky in the formation of the theory of redox reactions as processes of returning and joining of electrons, which is generally accepted nowadays, as well as in the creation of backgrounds of modern electronic theories of catalysis, has been shown. L. V. Pisarzhevsky is characterized as a wonderful lecturer and teacher who expounded chemical material from the point of view of electronic conception and laid the foundation for the reformation of chemistry. The role of the academician L. V. Pisarzhevsky in the foundation of Dnipropetrovsk University and its chemical department, as well as in the organization of educational process in this establishment, is exposed using archive materials, which are kept in the funds of the State Archive of the Dnipropetrovsk region and of the historical museum of Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University.