Holding Time Research Articles

Effects of Brazing Temperature and Holding Time on Interface Characteristics of Brazed Diamond with CeO2-Doped Ni-Cr Filler Alloy

Effects of Brazing Temperature and Holding Time on Interface Characteristics of Brazed Diamond with CeO2-Doped Ni-Cr Filler Alloy

Effect of Variable Holding Time on Biaxial Strength of Conventional Sintering 4y and 5y Psz

Background: The biaxial strength of dental zirconia restorations is strongly influenced by sintering environments. Variations in sintering protocols could affect zirconia materials' flexural strength. Aim of the study: To examine the effects of varying sintering holding time settings on 4Y and 5Y PSZ translucent zirconia's biaxial flexural strength. Materials & Methods: A digitally designed 3D STL file of disc sample was made, then using CAD CAM, the disc specimens were milled out of 4Y PSZ super translucent multilayered STML and 5Y PSZ ultratranslucent multilayered UTML zirconia ceramics (Kurary Noritake). Specimens of both two main ceramic groups were distributed into 3 subgroups and subjected to 1, 2 and 3 hours holding sintering time at 15500 C. After sintering, samples were subjected to piston on 3-balls biaxial flexural strength tests, load was applied until failure occurred, strength results were statistically analyzed utilizing SPSS program and the findings were compared among groups through the use of 1-way ANOVA and T tests, level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: According to our study findings, the 4YSTML 2 hours holding revealed highest flexural strength for tested zirconia disc samples, whereas the lowest strength values was for 5YUTML 1 hour holding. Conclusions: At 15500 C sintering temperature, translucent 4Y and 5Y PSZ zirconia showed highest biaxial flexural strength when sintered conventionally for 2 hours, the strength was affected negatively by increased and decreased holding time.

The Effect of Temperature and Holding Time for Pack Carburizing of S45C Carbon Steel on Hardness, Wear Resistance and Microstructure

The Effect of Temperature and Holding Time for Pack Carburizing of S45C Carbon Steel on Hardness, Wear Resistance and Microstructure

Effect of Holding Time on Prior Austenite Grain Sizes and TiN Particles in Mg-Treated Steels Used for HHIW at the High Temperature of 1350 °C

Effect of Holding Time on Prior Austenite Grain Sizes and TiN Particles in Mg-Treated Steels Used for HHIW at the High Temperature of 1350 °C

Effect of Solid Solution Treatment Routes on the Microstructure Configuration of a Third-Generation Ni-Based Superalloy

The step and ramp heat treatments can improve the homogenization degree of the structure in superalloys. However, the comparison between them using the same temperate range and total holding time on the microstructure and the microstructural stability is still vague. The effects of step and ramp heat treatment in the same solution temperature range and the same hold time on the microstructural stability in a third-generation superalloy were studied. The sizes of γ′ phases at dendrite cores and dendrite edges are different, which is caused by the dissolution degree of the γ′ phase during solution treatment. A low degree of γ′ phase dissolution aggravates the dendritic segregation. Dendrite segregation makes refractory elements such as Co, Mo, W, and Re aggregate in the dendrite core, and the TCP phase is easy to nucleate and precipitate during long-term thermal exposure, resulting in decreased structural stability. The investigations in this study compare the differences and obtain optimized processes and parameters for the improvement of superalloys.

Effect Of Six Weeks Yoga Training Program On Physical Fitness, Breath Holding Time And Bmi Of College Men

Effect Of Six Weeks Yoga Training Program On Physical Fitness, Breath Holding Time And Bmi Of College Men

Joint Optimization of Speed and Holding Time Control for Bus Rapid Transit: A Multiobjective Approach

Joint Optimization of Speed and Holding Time Control for Bus Rapid Transit: A Multiobjective Approach

Influence of Sintering Temperature and Holding Time on the Properties of DLP-Fabricated Si3N4/SiAlON Ceramics

Influence of Sintering Temperature and Holding Time on the Properties of DLP-Fabricated Si3N4/SiAlON Ceramics

Effect of Asana Practices and Pranayama Practices on Selected Breath Holding Time and Explosive Power in Terms of Vertical Distance among Varsity Men Students

Effect of Asana Practices and Pranayama Practices on Selected Breath Holding Time and Explosive Power in Terms of Vertical Distance among Varsity Men Students

The Effect of Holding Time on the Properties of N-Vacancy Diffused High-Entropy Nitride Ceramics (Ti0.25V0.25Cr0.25Nb0.25)N0.825

The Effect of Holding Time on the Properties of N-Vacancy Diffused High-Entropy Nitride Ceramics (Ti0.25V0.25Cr0.25Nb0.25)N0.825

Formation Mechanism and Influence of Heating Temperature and Holding Time on Surface Decarburization of 40Cr Steel during Hot Forging Process

During hot forging and heat treatment of 40Cr steel, a decarburized layer emerges on the surface, affecting fatigue life. However, the decarbonization of 40Cr steel has not been reported so far. The experiment mainly studies the effect of holding temperature and time on decarbonization. The 40Cr steel undergoes complete decarburization at 700 and 750 °C while experiencing a combination of complete and partial decarburization at 800 °C, transitioning solely to partial decarburization above 850 °C. The decarburized layer thickness measured at 750 and 800 °C is 140 and 200 μm respectively; the total decarburization layer thickness exhibits an exponential increase with the temperature. The thickness of the completely decarburized layer, influenced by varying factors across temperature ranges, initially rises and subsequently declines with the escalation of temperature, reaching its maximum at ≈750 °C. The maximum value of complete decarburization is 146 μm. Simultaneously, the total depth of decarburization is found to be proportional to the square root of time, adhering to Fick's second law. The fitting result is expressed as x = 165.47t1/2 at 750 °C. Notably, the existence of the decarburized layer results in a decrement in both the tensile strength and yield strength of the component, albeit accompanied by a marginal improvement in ductility.

Effects of Air Pressure and Holding Time on Muscle Blood Flow Promotion in Pneumatic Squeeze Hold.

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effects of air pressure and holding time on the promotion of muscle blood flow using a squeeze-hold technique with a pneumatic cuff in healthy college students. Methods Subjects (n = 12) were placed in the prone position, and a pneumatic cuff was secured around the left lower leg. The cuff was inflated to predetermined pressures (50, 100, and 200 mmHg) to squeeze the lower leg muscles. After the pressure was held for predetermined time periods (20 seconds, one minute, three minutes, five minutes, and seven minutes), the cuff was deflated to release the associated compression in the lower leg muscles. During the intervention and after release, the hemodynamics of the left gastrocnemius muscle were measured using a muscle infrared spectrometer. Results At 50 mmHg, the promotion of muscle blood flow was absent at all holding times. At 100 mmHg, the effect of enhanced muscle blood flow was observed as follows: for up to one minute after release with holding times of 10 seconds and 1 minute, up to two minutes after release with a holding time of three minutes, and up to eight minutes after holding times of five and seven minutes. At 200 mmHg, a muscle blood flow-promoting effect was observed for up to one minute after release with a holding time of 10 seconds, up to two minutes after release with a holding time of one minute, and up to 10 minutes after release with holding times of three, five, and seven minutes. Conclusion The analysis indicated that a cuff pressure of at least 100 mmHg was necessary to achieve a significant blood flow-promoting effect. Furthermore, longer holding times at higher pressures produced more sustained increases in blood flow. These findings suggest that the squeeze-hold technique, with appropriate pressure and duration, can effectively increase muscle blood flow.

The Effects of Super-Fast Heating Rate and Holding Time on the Microstructure and Properties of DP Fe-0.16C-1.4Mn Sheet Steel.

This study investigates the influence of super-fast heating rate and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase (DP) Fe-0.16C-1.4Mn sheet steel. Super-fast heating and cooling rates were achieved via induction heating and gas quenching. The results were also compared with those for a conventional low-speed heat treatment. The microstructures were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. The results showed that the layered structure of the DP Fe-0.16C-1.4Mn steel after super-fast heating was mainly composed of recrystallized ferrite, martensite clusters, and a small amount of residual austenite. Compared with the conventional method, super-fast heating significantly refined the grains and improved yield and tensile strength, but it slightly reduced the elongation. The fraction of martensite, which depends on the nucleation and growth behavior of austenite, was significantly affected by the heating rate and holding time. The DP structure of Fe-0.16C-1.4Mn steel had an atypical layered heterogeneous structure, with an uneven plastic strain between the two phases occurring during the deformation process, which is something that can improve fracture elongation.

Analysis of Optimization Parameters for Plastic Injection Process Molding by Genetic Algorithm

Purpose: to analyze the optimum parameters in the injection molding of carbon fiber 66 (PA66) composite resin obtained from the injection molding process of the electrical connector assembly. Design/methodology/approach: Experimental research will examine relevant parameters uti lizing experimental design based on the Genetic Algorithm Method. Findings The optimum parameters in the injection molding process are Injection Pressure at 110 MPa, Holding Pressure at 55 MPa, Holding Time at 1.0 sec, Injection Speed at 40 mm/s, Injection Stroke at value 15 mm, which will make the results of the injection workpiece pro duced from the injection machine be the length that is in the standard value. Practical implications: The findings improved the molding problem: Short shot problem enhanced by 1.15%; Weld line problem improved by 0.38%; Silver mark problem enhanced by 0.11%. Originality/value: Decrease the defect from a short shot problem in the injection molding process to save time and reduce production costs.

Effect of Annual Yoga Training Programme on Physical Fitness Breathe Holding Time and BMI of Boarding Male Students

Effect of Annual Yoga Training Programme on Physical Fitness Breathe Holding Time and BMI of Boarding Male Students

Normative values of neck extensor endurance test in young adults

Normative values of neck extensor endurance test in young adults

Hyperdoping: doping TiO2 beyond thermodynamic limits using Flash sintering

Hyperdoping: doping TiO2 beyond thermodynamic limits using Flash sintering

Effect of Si and Holding Time on Ti2Al20La Phase in Al-Ti-La Intermediate Alloy.

The effects of holding time and Si on the content, shape size and structure of Ti2Al20La phase in Al-Ti-La intermediate alloy were investigated by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the volume fraction and aspect ratio of Ti2Al20La phase in Al-Ti-La intermediate alloy decrease significantly, from 21% and 2.3 without Si addition to 4% and 2.0 with the addition of 2.3 wt.% Si at a holding time of 15 min at 750 °C, respectively. The Si element will attach to the Ti2Al20La phase and form La-Si binary phase at the grain boundary of α-Al. With the increase of holding time from 15 min to 60 min, the content of Ti2Al20La phase in the alloy gradually decreases and the size decreases significantly. Meanwhile, Al11La3 will dissolve and disappear, while the content of La-Si binary phase increases, and part of Ti2Al20La phase transforms into Ti2(Al20-x,Six)La phase.

Study on the Effect of Long Holding Time on Improving the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb Microalloyed Steels

Study on the Effect of Long Holding Time on Improving the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb Microalloyed Steels

Update of the cooling protocol for antibiotic-free storage of boar semen at 5°C improves sperm quality and maintains low bacterial counts.

Preserving boar semen at 5°C instead of the conventional storage temperature of 17°C would enable a reduction of antibiotic use in pig insemination. To protect the chilling-sensitive boar spermatozoa, holding the extended semen at a higher temperature before cooling could be beneficial and facilitate the implementation of the innovative preservation concept in practice, provided that bacterial growth is kept at a low level. The aim of this study was to introduce a holding time (HT) at 17°C before cooling and to examine the effect on sperm quality and bacterial growth compared to the original cooling protocol for antibiotic-free 5°C semen storage. A series of experiments with semen doses from eight boars extended in Androstar® Premium without conventional antibiotics revealed that sperm kinematics and the integrity of sperm plasma membranes and acrosomes were improved with HT between 16 and 24 h followed by delayed cooling with 0.04°C/min when compared to the original protocol for semen preservation at 5°C (p < 0.05). Both a shorter HT of 6 h and a faster cooling rate of 0.07°C/min reduced sperm quality (p < 0.05). The HT for 24 h did not compromise the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth during long-term semen storage at 5°C, not even in semen doses spiked with Serratia marcescens. In conclusion, semen storage at 5°C with the modified cooling protocol improved sperm quality and is antimicrobially efficient. It thus presents a ready-to-use tool for a reduction or replacement of antibiotics in pig insemination.