Holland's Hexagonal Model Research Articles

The Case Analysis of Career Commitment using Holland's Hexagonal Model Profiles

본 연구는 Holland 6각형 모형에서 계측성 상관계수가 .16으로서 둘 간 상관이 매우 낮은 탐구형(I)과 진취형(E)이 결합할 때 나타나는 진로몰입과 관련한 행동 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 특히 탐구형(I)과 진취형(E)이 각각 높은 점수로 동일하거나, 유사한 값을 가진 개인과 각각 낮은 점수로 동일하거나 유사한 개인은 진...

The Analysis of Vocational Behavior in the Inconsistency Profiles using Holland's Hexagonal Model

The Analysis of Vocational Behavior in the Inconsistency Profiles using Holland's Hexagonal Model

The Analysis Study on Correlation between the Axis of Investigative · Enterprising(IE) in Holland Hexagonal Model and Job Value

The Analysis Study on Correlation between the Axis of Investigative · Enterprising(IE) in Holland Hexagonal Model and Job Value

The Student Activities Interest Questionnaire: Relating Holland's Vocational Theory to Student Involvement

Both campus involvement and person-environment fit have been identified as factors predicting students' persistence in college. The Student Activities Interest Questionnaire (SAIQ) was developed in order to assist students in identifying campus involvement opportunities that match their personal interests, based on a classification system corresponding to Holland's hexagonal model of occupational preference. In this article, the authors describe the construction and validation of the instrument, and discuss its potential uses in promoting student retention.

Testing Holland's hexagon: Explanation and criticism

A description is given of Hubert and Arabie's test of whether an empirical matrix of correlations (between the six measures of vocational interests commonly abbreviated R, I, A, S, E, and C) supports Holland's hexagonal (circular order) model. The description makes clear that the test has severelimitations. Specifically, the circular ordering RIASEC is onlycompared with other circular orderings. Consequently, correlationmatrices arising from a model that is qualitatively different may berated very highly by Hubert and Arabie's test; several examples ofthis are given.

The Relation between Vocational Interests and the Motivation to Lead

Multidimensional scaling is used to examine the relation between vocational interests as conceptualized by Holland's (1973, 1997) hexagonal model and a newly proposed individual differences construct, called the motivation to lead or MTL (Chan, 1999). The findings support the hypothesis that the MTL construct, while correlated with certain interest domains (e.g., social and enterprising), is orthogonal to Holland's hexagonal model of interests. The findings have implications for general theory on the nature of job versus role interests at work and for the MTL construct.

An Evaluation of Holland's Model of Vocational Interests for Chicana(o) and Latina(o) College Students

In this study the authors examined the applicability of Holland's hexagonal model of interests to Chicana(o)/Latina(o) samples using multidimensional scaling and a test of the hypothesized order relations.

Basic structure of work-relevant abilities.

This study sought to determine whether the dimensions underlying a comprehensive set of 15 work-relevant abilities were similar to the Data/Ideas and Things/People Work Task Dimensions (D. J. Prediger, 1996) underlying J. L. Holland's (1997) hexagonal model of interest and occupational types. The work task dimensions and a general ability dimension served as factor targets in principal components analyses of ability self-estimates obtained from nationally representative and cross-sectional samples of 4,387 and 618 12th graders. The composition of the factors that were extracted corresponded to expectations based on the work task dimensions and Holland's hexagon. Implications for practice are noted. Study results also suggest the need for a new look at the structure of human intelligence.

Does Holland's Hexagon Travel Well?

John Holland's career theory has influenced career counselling for several decades. However, recent research has questioned the cross-cultural and gender structural equivalence of his theory. The present research examines whether 529 black South African disadvantaged students’ interest structures fit Holland's hexagonal model and whether such structures differ according to gender and socioeconomic status. The results indicate that the structure of interests of black adolescents does not provide an acceptable level of fit to Holland's hexagonal structure. This finding was evident across gender and socioeconomic status groups. There were also no within-group differences for gender and socioeconomic status. The implications of these findings for career practitioners who use Holland's measures are discussed.

Congruence from Many Angles: Relations of Multiple Congruence Indices to Job Satisfaction among Adult Workers

Methods of calculating job-person congruence are many, but only a few incorporate the circumplex assumption of Holland's (1973, 1985a) hexagonal model of vocational types. The present study used three different calculation methods—the C Index (Brown & Gore, 1994), the Kwak-Pulvino mathematical model (Kwak & Pulvino, 1982), and the Hexagon Congruence Index (Swaney & Prediger, 1985)—to calculate congruence within two samples of adult workers. In addition, two methods of obtaining three-letter codes for the work environment were employed and crossed with each congruence index, yielding six possible congruence scores. Intercorrelations among the congruence measures within each sample were examined. Finally, the ability of these measures to predict job satisfaction was evaluated, controlling for variation in organizational mobility.

Who claims Holland's hexagon is perfect?

This paper responds to seven articles containing reactions to Prediger and Vansickle (1992). The paper explains why our occupational mapping procedure and Hexagon Congruence Index are not dependent on a perfect hexagon. Instead, they provide a way to test Holland's hexagonal model. Additional misconceptions offered by Holland and Gottfredson (1992) are addressed. We interpret the other reactors as generally agreeing that a fleshed-out hexagon has considerable potential for depicting similarities and differences among specific occupations—not just Holland's six RIASEC types. In response to three reactors, we describe how the mapping procedure can be used to see whether Holland's hexagon applies to traits other than vocational interests (e.g., abilities). Before diverting attention to a diffuse list of activities, as Holland and Gottfredson suggest, we recommend that the profession stalk the perfect hexagon (“The Holyhex”) and, if the data so indicate, develop a more valid and useful alternative.

Concurrent and predictive validity of Prediger's two work-task preference dimensions

This study investigated the concurrent and predictive validity of Prediger's things/people (TP) and data/ideas (DI) bipolar work-task preference dimensions. These two fundamental dimensions have been shown to underlie Holland's hexagonal model of vocational types. The sample consisted of 311 adults with special needs; 62% were male and the mean age was 35 years ( SD = 9). Subjects were unemployed at the beginning of the study and were followed for approximately 15 months. Dependent variables for the concurrent validity analysis included gender, social involvement, years of education, and intellectual, clerical, manual and psychomotor skills. For the predictive validity analysis, a wide range of “real-world” dependent measures was used, including economic achievement, qualification requirements of subjects' occupations, social involvement, personality-job congruence, and vocational identity. The findings indicated that TP and DI were significantly correlated with four of the eight variables in the concurrent validity analysis and with 15 of the 19 variables in the predictive validity analysis. The DI work-task preference dimension was more useful than the TP dimension for predicting vocational outcomes.

Career Counseling Research and Hispanics

This article presents an extensive review of the research literature related to career counseling with Hispanics in the U.S. from 1970 to the present. Most of the research reviewed dealt with Mexican-Americans, and only a few studies included Puerto Ricans in their sample. The article is organized into four areas: occupational aspirations, vocational interests, on-the-job behavior; and educational attainment. It was found that Hispanic students tend to have high occupational and educational aspirations, Holland 's hexagonal model of career interests seem to apply to Hispanics, middle-class and college-educated Hispanics and Anglos are similar in terms of work values and career progression behaviors, and educational attainment among Hispanics varies according to their national origin, generational status, and social class. It was concluded that, in general, the career counseling research related to Hispanics is very limited in terms of content, and for the most part lacks a theoretical base. The findings of this research strongly suggest that the lack of occupational mobility among Hispanics is related to structural factors, such as socioeconomic status and lack of opportunities, and not to cultural characteristics. The literature reviewed also shows that Hispanics are not a homogeneous group and that there are important differences between the various Hispanic subgroups as well as between Hispanics from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Suggestions for future research are offered and methodological issues in career counseling research with Hispanics are examined.

The protestant work ethic and vocational preference

AbstractThe study examined the relationship between various measures of the Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) and Holland's (1973) hexagonal model of vocational preference which specifies six personality and environmental types. It was predicted that PWE measures would be positively correlated with realistic, enterprising and conventional types but not social investigative or artistic. The hypotheses were supported but the PWE measures, themselves all correlated, were also positively correlated with the artistic type. Implications of these findings for vocational guidance and the assessment of individual differences is discussed.

Holland's hexagonal model applied to nontraditional premedical students.

This study investigated the validity of Holland's Hexagonal Model utilizing data from the Self-directed Search interest inventory given to 57 black and 43 white premedical students enrolled in a medical education preparatory program. The program was designed to increase the number of qualified applicants who are underrepresented in the medical profession. The results produced positive support for Holland's Hexagonal Model. Implications for the practical application of the hexagon are discussed.

The Factor Structure of Expressed Preferences for School Subjects

This study reports the factor structure of preferences for 31 school subjects expressed by 952 females and 862 males enrolled in Year 10 in 30 Australian schools. Within each sex, six principal factors were rotated to an oblique solution. The rotated factor structure of the preferences was interpreted within the framework of Holland's (1973) typology of persons and environments (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional — RIASEC). The data were consistent with Holland's model at the level of interpretation in terms of RIASEC themes. The correlations between the factors revealed apparent sex differences in the relationships between interest themes that were not predictable from Holland's hexagonal model of the relationships. These results suggest a srong association between interests in school subjects and occupational interests. They also provide an empirical basis for classifying school subjects in terms of RIASEC interest themes.

Structural validation of Holland's hexagonal model: Vocational classification through the use of biodata.

Structural validation of Holland's hexagonal model: Vocational classification through the use of biodata.

Structural validation of Holland's hexagonal model: Vocational classification through the use of biodata.

Structural validation of Holland's hexagonal model: Vocational classification through the use of biodata.

Sex and cultural differences in the factorial structure of the self-directed search

Holland's Self-Directed Search was administered to 247 male and 252 female high school students, aged 16 to 18 years, attending state schools in New Zealand. Principal factor analysis was used in an attempt to identify six orthogonal factors analogous to Holland's six personality types. The Social and Enterprising scales could not be split into two factors in either sample, and the Investigative and Realistic scales defined a single factor for the female students. Computed distances between pairs of the six personality types in five dimensional factorial space were compared with the relative ordering of the distances expected from Holland's hexagonal model. The positions of the types in space corresponded more closely with the model for the males than they did for the females. The results, in conjunction with those of similar studies in Israel and the United States, imply that the correspondence between some summary codes on the SDS and existing occupational classifications based on Holland's types may be less than perfect, particularly for females. Also, care should be taken when using codes on the SDS to calculate Holland's indices of “consistency,” especially for females.

The fit between Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory General Occupational Themes and Holland's hexagonal model

Using a multidimensional scaling procedure, the present study examined the fit of Holland's RIASEC hexagon model to the internal relationships among the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) General Occupational Theme scales. SCII intercorrelation matrices for both sexes as reported in the SCII Manual were submitted, separately for each sex, to TORSCA 9 nonmetric scaling analysis. The Wakefield and Doughtie procedure was used to compare obtained TORSCA coordinates with expectations from Holland's hexagonal model. As a comparison, identical analyses were performed on Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) scale intercorrelation matrices, these data having originally served as the basis for advancing the utility of the hexagon model. For females, the SCII-hexagon fit was not good, with a near reversal of the Social and Enterprising scales. For males, the SCII-hexagon fit was good. For either SCII or VPI scales, the female data met expectations from Holland's model less often than the male data. A replication study on SCII data for 305 female clients of a vocational assessment clinic confirmed the previously observed sex differences. Sex differences in the structure of vocational preferences are discussed.