History Of Unintended Pregnancy Research Articles

Factors Associated with History of Unintended Pregnancy Among Mothers in Mississippi

Factors Associated with History of Unintended Pregnancy Among Mothers in Mississippi

Family planning unmet need among women attending primary healthcare clinics in Western Region, Saudi Arabia.

The gap between some women's reproductive intention and their contraceptive behavior clearly poses a challenge to the ongoing family planning program. Unmet need has generated much interest, both among academics and policymakers over the years. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, subgroups, and reasons of unmet need for family planning among married Saudi women in Military Hospitals in Taif city. A cross-sectional study was adopted in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. It included a random representative sample of married women in the childbearing age (18-49 years) who attended the Family Medicine center in Prince Mansour military hospital (n = 8 clinics), Family medicine clinics at Al-Hada Armed Forces hospital (n = 3 clinics), and Al-Razi center in Prince Sultan hospital throughout the study period (March-June, 2022), provided that they had at least one child. A self-created validated questionnaire in the Arabic language was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic variables, reproductive history, and contraceptive practice including reasons of either using or never using contraceptive methods. Four hundred women participated in the study out of a targeted 431 with a response rate of 92.8%. The age of the participating women varied from 20 to 50 years (34.2 ± 7.5 years). Slightly less than half of the participant married women (48.5%) were contraceptive users. Spacing between children was mentioned by majority of those used/using contraceptives (82%), whereas limiting the number of children was mentioned by 9% of them. The commonest reported method of contraception used by women was oral contraceptive pills (58.3%), followed by intrauterine device (IUD) (41.6%). History of unintended pregnancy was reported by more than one-third of the participants (37%). Regarding contraceptive method used during unintended pregnancy, oral contraceptives (39.2%), safety period (21.6%), and condom (21.6) were the most frequent methods. Unmet contraceptive need prevalence was 49.9%. Unmet contraceptive need was significantly associated with husband's educational level (P = 0.008), husband's job (P = 0.011), family income (P = 0.001), age of marriage (<0.001), age of pregnancy (<0.001), number of pregnancy (<0.001), and parity (<0.001). The prevalence of unmet need of contraception use among women in Taif city is high. Husband-related factors were significantly associated with unmet contraception use.

Modern contraceptives utilization and associated factors among married women of reproductive age in Holeta town, central Ethiopia

BackgroundModern contraceptives have been identified as key strategies to control fertility and improve maternal health. However, it was poorly utilized in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among married women of reproductive age groups in Holeta town, central Ethiopia, 2021. MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01–30, 2021, among 343 women of reproductive age in Holeta town. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Both bivariate and a multivariable logistic regression model was used, and statistical significance was determined with a 95% confidence level and a P value of less than 0.05. ResultThe overall magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization was 52.5%. The desire for more children [AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: (0.26–0.89)], a history of child death [AOR = 1.54, 95% CI:(1.22–3.01)], religious prohibition [AOR = 0.37, 95% CI (1.01–3.84)], inter-spousal discussion [AOR = 5.95, 95% (1.31–7.01), and history of unintended pregnancy [AOR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.01–2.60)] were significantly associated with the use of modern contraceptive methods. Conclusion and recommendationIn comparison to national goals set to be reached by 2024/25, the rate of current modern contraceptive use is determined to be good. Therefore, program implementers need to address these significant factors and encourage couples to discuss issues related to reproductive health, including family planning.

Evaluation of family planning methods in married women with epilepsy

BackgroundEpilepsy is one of the most common neurologic unit diseases that have different prevalence in different parts of the world. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are associated with major fertility risks for women of childbearing age. Due to the fact that studies on family planning methods in married women with epilepsy (WWE) have not been conducted in Iran, the aim of this study was to evaluate the family planning methods in married WWE in Birjand, Iran. MethodsAn analytical-descriptive study was performed on 126 married WWE hospitalized in the neurology ward or referred to Vali-e-Asr specialized and sub-specialized clinic in Birjand. Demographic information of patients as well as data on the type of used AED, and various methods of family planning were collected in a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square and Fisher tests. All of the above analyses were considered at a significance level of less than 5% by SPSS v.19 software. ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 33.41 ± 9.15 years. The mean age of experiencing the first seizure and the onset of menstruation were 24.82 and 13.79 years, respectively. Fifty (35.5%), 38 (27%), 15 (10.6%), 14 (9.9%), and 14 (9.9%) patients used sodium valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, levetiracetam, and lamotrigine, respectively. The results showed that 72 sexually active patients (70.6%) used family planning methods, of which 43 patients (59.7%) used withdrawal method, 20 patients (27.8%) used condoms, and 6 patients (8.3%) used oral contraceptive pills (OCP). Eight patients (9.6%) had a history of unintended pregnancy and 3 patients (3.6%) had a history of abortion. ConclusionIt is recommended to apply effective family planning methods in married WWE to prevent unintended pregnancies and the subsequent adverse effects in the fetus, considering the fact that a significant percentage of WWE did not use effective family planning methods and 8 cases of unintended pregnancies were reported. Because of high consumption of valproate in women of childbearing age in our study and concerning issue about its fetal malformation, it is recommended to reduce the administration of valproate in this population. Moreover, regarding the low consumption of folic acid, especially for women of childbearing age and pregnant WWE who are taking AED, the necessary recommendations should be made by our physicians.

Access to contraceptive services among Myanmar women living in Japan: A qualitative study

ObjectivesDespite relatively poor health outcomes of migrants in Japan, little is known about their access to reproductive healthcare. We conducted qualitative research to explore perceived barriers to access, with a specific focus on contraceptive services, and their consequences among Myanmar migrants in Japan. Study designFrom January to April 2020, we conducted 17 in-depth interviews with Myanmar migrant women and 4 key informant interviews with Myanmar interpreters working in health services in Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba prefectures. We transcribed interviews and coded them in ATLAS.ti primarily using a deductive approach based on the 5 components of Levesque et al.'s conceptual framework of healthcare access. We also used inductive coding to allow for other themes outside of the framework to emerge. ResultsAmong the 17 women, almost half stated that they were using periodic abstinence based on the presumed fertility window or the withdrawal method. Furthermore, slightly over half of the women had a history of unintended pregnancy. Language barriers, limited health information sources, cultural and health beliefs and financial factors played important roles in access to contraceptives among Myanmar migrant women. Women described how these barriers resulted in feeling lack of control over family planning and unintended pregnancies. ConclusionsFindings suggested that Myanmar migrants in Japan are faced with limited contraceptive access. Language barriers, limited information sources, health beliefs, and cultural and financial factors affected access. ImplicationsResults suggest that to increase public awareness and contraceptive access of Myanmar women in Japan nonprofit support programs would benefit from the help of existing social networks of Myanmar migrants, interpreters, and Japanese doctors and researchers in reproductive health.

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN DILLA UNIVERSITY, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2018

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Globally, despite the availability of effective contraception methods, the number of unintended pregnancy is high among an adolescent that leads to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Taking emergency contraceptive within the recommended time is highly effective to prevent unintended pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the high rate of unwanted pregnancy among female students in the Universities is a community and government concern. Thus, this study is aimed to determine the level of knowledge and practice of emergency contraceptives among female students in Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted and multistage sampling technique was employed to enroll a total of 672 study participants. A systematic simple random sampling was used to enroll study units. Data was collected using structured self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the SPSS-20 software. RESULT: Only 150(40.3%) had used emergency contraceptives after having unprotected sexual intercourse However, from the total respondents, 372(29.4%) were sexually active, 84(22.5%) had a history of unintended pregnancy and eighty (95.2%) of pregnancy ended up with abortion. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the utilization of emergency contraceptives after unprotected sexual practice was low among female students in the University. Therefore, more effort is needed to access emergency contraceptives in the university, mainstreaming reproductive and sexual issues and community awareness on adolescents’ reproductive and sexual rights may alleviate this burdened health risk of female students in the Universities.

Cross cultural workers in maternity and child & family health services

In the United States, 45% of pregnancies continue to be unintended. Although many previous studies have focused on external barriers to contraceptive use such as cost or access, fewer studies have evaluated internal barriers such as individual characteristics. We hypothesize that high self-efficacy for contraception will be associated with use of more effective contraceptive methods.The analytic sample is 861 privately insured Pennsylvania women aged 18 to 40 years not intending pregnancy for 12 months at enrollment. Contraceptive self-efficacy (high vs. low) was measured using an eight-item scale. The association of self-efficacy with prescription contraceptive use was determined using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for future pregnancy intention, history of unintended pregnancy, number of live births, non-White race, frequency of sexual intercourse, marital status, and age group.Prescription contraceptive use was higher among those with high self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–2.37).Women with high self-efficacy for contraception had an increased use of prescription contraceptive methods compared with nonprescription methods. Strategies for encouraging effective contraceptive choices in women with low contraceptive self-efficacy should be further studied.

The Association between Mental Health Disorders and History of Unintended Pregnancy among Women Veterans.

Women Veterans have high rates of mental health disorders and other psychosocial factors which may render this population particularly vulnerable to negative health outcomes associated with unintended pregnancy. The objective of our study was to assess the relationship between self-reported mental illness and history of unintended pregnancy among women Veterans. Data are from a nationally representative, cross-sectional telephone survey of women Veterans, ages 18-45, who used VA for primary care within 12months prior to interview (survey completion rate 83%). Predictors were self-report of any and number of mental health disorders (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia). Outcomes were any and number of unintended pregnancies. Multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression were used to assess relationships between mental illness and unintended pregnancy. To assess women's current risk of unintended pregnancy, we examined associations between any mental health disorder and contraceptive use at last sex among heterosexually active women not desiring pregnancy. Among 2297 women Veterans, 1580 (68.8%) reported a history of at least one mental health disorder, with 20.1, 21.6, and 27.0% reporting one, two, or three or more conditions, respectively. Any history of unintended pregnancy was reported by 1315 women (57.3%); 28.3% reported one, 15.6% reported two, and 13.4% reported three or more. Compared to women with no mental illness, women with any mental health disorder were more likely to report any unintended pregnancy (60.3 vs. 50.5%; adjusted OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.15, 1.71) and to have experienced greater numbers of unintended pregnancies (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.29; 95% CI 1.15, 1.44). Increasing numbers of mental health disorders were associated with greater numbers of unintended pregnancies. Contraceptive use and method efficacy at last sex did not differ by mental health status. Women Veterans with mental health disorders are more likely to have experienced any and greater numbers of unintended pregnancies than Veterans without mental health disorders.

High Self-Efficacy Is Associated with Prescription Contraceptive Use

In the United States, 45% of pregnancies continue to be unintended. Although many previous studies have focused on external barriers to contraceptive use such as cost or access, fewer studies have evaluated internal barriers such as individual characteristics. We hypothesize that high self-efficacy for contraception will be associated with use of more effective contraceptive methods. The analytic sample is 861 privately insured Pennsylvania women aged 18 to 40years not intending pregnancy for 12months at enrollment. Contraceptive self-efficacy (high vs. low) was measured using an eight-item scale. The association of self-efficacy with prescription contraceptive use was determined using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for future pregnancy intention, history of unintended pregnancy, number of live births, non-White race, frequency of sexual intercourse, marital status, and age group. Prescription contraceptive use was higher among those with high self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.37). Women with high self-efficacy for contraception had an increased use of prescription contraceptive methods compared with nonprescription methods. Strategies for encouraging effective contraceptive choices in women with low contraceptive self-efficacy should be further studied.

Childhood sexual abuse, risky sexual behaviors and adverse reproductive health outcomes among Chinese college students.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious public health problem worldwide. We reported the prevalence of CSA and examined its association with risky sexual behaviors and adverse reproductive health outcomes among college students in China. Participants were 17,966 college students from 130 colleges in Eastern, Central, and Western China, who completed the online questionnaire in January-August 2015. Data were obtained from a cluster-random Internet-based survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed: risky sexual behaviors and adverse reproductive health outcomes were outcome variables, and various types of CSA were predictor variables, while adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics. The overall prevalence of any type of CSA was 27.5%. Most perpetrators were friends/acquaintances (34.6%) or intimate partners (24.7%) of the victims. Respondents who reported penetrative CSA were strongly associated with regular unprotected sex (odds ratio (OR): 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-4.0), early sexual debut (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 3.3-9.1), having genital tract symptoms in the last 12 months (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 4.1-6.0), unintended pregnancy (OR: 6.2, 95% CI: 4.2-9.0), and induced abortion (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 3.7-8.2) (for boys, the survey asked about history of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion of their sexual partners). A dose-response relationship was found across non-contact, contact, and penetrative CSA. CSA experience may increase the likelihood of risky sexual behaviors and adverse reproductive health outcomes in victims' early adulthood.

Socioeconomic Status As a Risk Factor for Unintended Pregnancy in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project.

To evaluate the association of low socioeconomic status as an independent risk factor for unintended pregnancy. We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Contraceptive CHOICE project. Between 2007 and 2011, 9,256 participants were recruited and followed for up to 3 years. The primary outcome of interest was unintended pregnancy; the primary exposure variable was low socioeconomic status, defined as self-report of either receiving public assistance or having difficulty paying for basic necessities. Four contraceptive groups were evaluated: 1) long-acting reversible contraceptive method (hormonal or copper intrauterine device or subdermal implant); 2) depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection; 3) oral contraceptive pills, a transdermal patch, or a vaginal ring; or 4) other or no method. Confounders were adjusted for in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the effect of socioeconomic status on risk of unintended pregnancy. Participants with low socioeconomic status experienced 515 unintended pregnancies during 14,001 women-years of follow-up (3.68/100 women-years; 95% CI 3.37-4.01) compared with 200 unintended pregnancies during 10,296 women-years (1.94/100 women-years; 95% CI 1.68-2.23) among participants without low socioeconomic status. Women with low socioeconomic status were more likely to have an unintended pregnancy (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.2). After adjusting for age, education level, insurance status, and history of unintended pregnancy, low socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk of unintended pregnancy (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7). Despite the removal of cost barriers, low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher incidence of unintended pregnancy.

High Self-Efficacy Correlates With Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives [20A

INTRODUCTION: The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) as the safest and most effective reversible contraceptives. In the US, only 7% of women use LARCs, and 45% of pregnancies continue to be unintended. Barriers to LARC use can be intrinsic or extrinsic. While previous studies focus on extrinsic barriers to LARC use, our study evaluates intrinsic barriers. We hypothesize that two psychological traits, locus of control (LOC) and contraceptive self-efficacy (SE), influence use of LARCs. METHODS: Data are from the baseline survey of an IRB-approved randomized control trial. The study population was 874 privately insured Pennsylvania residents aged 18-40, who were not intending pregnancy for 12 months. LOC (internal vs external) and contraceptive SE (high vs low) were measured using composite scores from 5 and 8-item scales respectively. The association of LOC and SE with LARC use was determined using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for future pregnancy intention, education, and history of unintended pregnancy. RESULTS: LARC use was predicted by high SE (Adjusted OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.13, 3.19), but not by internal LOC (Adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.53-1.42). LARC use was also predicted by ambivalence about future pregnancy and history of previous unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Women with high SE had an increased use of LARCs. Efforts to identify patients with low self-efficacy may provide opportunity for increased counseling and interventions to promote use of LARCs.

Sexual dysfunction among youth: an overlooked sexual health concern.

BackgroundThere is growing recognition that youth sexual health entails a broad range of physical, emotional and psychosocial responses to sexual interactions, yet little is known about sexual dysfunctions and well being in youth populations. This study explored sexual dysfunctions among youth and its associations with other domains of sexual health. Sexual dysfunctions were defined as: problems related to orgasm, pain during intercourse, lack of sexual desire or sexual pleasure.MethodsData were drawn from the 2010 French national sexual and reproductive health survey comprising a random sample of 2309 respondents aged 15-24 years. The current analysis included 842 females and 642 males who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months. Chi square tests were used to test for differences in sexual dysfunctions by sex and explore associations with other domains of sexual health.ResultsHalf of females (48%) reported at least one sexual dysfunction versus 23% of males. However, over half (57%) of youth reporting at least one dysfunction did not consider this to hinder their sexuality. Altogether, 31% of females cited at least one sexual dysfunction hindering their sexuality—more than three times the 9% of males. Sexual dysfunction was strongly and inversely related to sexual satisfaction for both males and females and additionally to a recent diagnosis of STI or unintended pregnancy for females. Sexual dysfunctions hindering sexuality were also correlated with a history of unintended pregnancy among males.ConclusionWhile most youth in France enjoy a satisfying sexual life, sexual dysfunction is common, especially among females. Public health programs and clinicians should screen for and address sexual dysfunction, which substantially reduce youth sexual wellbeing.

Correlates of Heterosexual Anal Intercourse among Women in the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth.

Heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI) is common among U.S. women. Receptive anal intercourse is a known risk factor for HIV, yet there is a paucity of data on HAI frequency and distribution in the United States. Condom use is lower with HAI vs. vaginal intercourse, but little is known regarding of correlates of HAI with and without condoms. The aims of this study were to describe recent (past 12 months) and lifetime HAI among sexually active reproductive-aged U.S. women, and to characterize women who engage in HAI with and without condoms. We analyzed a sample of 10,463 heterosexually active women aged 15-44 years for whom anal intercourse data were available in the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Weighted bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine HAI prevalence and correlates. Primary outcomes were lifetime HAI, recent (last 12 months) HAI, and condom use at last HAI. In our sample, 13.2% of women had engaged in recent HAI and 36.3% in lifetime HAI. Women of all racial and ethnic backgrounds and religions reported recent anal intercourse. Condom use was more common at last vaginal intercourse than at last anal intercourse (28% vs. 16.4%, P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, correlates of recent HAI included: less frequent church attendance, younger age at first intercourse, multiple sexual partners, history of oral intercourse, history of unintended pregnancy, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (all P < 0.05). Correlates of lifetime HAI were similar, with the addition of older age, higher education, higher income, and history of drug use (all P < 0.05). Women of all ages and ethnicities engage in HAI, at rates higher than providers might realize. Condom use is significantly lower for HAI vs. vaginal intercourse, putting these women at risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections.

Structural determinants of dual contraceptive use among female sex workers in Gulu, northern Uganda.

To describe the characteristics of female sex workers (FSWs) who do and do not use dual contraceptives (i.e. male condoms plus a non-barrier method) in Gulu, northern Uganda. The present analysis was based on data gathered as part of a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study conducted between May 2011 and January 2012. FSWs aged 14 years or older were recruited through peer-led or sex worker-led outreach and community-based services. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of dual contraceptive use. Among the 400 FSWs who participated, 180 (45.0%) had ever used dual contraceptives. In the multivariate model, dual contraceptive use was positively associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.15; P=0.001), prior unintended pregnancy (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01-2.34; P=0.046), and HIV testing (AOR 5.22, 95% CI 1.75-15.57; P=0.003). Having to rush sexual negotiations owing to police presence was negatively associated with dual contraceptive use (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42-1.00; P=0.050). Although a history of unintended pregnancy and accessing HIV testing might promote contraceptive use, criminalized work environments continue to pose barriers to uptake of sexual and reproductive health services among FSWs in post-conflict northern Uganda. Integrated links between HIV and sexual health programs could support contraceptive uptake among FSWs.

Clients satisfaction with family planning services and associated factors among family planning users in Hossana Town Public Health Facilities, South Ethiopia: Facility-based cross-sectional study

Client satisfaction is considered as one of the desired outcomes of health care and it is directly related with utilization of health services. It reflects the gap between the expected and the experience of the service from the client’s point of view. The objective of this study was to assess clients’ satisfaction with family planning services and associated factors. Facility-based cross-sectional study that involved an exit interview was conducted from February to March, 2014 in public health facilities in Hossana town. The data were collected from 324 respondents selected by systematic sampling technique using pre-tested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Of the total of 324 study subjects, 75.3% of the respondents reported that they were satisfied with services they received. In multivariate analysis, satisfaction of clients was higher for women who reported their waiting time to be 30 min and less (AOR=5.5 [95% CI=1.918, 15.77]), for those whom privacy was ensured during exams and procedures (AOR=5.08 [95%CI=2.270, 11.387]), told how to use the method (AOR=3.431[1.206, 9.761]), had history of unintended pregnancy (AOR 2.803[1.058, 7.426]), repeat users (AOR=3.041[1.37, 6.737]), convenient opening hours (AOR= 4.730[1.217, 18.383]) and lower for those women who perceived health facilities not clean (AOR= 0.192[0.056, 0.658]) and those who had experienced methods side effect (AOR=0.280 [95%CI= [.121, 0.645]. This study revealed that clients’ satisfaction with family planning service was low. The frequency of visit, waiting time, cleanness of health facilities, history of side effect, history of unintended pregnancy, and information on how to use methods, privacy during examination and procedure and convenience of opening hour were the predictors of client satisfaction. Key words: Family planning, client satisfaction, Hossana town.

Trends and determinants of use of long-acting reversible contraception use among young women in France: results from three national surveys conducted between 2000 and 2010

To investigate trends and determinants in the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), including intrauterine devices and implants, over the last decade among young women in France. Data drawn from three cross-sectional national probability surveys. Not applicable. A total of 1,204 women, ages 15 to 29, who are at potential risk of an unintended pregnancy in 2000; 1,921 in 2005; and 1,281 in 2010. None. Logistic regression models were used to explore trends in LARC use since 2000 and to examine determinants of LARC use in 2010. A minority of women were using LARC methods, with a significant increase between 2000 and 2010, from 4.6% to 6.4%. The odds of LARC use in 2010 were higher among women 20 to 29 years, parous women, women with a history of unintended pregnancy, women in difficult financial situations, smokers, and women in the care of a gynecologist. This study shows that little progress has been made in LARC use among young women in France, despite these methods being widely available and reimbursed by the national health system.

Does a history of unintended pregnancy lessen the likelihood of desire for sterilization reversal?

Unintended pregnancy has been significantly associated with subsequent female sterilization. Whether women who are sterilized after experiencing an unintended pregnancy are less likely to express desire for sterilization reversal is unknown. This study used national, cross-sectional data collected by the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth. The study sample included women ages 15-44 who were surgically sterile from a tubal sterilization at the time of interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between a history of unintended pregnancy and desire for sterilization reversal while controlling for potential confounders. In this nationally representative sample of 1,418 women who were sterile from a tubal sterilization, 78% had a history of at least one unintended pregnancy and 28% expressed a desire to have their sterilization reversed. In unadjusted analysis, having a prior unintended pregnancy was associated with higher odds of expressing desire for sterilization reversal (odds ratio [OR]: 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.79). In adjusted analysis controlling for sociodemographic factors, unintended pregnancy was no longer significantly associated with desire for reversal (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.91-2.34). Among women who had undergone tubal sterilization, a prior history of unintended pregnancy did not decrease desire for sterilization reversal.

Study on the unintended pregnancy among married women of child-bearing age living in Qingshan district, Wuhan

To investigate the prevalence of unintended pregnancy (UP) and exploring the risk factors of UP for married women of child-bearing age from Qingshan district, Wuhan. A cross-sectional study was adopted in this study. Cluster sampling method was used with 3256 women recruited, in 2010. Information on history and risks related to social-demographic factors of UP were collected, using a self-administered questionnaire. Of the 3256 participants, over half of them (53.8%) reorted ever having had the history of UP and 9.1% reported UP in the past year. Rate of UP in the past year for different age cohorts (18-30, 31-40, 41-49 years) were 31.8%, 10.5% and 1.8% respectively. The most frequently reported reason for UP across all the age cohorts was "Did not use any contraceptive methods", with proportions on the reason that reported by women at 18-30, 31-40 and 41-49 year-olds, were 69.7%, 51.1% and 42.4% respectively. The second frequently reported reasons for UP were "Failure of traditional contraception" for younger cohort (18-30 years: 13.0%) and "IUD dropped or pregnancy with IUD" for older-age cohorts (23.4% at 31-40 year-olds and 37.0% at the 41-49 year-olds). The most frequently cited reason for "Did not use any contraceptive methods" was "Believe we were lucky so far, not to get pregnant" (59.6%). The risk factors of UP were being at older age, experiencing sex debut at younger age and got married at younger age. The prevalence of lifetime UP history was high among women at child-bearing age from Qingshan district, Wuhan. Reproductive health services and interventions should be taken according to the needs from different age cohorts of women. Younger cohort of women should receive more attention.

Intimate Partner Violence Among Economically Disadvantaged Young Adult Women: Associations With Adolescent Risk‐Taking and Pregnancy Experiences

Intimate partner violence negatively impacts the health of substantial proportions of young women in economically disadvantaged communities, where sexual initiation, aggressive behaviors, unintended pregnancies and childbearing are common among adolescents. It is therefore important to assess how adolescent risk behaviors and pregnancy experiences are linked to such violence during young adulthood. Data from 526 participants in the Reach for Health Longitudinal Study who were surveyed during middle school (in 1995-1996 and 1996-1997) and at ages 22-25 (in 2005-2007) provided information on adolescent risk behaviors and pregnancy experiences, as well as experiences of intimate partner violence during young adulthood. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify correlates of intimate partner violence involvement. As young adults, 29% of women reported having been victims of intimate partner violence in the past 12 months; 21% reported having perpetrated such violence. In multivariate analyses, victimization and perpetration in the last year are positively associated with aggressive behavior in middle school (odds ratios, 1.9 and 2.5, respectively), lifetime number of sex partners (1.3 for both) and having a history of unintended pregnancy or pregnancy problems (1.3 for both). Perpetration also is associated with early sexual initiation (0.5) and living with a partner (1.8). It is important to consider women's pregnancy histories in programs aimed at preventing the adverse outcomes of relationship violence and in screening for partner violence in sexual and reproductive health services. Early intervention may help women develop the skills needed for resolving conflicts with peers and partners.