History Of Sexual Intercourse Research Articles

Sexual health risk indicators and their associations with caries status and gingival health of adolescents resident in sub-urban South-West Nigeria

Background Adolescents are at high risk of poor sexual and oral health. We investigated for sexual risk factors associated with caries experience and gingival health among adolescents in Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from 10-19-year-old adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Information collected included age; sex; socioeconomic status; sexual practices (vaginal, oral, anal sex); sexual (transactional sex, multiple sex partners, condom use at last sexual intercourse) and oral health (frequency of tooth brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, dental service utilization in the last 12 months, consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals) risk behaviors; caries experience; and gingival health. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between explanatory variables (sexual and oral health risk behaviors) and outcome variables (caries experience and gingivitis). Results There were no significant associations between caries experience and history of sexual intercourse (OR:1.00); condom use at last sex act (OR:0.68); and having one (OR:2.27) or more sexual partners. Also, there was no significant association between moderate/severe gingivitis and a history of anal (OR:2.96), oral (OR:2.69), or vaginal (OR:1.40) sex; and a report of having one (OR:1.71) or more (OR:2.57) sex partners. Conclusions Some sexual health risk indicators insignificantly increase the risk for caries and moderate/severe gingivitis. Screening for sexual risk behaviors during dental care may be a suitable wellness programs approach for adolescents.

Alcohol use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of alcohol use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.DesignData for the study was sourced from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-Based Student...

Rare occurrence of ovarian choriocarcinoma: ultrasound evaluation.

Choriocarcinoma of the ovary is a rare, highly malignant tumor showing malignant trophoblastic cells and produces human chorionic gonadotropins. It can be classified as gestational and non-gestational choriocarcinoma. Non-gestational choriocarcinoma is extremely rare. Treatment is Methotrexate-based chemotherapy for the gestational type. This case study is a rare case of ovarian choriocarcinoma managed by surgical resection, followed by methotrexate-based chemotherapy, and aimed to evaluate the ultrasound characteristics of ovarian choriocarcinoma and how to arrive at the diagnosis. In cases with an elevated serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG), the finding of a highly vascularized adnexal mass on ultrasound evaluation should be underlined as a clue for suspecting choriocarcinoma, particularly if the female was young with no marriage history or history of sexual intercourse and also to be highly considered in married females with history of repeated abortions, molar pregnancy or uterine choriocarcinoma.

Physical Domain of Quality of Life in Premenopause and Post Menopause Women in Central of Java

Abstract. Background: Premenopause and menopause would affect changes in a woman's body. Physical changes during premenopause and menopause would affect a woman's quality of life. Physical changes also caused physical symptoms that were very disturbing in daily activities. This study analyzes the factors that influence physical symptoms on the quality of life of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: This research method was a descriptive study with a cross sectional study approach. This research was conducted in Central Java province from March to December 2022. The population in this study were premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Central Java. The sampling technique was carried out using the clustered random sampling method. Respondents to this study were taken from 4 districts from 4 corners of Central Java province, namely Kudus Regency, Sukoharjo Regency, Tegal Regency and Semarang Regency. Each district taken 25 respondents. Respondents' quality of life was measured using the Menopause Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. This study was analyzed using chi square. Results: education, religion, occupation, age at menarche, parity, income, history of illness, current activity, history of sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse significantly influence the physical domain of quality of life of postmenopausal women with a p-value 0.005. Age, education, occupation, age at menarche, marital status, parity, income, medical history, current activity, history of sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse significantly influence the physical domain of quality of life of premenopausal women with a p-value 0.005. Conclusion: The physical domain of quality of life for postmenopausal and premenopausal women is influenced by the same factors, namely education, occupation, age at menarche, parity, income, medical history, current activity, history of sexual intercourse, and frequency of sexual intercourse. Physical symptoms in postmenopausal women are in the mild category, while premenopausal women have severe physical symptoms

Prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls in Peru: Evidence from Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2015-2019.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescents, and identify the factors associated with this problem. A population-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from the Demographic and Family Health Surveys of Peru, 2015-2019. A total sample of 8850 adolescent girls aged 12 to 19 years who reported a history of sexual intercourse were included. To identify factors related to adolescent pregnancy, the study employed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The aPR were obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model. The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescents in Peru was 30.9% (95%CI: 29.4-32.4%). In the multivariable analysis; being 17-19 years (aPR: 1.48; 95%CI:1.33-1.64), being married or cohabitant (aPR: 4.01; 95%CI: 3.48-4.61) and belonging to the Quechua ethnicity group (aPR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.07-1.25), were associated with a higher prevalence. Conversely, the following factors were associated with a lower prevalence of pregnancy: being employed (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.76-0.86), being currently studying (aPR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.38-0.49), belonging to the second (aPR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.85-0.97), third (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.74-0.89), fourth (aPR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.69-0.91) and fifth (aPR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.47-0.75) wealth quintile, initiating sexual relations in middle adolescente (aPR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.69-0.83) or late adolescence (aPR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.35-0.46), perceiving a future pregnancy as a problem (aPR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.72-0.83) and having knowledge of the moment in the cycle when pregnancy can occur (aPR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.77-0.92). Approximately three out of ten adolescents who initiated a sexual life had at least one pregnancy. Age, marital status, employment, education, wealth, ethnicity, age at first intercourse, knowledge of when in the cycle she may become pregnant, and perception of future pregnancy were associated with adolescent pregnancy. To decrease the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Peru, it is imperative to enhance national policies concerning family planning and provide comprehensive sex education targeted at adolescents.

Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy and Associated Factors in Agago District, Uganda: A Community-Based Survey.

Teenage pregnancy remains a common public health and social problem associated with negative health outcomes. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy among teenage girls aged 13-17 years in Agago district, Uganda. We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study between October and November 2020 in Lapono Sub-County, Agago district among teenage girls 13-17 years. Multi-stage sampling technique was used. Parishes, villages, and households were randomly selected (computer generated random numbers were used for household selection). In each household, one participant was randomly selected for interview and pregnancy testing. We collected data on socio-demographic factors using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. All eligible participants were tested for urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine independent predictors of teenage pregnancy, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. A total of 289 eligible participants, with a mean age of 15.1±1.5 years, were enrolled. Most (n=246, 81.5%) participants had attained primary education, 18 (6.2%) were married, 41 (14.2%) used alcohol, 62 (21.5%) had a history of sexual intercourse and 32 (11.1%) were sexually abused. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 2.8% (n=8). Factors significantly associated with teenage pregnancy were alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 13.2, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.7-100.6, p=0.013) and having secondary/tertiary education (aOR: 10.2, 95% CI: 1.5-71.9, p=0.02). The study findings suggest that teenage pregnancy is still a public health and social problem in Agago district, Uganda. Interventions discouraging alcohol consumption and promoting education among teenagers are key in addressing the burden of teenage pregnancies in the district.

Successful laparoscopic resection of fallopian tube abscess caused by Escherichia coli in a 12-year-old adolescent virgin:a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundUpstream infection with vaginal flora can develop into tubal endothelial damage and tubal edema, which can lead to tubal obstruction and fallopian tube abscess if left untreated. Fallopian tube abscess in adolescent virgins is very rare, it may lead to long-term or even lifelong complications once it occurred.Case presentationA 12-year-old adolescent virgin with no history of sexual intercourse and previous physical fitness who presented with lower abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting for 22 h, body temperature up to 39.2 °C. Laparoscopic surgery revealed an abscess in the left fallopian tube, the left fallopian tube was surgically removed, successfully treated, and the pus was cultured for escherichia coli.ConclusionIt is important to consider possibility of tubal infection in young.

English

Gender-based violence is a serious public health problem. The prevalence of sexual violence against female students in Ethiopia has not been systematized, according to many dispersed studies. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis estimate cumulative prevalence of sexual violence and associated factors among high school female students, in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted. Different primary articles that assessed violence against high school female students in Ethiopia extracted by using Microsoft excel and exported to STATA version 11 for further analysis. Random-effect model meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and effect of each study with a 95% confidence interval. Funnel plots analysis and egger test regression were conducted to detect the presence of publication bias. A sensitivity test and sub-group analysis were conducted.&nbsp; A total of studies with 5,441 participants were included. Estimated pooled prevalence of violence against high school female students in Ethiopia was 45.25, with a 95% CI (34.59-55.91). Female students who had a history of sexual intercourse were about 7 (OR=7.23; 95% CI: 1.03-51.02) times more likely to have gender-based violence when compared with females who had no sexual intercourse history. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, magnitude of violence against female students is high in Ethiopia. It is recommended for high school directors, the regional education office, and the ministry of education to give special attention and work on female students to minimize gender-based violence. Key words: Gender-based violence, violence, female students, sexual violence.

Sexual Health Behaviors by Age 17 and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms at Age 19: PLUS Research Consortium Analysis of ALSPAC Data

PurposeWe examined how antecedent sexual health factors affect lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in adolescent women. MethodsWe analyzed 1,941 adolescent women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at age 19. At ages 15 and 17, participants reported use of oral contraceptives (OCs), history of sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and condom use. At age 19, The Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire quantified the frequency over the past month: stress incontinence, any incontinence, urgency, sensation of incomplete emptying, bladder pain, and urinary tract infection. Multivariable regression models examined associations between sexual health behaviors reported at ages 15 and 17 and six LUTS reported at age 19, after controlling for covariates. ResultsCommonly reported LUTS at age 19 were past-month stress incontinence (26.8%), bladder pain (26.3%), any urine leakage (22.1%), and urinary tract infection (15.4%). OC use by age 17 was associated with urgency (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–2.20), incomplete emptying (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.17–2.26), bladder pain (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.15–1.83), and urinary tract infections (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.28–2.21) at age 19 after adjustment for covariates. However, associations were attenuated after adjustment for condom use and number of sexual partners. Sexual intercourse by age 17 was associated with 1.53–2.65 increased odds of LUTs categories except incontinence, with lower confidence interval boundaries > 1.0. Associations were stronger among women with ≥ 3 sexual partners (vs. 0) by age 17. DiscussionWe found longitudinally assessed associations between OC use, sexual intercourse, and number of sexual partners during adolescence and LUTS at age 19.

Challenges in Managing AUB-C in Adolescence with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in North Sumatera, Indonesia: A Case Report

Background : Abnormal Uterine Bleeding is a common problem not only cause health disturbance but also affect the physical, social, emotional status, and quality of life of a women. The most common symptom is abnormally heavy or prolonged uterus bleeding. FIGO introduce 9 categories cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, which are known as “PALM- COEIN”. In general, components in “PALM” are components of structural abnormality, which can be diagnosed by imagingand/or histopathological examination. While “COEIN” includes non-structural abnormality.&#x0D; Case Report: A 17 years old female without a history of sexual intercourse came to the gynecology polyclinic of the University Of North Sumatra hospital with a chief complaint of irregular menstruation that had been experienced bythe patient since 5 months ago. The patient claimed to have had menstruation for 10-14 days. 4-5 times changing pads. Gynaecology examination within normal limits. Blood analysis has been done 3 times and the results came up with asignificant decrease of platelet counts and Haemoglobin levels.&#x0D; Trans Abdomen Ultrasonography was done and showed no abnormality found. The patient was diagnosed with AUB-C in Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common finding in women during their reproductive years. There are steps on how to diagnose an abnormal uterine bleeding disorder (AUB) based on comprehensive history taking, followed by a physical and additional workup.&#x0D; Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, menstrual bleeding, PALM- COEIN.

Human Papillomavirus Knowledge, Perception, and Willingness to Receive Vaccination Among Female University Students in Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cervical cancer is considered a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among females worldwide. Human papillomavirus is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection associated with increased cancer risks. Effective human papillomavirus vaccines are recommended for females in the adolescent years, but uptake has been less than optimal. The objective of the study is to assess human papillomavirus knowledge, perception, and willingness to receive vaccination among female students in Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was applied. The data were collected from 7 February to 15 April 2022. A total of 398 female students were recruited, and a multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations of variables. In this study, 161 (41%) of the students had good knowledge. About 226 (57.5%) had a more favorable perception regarding human papillomavirus and its vaccine, and 30% of the respondents were willing to receive the vaccine. The year level of study, having a history of sexual intercourse, having a family history of vaccination, and perception toward human papillomavirus and its vaccine were factors associated with students' willingness to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine. Educational programs are required to aware female students in Ethiopia considering their poor knowledge of human papillomavirus and its vaccine and the willingness of the students to receive the vaccine and related diseases. The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program that is in line with the World Health Organization's recommendation should be considered as 118 (30%) of the participants show willingness to be vaccinated worldwide.

Dating violence prevalence and risk factors among adolescents (14-19 years) in urban public schools in Panama.

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) can have lasting effects on youth's well-being and development. However, few studies in Latin America have described its prevalence and risk factors for having experienced ADV. We conducted a multisite, cross-sectional study using two-stage cluster sampling among adolescents (14-19 years) attending public high schools in the urban districts of Panama, San Miguelito, Colón, and Arraiján/La Chorrera from 2015 to 2018 (N=2469). All completed a tablet-based, self-administered questionnaire. Random effects logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for each ADV type among adolescent boys and girls separately. Participants reported experiencing a range of ADV at least once (girls: emotional 61.6%, physical 7.9%, sexual 21.0%; boys: emotional 73.4%, physical 24.1%, sexual 28.9%). In adjusted models, participants with a history of sexual intercourse had greater odds of ADV than those without such history across types (boys: emotional and sexual; girls: emotional, physical, and sexual). Additionally, participants who reported three or more romantic partners in the past year had greater odds of ADV than those with one partner (boys: emotional, physical; girls: physical). Girls with an earlier sexual debut (≤14 years vs ≥15 years) had greater odds of reporting ADV (emotional and sexual violence). No associations were found between reporting dating violence survival and the sex of romantic partners in the past year or the age of the current/most recent sex partner. This study reveals a high prevalence of ADV among adolescents in urban public schools in Panama. These findings support the need for program implementation to address ADV. Funding to undertake this study was acquired from Panama's Ministry of Economics and Finance, project number 009044.049.

Determinant Factors of Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Utilization among In-School Adolescents with Disability in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Introduction Adolescents with disability are often presumed erroneously to be sexually inactive. Though they have the same need for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services as nondisabled people, they are often overlooked by sexual and reproductive health programs, interventions, and studies. Objective To assess determinant factors of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among in-school adolescents with disability in Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia. Method Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed among in-school adolescents with disability in Jimma zone, Ethiopia, from September 21 to November 30, 2021. A total of 454 participants were included in the study by using the multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses at a 95% confidence interval were performed, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result 454 study participants were included in this study with a respondent rate of 97.4%. Only 38 (8.4%, 95% CI: 5.7-10.8%) of in-school adolescents utilized SRH information and education service. The majority (265, 49%) of adolescents with disability knew family planning as sexual and reproductive health services which were followed by voluntary counselling and testing for HIV/AIDS (116, 21.4%). Seventy-eight (17.2%, 95% CI: 13.7-20.5%) of in-school adolescents with disability visited nearby health facilities for VCT services. Male sex (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.18-4.57), favourable attitude (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.59-6.07), and history of sexual intercourse (AOR = 5.34, 95% CI: 2.05–13.92) were significantly associated with SRH service utilization. Conclusion The overall sexual and reproductive health service utilization of in-school adolescents with disability was low when compared with other studies. Physical impairment, male sex, ever had sexual intercourse, good knowledge, and favourable attitudes were determinant factors of SRH service utilization among in-school adolescents with disabilities. So, it is recommended that the Jimma zone administration, government, and NGOs should give attention to SRH services.

Emergency Contraceptive Pill Use and its Impact on Condom Utilization Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeEmergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) prevent unplanned pregnancy but not sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and the practice of ECP may affect condom use. This study, therefore, aimed to assess ECP use and its impact on condom utilization among female students of private universities in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 female students in three different private universities from February 1 to 28, 2019. Study samples were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data collected from a structured self-administered questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with condom utilization, and statistical significance was set at 95% confidence interval (CI) using a p-value of <0.05 as a cutoff point.ResultsThe response rate was 95.3% (381/400). Overall, 51.4% (196/381; 95% CI = 45.1%, 57.7%) had awareness of ECP. Besides, 186 (48.8%) students reported history of sexual intercourse, of which 115 (61.8%) have ever practiced ECP and 96 (51.6%) have ever used condom. However, only 11 (5.9%) have ever utilized ECP and condom concurrently. Use of ECPs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.164, 0.632; p = 0.001), belief that condom prevents STI (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.045, 8.646; p = 0.041) and thought that ECP does not prevent STI (AOR = 2.217; 95% CI = 1.172, 4.59; p = 0.032) had statistically significant association with condom utilization.ConclusionThe practice of ECP was average, while dual method contraception use was low in the study area. History of ECP use and beliefs that ECP is not effective to prevent STI or condom protects against STI were factors associated with condom use.

Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls: Evidence from the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2015-2019

Background: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of adolescent pregnancy in Peru, 2015-2019. Methods: A population-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from the Demographic and Family Health Surveys of Peru 2015-2019. A total weighted sample of 6892 adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years with a history of sexual intercourse were included. Finally, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported to determine the factors that were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Results: The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Peru was 30.1% (95%CI: 28.4–31.8%). In the multivariable analysis; being 17-19 years (aPR: 1.38; 95%CI :1.22–1.56), having a partner (aPR: 4.08; 95%CI: 3.46–4.81) and belonging to the Quechua ethnicity group (aPR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.09–1.32), were associated with a higher prevalence. Whereas, having an occupation (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.75–0.88), currently studying (aPR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.36–0.49), belonging to the second (aPR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.84–0.98), third (aPR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.72–0.89), fourth (aPR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.64–0.89) and fifth (aPR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.41–0.73) wealth quintile, initiating sexual relations between 17-19 years (aPR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.46–0.59), perceiving a future pregnancy as a problem (aPR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.70–0.83) and knowledge of the moment in the cycle when she could become pregnant (aPR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.76–0.93), were associated with a lower prevalence of pregnancy. Conclusions: About three in 10 adolescents who initiated their sexual life presented with at least one pregnancy. Age, marital status, employment, education, wealth, ethnicity, age at first intercourse, knowledge of when in the cycle she may become pregnant, and perception of future pregnancy were associated with adolescent pregnancy. It is necessary to increase national policies on family planning and sex education among adolescents to reduce the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Peru.

Premenstrual syndrome, coping mechanisms and associated factors among Wolkite university female regular students, Ethiopia, 2021

BackgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is used to describe physical, cognitive, affective, and behavioral symptoms that affect young and middle-aged women occurring cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Despite the considerable prevalence and impact of PMS on individuals, their families and communities that interferes with the development of nations, many professionals are still unaware of it and little attention has been given in developing countries like Ethiopia, especially for university students. Therefore, this study was aimed for assessing the magnitude of premenstrual syndrome, associated factors and coping mechanisms among Wolkite university female regular students, 2021.MethodsInstitutional-based cross sectional study was conducted among Wolkite University regular female students from June 15/10/2021 to 30/10/2021 by using simple random and multistage with systematic random sampling technique to select the study participants (n = 591). Data were collected using a self-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Premenstrual syndrome scales comprised of 40 questions with three sub-scales were used to determine Premenstrual syndrome. Data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi-data version-3.1, and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive statistics were computed for independent variables as well as for coping mechanisms and presented in narration, tables and graphs. Analytic analysis schemes including bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression were computed to identify factors associated with premenstrual syndrome and those variables with a P value of < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant.ResultFrom the total of 631 study subjects, only 591 had completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 93.7%. From 591 study participants, 224 (37.9%) [95% CI: (34, 40.9)] of them had premenstrual syndrome. Abdominal cramp (78.8%), depression (73.3%) and fatigue (72.9%) were frequent premenstrual symptoms experienced by students. Having family history of PMS [AOR: 4.05; 95% CI: (2.49, 6.58)], no history of sexual intercourse [AOR: 2; 95% CI: (1.12, 3.47)], severe menstrual pain intensity [AOR: 3.09; 95% CI: (1.58, 6.05)], irregular menstrual cycle [AOR: 2.26; 95% CI: (1.41, 3.62)], early age of menarche (< 13 years) [AOR: 2.64; 95% CI: (1.34, 5.19)], long duration of menses (≥ 7 days) [AOR: 3.56; 95% CI: (1.53, 8.37)] and using many pads (> 8) during menstruation [AOR: 4.44; 95% CI: (2.16, 9.12)] were factors significantly associated with premenstrual syndrome. 93.4% of students apply at least one coping mechanism for premenstrual symptoms, of which; taking rest (67.6%) and sleeping (60.7%) were common strategies.ConclusionIn this study, premenstrual syndrome was found to be a problem of many students. Abdominal cramp, depressed feeling and fatigue were the predominant premenstrual symptoms experienced by students. Taking rest and sleeping were mostly applied by students as a coping mechanism. Family history of PMS, no history of sexual intercourse, intense menstrual pain, use of many pads during menstruation, irregular menstrual cycle, early menarche, and long duration of menses were found to be predictors of premenstrual syndrome. PMS needs great attention as part of the health care service in Ethiopia by involving all stockholders, including policy makers and health care professionals, to reduce its impact on the academic performance of university students.

Sexual health risk indicators and their associations with caries status and gingival health of adolescents resident in sub-urban South-West Nigeria

Background: Adolescents are at high risk of poor sexual and oral health. We investigated for sexual risk factors associated with caries experience and gingival health among adolescents in Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 10-19-year-old adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Information collected included age; sex; socioeconomic status; sexual practices (vaginal, oral, anal sex); sexual (transactional sex, multiple sex partners, condom use at last sexual intercourse) and oral health (frequency of tooth brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, dental service utilization in the last 12 months, consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals) risk behaviors; caries experience; and gingival health. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between explanatory variables (sexual and oral health risk behaviors) and outcome variables (caries experience and gingivitis). Results: There were no significant associations between caries experience and history of sexual intercourse (OR:1.00); condom use at last sex act (OR:0.68); and having one (OR:2.27) or more sexual partners. Also, there was no significant association between moderate/severe gingivitis and a history of anal (OR:2.96), oral (OR:2.69), or vaginal (OR:1.40) sex; and a report of having one (OR:1.71) or more (OR:2.57) sex partners. Conclusions: Some sexual health risk indicators insignificantly increase the risk for caries and moderate/severe gingivitis. Screening for sexual risk behaviors during dental care may be a suitable wellness programs approach for adolescents.

Magnetide and Associated Factors of Gender Based Violence Among Female Students of High School and Preparatory in Mikewa Town, Oromia, Ethiopia in 2019

Background: Gender Based Violence refers to acts of sexual or physical violence inflicted on children in and around schools because of their sex or gendere identity. It results in fatal and non-fatal injuries, unintended pregnancies, induced abortions, STIs and mental health problems. Schools are not isolated from traditions, culture, norms, customary laws and governmental policies that exist in the country and the community, nor from individual experiences of students and staff both outside and inside schools and educational institutions. If not addressed properly, schools can normalize a violent environment both in the classroom and outside it. Objective: To assess magnetude and factors related to Gender Based Violence among female students of high school and preparatory students in Mikewa town, Oromia, Ethiopia in 2019. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on female students of mikewa high school and preparatory. Cluster sampling was used and Data was collected using structured self administered questionnaire and entered into Epi info version 7 and SPSS version 16 for was used for data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to present data. Biviriate and multivariate logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association between the outcome variable and independent variable. The result was then displayed by using text, graphs and tables. Content analysis was implemented manually for the qualitative part. Result: The magnetude of GBV among study participants was 187 (46.6%). Students who are from extended family OR=0.42; (95%CI: 0.27, 0.66), students having drunken friend OR=2.44; (95%CI: 1.47, 4.04), having history of sexual intercourse OR=0.16 (95%CI: 0.03, 0.95), place near school where girls fear to go alone OR=2.09; (95%CI: 1.29, 3.41) history of discrimination or marginalization OR=0.29; (95%CI: 0.14-0.62) were the identified associated factor with GBV. Conclusion: The current study showed the magnitude of GBV is unacceptable. Variables like being being female students from extended family, having drunken female friend or boy friend, having history of sexual intercourse, place near school where girls fear togo alone, history of discrimination or marginalization were the identified associated factors. Recommendation: Identified factors associated with GBV of this study finding needs attention and corrective action from policy makers, school officials, community, parents, students, and other concerned bodies including programs aimed at preventing GBV.

Sexual and reproductive health service needs among youths attending preparatory school in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Objective:Despite the reproductive health needs of youth having been supported by different organizations, youths continue to fall victim to sexual and reproductive health problems, and utilization of those services remains low. All efforts have not been felt across the Ethiopian learning institutions as is evidenced by persistent reproductive health problems. This study was aimed to determine sexual and reproductive health service needs among preparatory school youths of Debre Tabor town, Ethiopia.Methods:Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Debre Tabor town from 15 to 30 February 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to access a total of 850 preparatory school students. The data were collected using pre-tested, structured, and self-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into EpiData v. 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. Binary logistics regression was used for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p value of 0.05.Results:The overall magnitude of sexual and reproductive health service needs was found 61.5% at 95% confidence interval (58.2%, 64.8 %). Being married (adjusted odds ratio = 2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 4.55), having information about sexual and reproductive health (adjusted odds ratio = 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.85, 3.55), youth discussion with families on sexual and reproductive health (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 2.10), and having a history of sexual intercourse (adjusted odds ratio = 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.53, 3.13) were found significantly associated with sexual and reproductive health service needs of youths.Conclusion:the overall need for sexual and reproductive health services among youths was found high. Therefore, managers and health workers need to prioritize an intervention that can improve youth-friendly service, information dissemination, and counseling, promoting discussion among family members on the sexual and reproductive health needs of the youths.

Use of PCR in the diagnosis of pericardial amebiasis: a case report and systematic review of the literature

BackgroundEntamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is rarely identified as a cause of amebic pericarditis. We report a case of amebic pericarditis complicated by cardiac tamponade, in which the diagnosis was missed initially and was made retrospectively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of a stored sample of pericardial fluid. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review of the literature on amebic pericarditis.Case presentationA 71-year-old Japanese man who had a history of sexual intercourse with several commercial sex workers 4 months previously, presented to our hospital with left chest pain and cough. He was admitted on suspicion of pericarditis. On hospital day 7, he developed cardiac tamponade requiring urgent pericardiocentesis. The patient’s symptoms temporarily improved, but 1 month later, he returned with fever and abdominal pain, and multiple liver lesions were found in the right lobe. Polymerase chain reaction of the aspiration fluid of the liver lesion and pericardial and pleural fluid stored from the previous hospitalization were all positive for E. histolytica. Together with the positive serum antibody for E. histolytica, a diagnosis of amebic pericarditis was made. Notably, the diagnosis was missed initially and was made retrospectively by performing PCR testing. The patient improved with metronidazole 750 mg thrice daily for 14 days, followed by paromomycin 500 mg thrice daily for 10 days.ConclusionsThis case suggests that, although only 122 cases of amebic pericarditis have been reported, clinicians should be aware of E. histolytica as a potential causative pathogen. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect E. histolytica in the pericardial effusion and was found to be useful for the diagnosis of amebic pericarditis in addition to the positive results for the serum antibody testing for E. histolytica. Because of the high mortality associated with delayed treatment, prompt diagnosis should be made.